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Children with cancer are in urgent need of new therapies, as approximately 25% of patients experience a relapse and 20% succumb to their disease. Moreover, the majority of survivors suffer from clinically relevant health problems. Repurposing of targeted agents developed for adult indications could provide novel therapeutic options for paediatric cancer patients. To prioritise targeted drugs for paediatric clinical development, we applied a systematic review methodology to develop a Target Actionability Review (TAR) strategy. These TARs assess the strength and completeness of published preclinical proof-of-concept (PoC) data by structured critical appraisal of and summarising the available scientific literature for a specific target (pathway) and the associated drugs in paediatric tumours. A sensitive literature search in PubMed was performed and relevant papers were identified. For each paper, the individual experimental findings were extracted, marked for paediatric tumour type and categorised into nine separate PoC data modules. Each experimental finding was scored for experimental outcome and quality independently by two reviewers; discrepancies were assessed by a third reviewer and resolved by adjudication. Scores corresponding to one PoC module were merged for each tumour type and visualised in a heat map matrix in the publicly available R2 data portal [r2.amc.nl]. To test our TAR methodology, we conducted a pilot study on MDM2 and TP53. The heat map generated from analysis of 161 publications provides a rationale to support drug development in specific paediatric solid and brain tumour types. Furthermore, our review highlights tumour types where preclinical data are incomplete or lacking and for which additional preclinical testing is advisable. • A new strategy to review literature on targeted compounds in paediatric cancer. • Results help to guide and prioritise clinical development of novel targeted agents. • Outcomes are visualised in a publicly available, interactive heat map. • We applied this unique methodology to MDM2 and TP53 and MDM2 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (PSS) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that is gaining use when examining shoulder-specific outcomes. To date, a systematic review of the PSS measurement properties has not been published. To systematically locate, appraise, and synthesize the evidence concerning the measurement properties of the PSS. Systematic literature review. A pair of raters conducted a literature search using pre-defined keywords from 5 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, PsychINFO, Scopus) during the week of October 23, 2022. Critical appraisal of study design for psychometric articles was used to assess methodological quality and risk of bias. Measurement property data were synthesized with pooled estimates for the indices of test-retest reliability (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), Cronbach α (CA), effect size (ES), and standardized response means (SRM) calculated from applicable studies. A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. Methodological quality was agreed upon between the 2 raters with a weighted kappa of 0.77, and 9/13 of the articles were rated above 70%. Test-retest reliability of the PSS total score ranged between 0.90 and 0.94, and construct validity was high when compared to other shoulder-specific PROMs (0.75 < r > 0.96). Responsiveness of the PSS was large across all studies with few PSS subscales dropping to moderate. Pooled MDC90 of the total PSS was 12.13 points, and the pooled ES of the total PSS was 0.85. The scope of this review demonstrates positive measurement properties of the PSS as a reliable, valid, and responsive measurement of shoulder-specific PROM. However, there are few studies examining the measurement properties of the PSS and more research is needed to assess cross-cultural appropriateness and factor analysis of the questions contained in the PSS. • Shoulder-specific functional, pain, and satisfaction questions are part of the PSS. • This paper finds the PSS to be a reliable, valid, and responsive outcome measure. • This paper provides pooled outcomes across studies of the PSS. • The PSS lacks factor-analysis and has limited evidence on measurement properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complementing the well-established evidence base on health inequalities experienced by migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the UK; we examined the extent to which their right to equal non-discriminatory access to health services (promotive, preventive, curative) was upheld during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arksey and O′Malley's scoping review framework. A comprehensive search was conducted on Medline, PubMed, and CINAHL using detailed MESH terms, for literature published between 01 January 2020 and 01 January 2024. The process was supported by a ten-page Google search and hand searching of reference lists. 42 records meeting the inclusion criteria were charted, coded inductively and analysed thematically in an integrated team-based approach. Dissonance between immigration regulation and health governance is illustrated in four themes: Health systems leveraged to (re)enforce the hostile environment; Dissonance between health rights on paper and in practice; Structural failures to overcome communication and digital exclusion; and COVID-19 vaccine (in)equity exacerbated fear, mistrust and exclusion. Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers encountered substantial individual, structural and policy-level barriers to accessing healthcare in the UK during COVID-19. Insecure immigration status, institutional mistrust, data-sharing and charging fears, communication challenges and digital exclusion impacted heavily on their ability to access healthcare in an equitable non-discriminatory manner. An inclusive and innovative health equity and rights-based responses reaching all migrants, refugees and asylum seekers are warranted if the National Health Service is to live up to its promise of ' leaving no one behind' in post-pandemic and future responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of a mother's diet is important to ensure child growth and development and keep women healthy. This systematic review aimed to identify the outcomes of a carbohydrate-restricted diet during lactation. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS were searched for studies published between 2012 and 2023; 16 studies were selected, all of them case reports or care series. The carbohydrate restriction described in the papers mainly was ketogenic, low-carb, low-carbohydrate and high-fat, and modified ketogenic diets. The main goal of women undertaking these diets was weight loss, with therapeutic purposes (monitored and supervised by health professionals) in only 2 cases: (1) ketogenic diet therapy for treatment of seizures in the infant and (2) to reduce symptoms of mother's gastroesophageal reflux. Most articles reported that lactating women were hospitalized, experiencing symptoms such as vomiting, muscle weakness, nausea, abdominal pain, general malaise, and fatigue. However, articles did not mention poor outcomes for the infants. Most of the studies in this review were published in the past 3 years, indicating a possible increase in cases of women practicing carbohydrate restriction during lactation for weight loss caused by body dissatisfaction. In conclusion, carbohydrate restriction during lactation may be harmful to the lactating woman and contribute to the state of lactational ketoacidosis, but infant outcomes are mainly a change in feeding patterns. Thus, education on food and nutrition is necessary for this population. Carbohydrate restriction during lactation may cause problems for both the mother and the child. There has been an increase in the number of cases of lactating women restricting carbohydrates for weight loss purposes because of dissatisfaction with their bodies. This could result in hospitalization. Ketogenic diet therapy, when assisted by specialized professionals and performed for therapeutic purposes, provides evidence for the potential treatment and control of convulsions in infants. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auto-contouring could revolutionise future planning of radiotherapy treatment. The lack of consensus on how to assess and validate auto-contouring systems currently limits clinical use. This review formally quantifies the assessment metrics used in studies published during one calendar year and assesses the need for standardised practice. A PubMed literature search was undertaken for papers evaluating radiotherapy auto-contouring published during 2021. Papers were assessed for types of metric and the methodology used to generate ground-truth comparators. Our PubMed search identified 212 studies, of which 117 met the criteria for clinical review. Geometric assessment metrics were used in 116 of 117 studies (99.1%). This includes the Dice Similarity Coefficient used in 113 (96.6%) studies. Clinically relevant metrics, such as qualitative, dosimetric and time-saving metrics, were less frequently used in 22 (18.8%), 27 (23.1%) and 18 (15.4%) of 117 studies, respectively. There was heterogeneity within each category of metric. Over 90 different names for geometric measures were used. Methods for qualitative assessment were different in all but two papers. Variation existed in the methods used to generate radiotherapy plans for dosimetric assessment. Consideration of editing time was only given in 11 (9.4%) papers. A single manual contour as a ground-truth comparator was used in 65 (55.6%) studies. Only 31 (26.5%) studies compared auto-contours to usual inter- and/or intra-observer variation. In conclusion, significant variation exists in how research papers currently assess the accuracy of automatically generated contours. Geometric measures are the most popular, however their clinical utility is unknown. There is heterogeneity in the methods used to perform clinical assessment. Considering the different stages of system implementation may provide a framework to decide the most appropriate metrics. This analysis supports the need for a consensus on the clinical implementation of auto-contouring. • A systematic review of auto-contouring assessment publications was performed. • Variation in the metrics used in auto-contouring research is demonstrated. • Geometric metrics are the most popular, but these may not be clinically meaningful. • There is significant heterogeneity in the "clinically relevant" assessment metrics. • There is a need to standardise auto-contouring assessment, to enable clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Reach Out and Read (ROR) is an evidence-based literacy promotion intervention that leverages the near-universal access to children of primary care practices to promote optimal child development. While several studies document ROR's effectiveness, its implementation remains understudied. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review examines the existing literature to better understand ROR implementation. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, ERIC, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, ProQuest Education Database, and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION: We included peer-reviewed English-language papers focusing on ROR in an ambulatory setting in North America. DATA EXTRACTION: Extracted variables were informed by the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist and included publication year, title, author(s), clinic location, study design, study aim, ROR implementation, modifications, implementation assessment, barriers, facilitators, and outcomes. RESULTS: Seventy-one papers were included, of which 43 were research articles. We identified substantial variation in ROR implementation including differences in components delivered. A considerable number of research articles did not assess ROR implementation. The most common barriers to ROR implementation were at the system level (ie, financing and inadequate time). Modifications and enhancements to ROR are emerging; most address barriers at the clinician and family level. LIMITATIONS: This review was limited to published English language papers focusing on ROR. CONCLUSIONS: ROR implementation varies across studies, and many did not assess implementation. Consistent reporting and assessment of ROR implementation could create opportunities to better understand the mechanisms underlying ROR's effects and inform other early childhood interventions that seek to promote optimal development at the population level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid internet penetration and technological advancements have facilitated accessibility to internet-enabled devices globally. Since Asia lacks comprehensive data on internet addiction among college students, this review aims to estimate its pooled prevalence. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and MEDLINE from their inception through August 2022 using terms appropriate to internet addiction and Asian countries/territorial for publications in English peer-reviewed journals. The studies included those done on current college students and provided unambiguous indicators of the threshold of internet addiction. The pooled prevalence was calculated through a random-effects meta-analysis by RStudio software, and I 2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment. Overall, between 2007 and 2021, 39 papers comprising 45 effect sizes and totaling 58,058 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of internet addiction among Asian college students was 24.3% (95% confidence interval: 19.8%–29.5%, Q = 6234, df = 44, τ2 = 0.79, I 2 = 99.29%), and strikingly, this percentage increased over time. A high degree of heterogeneity was seen, and no publication bias was found. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review report on Asian college students, which found that one-fifth suffer from internet addiction. The findings emphasize the significance of multidisciplinary prevention and management strategies to mitigate the harmful effects of internet addiction. Further research is warranted to develop a standardized diagnostic tool for a more precise estimation of internet addiction among this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing interest on the Russian-Ukrainian war and its repercussion on the children's health, there is no previous systematic review compiling the current evidence on this topic. This study conducted a rapid systematic review to investigate the current findings concerning the impact of the Ukraine war on the social and health aspects of the Ukrainian pediatric population. A rapid systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (BVS Spain) were searched between February and April 2023. In addition, high-impact journals and institutions focused on pediatric health and human rights were also consulted. All relevant original articles, letters, editorials, and policy papers assessing the health and social repercussions of the war on Ukrainian children were included. From 134 publications matching the search criteria, 23 were included. These publications were categorized into three distinct domains: 'Public health challenges for the physical and mental health of children and adolescents', 'Lack of Healthcare resources and initiatives to mitigate suffering', and 'Policies, Government, and Children's rights'. Our findings revealed that the war is seriously impacting the life and the health of Ukrainian children, resulting in worse physical and mental health outcomes and perpetrating a deprived situation. To overcome such problems, several initiatives have been proposed by European and non-European countries, relying mostly on receiving refugees, providing mental health support, complementing lack of resources, and establishing policies to improve health care. It could help health professionals, policy makers, and governments to plan preventive, promotive, and therapeutic strategies for Ukrainian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient factors affect the risk of radiotherapy toxicity, but many are poorly defined. Studies have shown that race affects cancer incidence, survival, drug response, molecular pathways and epigenetics. Effects on radiosensitivity and radiotherapy toxicity are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of race and ethnicity on the risk of radiotherapy toxicity. A systematic review was carried out of PubMed, Ovid Medline and Ovid Embase with no year limit. PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. Two independent assessors reviewed papers. Of 607 papers screened, 46 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Papers were published between 1996 and 2021 and involved 30–28,354 individuals (median 433). Most involved patients with prostate (33%), breast (26%) and lung (9%) cancer. Both early and late toxicities were studied. Some studies reported a higher risk of toxicity in White men with prostate cancer compared with other races and ethnicities. For breast cancer patients, some reported an increased risk of toxicity in White women compared with other race and ethnic groups. In general, it was difficult to draw conclusions due to insufficient reporting and analysis of race and ethnicity in published literature. Reporting of race and ethnicity in radiotherapy studies must be harmonised and improved and frameworks are needed to improve the quality of reporting. Further research is needed to understand how ancestral heritage might affect radiosensitivity and risk of radiotherapy toxicity. • Ancestral heritage is likely to affect risk of some radiation toxicities. • Insufficient evidence from reviewing effects of race and ethnicity on toxicity. • Reporting race and ethnicity in radiation studies must be harmonised and improved. • Socioeconomic and comorbidity effects must be addressed. • Radiogenomic research needs diversifying beyond euro-centricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Noncommunicable disease development is related to impairments in glycemic and insulinemic responses, which can be modulated by fiber intake. Fiber's beneficial effects upon metabolic health can be partially attributed to the production of SCFAs via microbial fermentation of fiber in the gastrointestinal tract. Objectives We aimed to determine the effects of SCFAs, acetate, propionate, and butyrate on glycemic control in humans. Methods The CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 7 December 2021. Papers were included if they reported a randomized controlled trial measuring glucose and/or insulin compared to a placebo in adults. Studies were categorized by the type of SCFA and intervention duration. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for glucose and insulin for those subject categories with ≥3 studies, or a narrative review was performed. Results We identified 43 eligible papers, with 46 studies within those records (n  = 913), and 44 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Vinegar intake decreased the acute glucose response [standard mean difference (SMD), −0.53; 95% CI, −0.92 to −0.14; n  = 67] in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes and in healthy volunteers (SMD, −0.27; 95% CI, −0.54 to 0.00; n  = 186). The meta-analyses for acute acetate, as well as acute and chronic propionate studies, showed no significant effect. Conclusions Vinegar decreased the glucose response acutely in healthy and metabolically unhealthy individuals. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and mixed SCFAs had no effect on blood glucose and insulin in humans. Significant heterogeneity, risks of bias, and publication biases were identified in several study categories, including the acute vinegar glucose response. As evidence was very uncertain, caution is urged when interpreting these results. Further high-quality research is required to determine the effects of SCFAs on glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discussions between health professionals and nursing home (NH) residents or their families about the current or future goals of health care may be associated with better outcomes at the end of life (EOL), such as avoidance of unwanted interventions or death in hospital. The timing of these discussions varies, and it is possible that their influence on EOL outcomes depends on their timing. This study synthesized current evidence concerning the timing of goals of care (GOC) discussions in NHs and its impact on EOL outcomes. Systematic review. Adult populations in NH settings. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health from January 2000 to September 2022. We included studies that examined timing of GOC discussions in NHs, were peer-reviewed, and published in English. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Screening of 1930 abstracts yielded 149 papers that were evaluated for eligibility. Of the 18 articles, representing 16 distinct studies that met review criteria, 12 evaluated the timing of advance directives. There was variation in the timing of GOC discussions and compared with discussions that occurred within a month of death, earlier discussions (eg, at the time of facility admission) were associated with lower rates of hospitalization at the EOL and lower health care costs. The timing of GOC discussions in NHs varies and evidence suggests that late discussions are associated with poorer EOL outcomes. The benefits of goal-concordant care may be enhanced by earlier and more frequent discussions. Future studies should examine the optimal timing for GOC discussions in the NH population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an updated systematic review with meta-analysis that compared supervised exercise therapy (SET) vs non-supervised exercise therapy (NSET) programs for patients with distal radius fracture. The purpose of this systematic review is to appraise the current literature to determine if SET program is more effective than a NSET program for pain relief, improvement of range of movement, function and grip strength, both in the short or medium term for patients following distal radius fractures. Systematic review. The following electronic databases were searched: Medline/Pubmed, PEDro, Cinahl, Embase, CENTRAL, and Lilacs. PICOT strategy was used for trial selection. The searches were conducted on August 22, 2021, and May 26, 2022. Two researchers performed an independent search for papers from the references of the chosen trials. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) was used for assessing the quality of evidence. The search strategy identified 2786 potentially eligible studies and 15 studies met our inclusion criteria. The results did not show that the SET program was more effective than the NSET program for all outcomes, in both terms for patients after distal radius fractures. GRADE showed that all analyses presented very low-quality evidence. Even the results showing there was no difference between the two programs analyzed, the available evidence for randomized controlled trials was insufficient to support these results. • The trials selected have very low methodological quality. • It was not possible to conclude that there is no difference between the programs. • Future clinical trials are needed to conclude the effectiveness of the programs. • The non-supervised programs used very different methods. • Instructions, videos, booklets and advice were used as methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Many mental health disorders first emerge during early childhood or adolescence. • Wait times for children's mental health services have been an international and widespread problem. • Long wait times prolong the emotional distress of children and/or adolescents and their caregivers which can exacerbate mental health difficulties. • The majority of research in this area has been conducted in the United Kingdom and Canada and focus on one waitlist strategy. • Common strategies include alternative service delivery models, increasing system capacity, and improving intake and assessment processes. Background: Although many mental health disorders first emerge during early childhood or adolescence, there is a significant gap between demand and availability of mental health resources, leading to long waitlists for services. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify and characterize the research literature related to the range of waitlist management strategies that have been implemented in outpatient child and adolescent mental health care. Methods: Electronic databases reviewed included: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PubMed, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and ISI Web of Science. Grey literature databases included: OpenGrey, Conference Papers Index, and Proquest Digital Dissertations. Articles were screened by two reviewers in two steps: first by title and abstract, then full text level. Data were extracted using an a-priori developed data extraction framework, which was piloted and modified iteratively. Results: A total of 119 papers related to waitlist interventions in child and adolescent mental health were reviewed. Of these 119 papers, 11% were reviews, summary, or theoretical papers; 8% used a randomized control trial design and 2.5% were trial protocols. Most studies used less rigorous designs, such as uncontrolled before-and- after designs. The large majority focused on just one waitlist strategy each. The most commonly used approaches included: prioritization/triage and initial assessment; brief consultation and advice or brief therapy approaches; group-based models; interim services; increasing capacity; and strategies to decrease non-attendance. Most studies were conducted in the United Kingdom or Canada. Discussion: While mental health systems are complex, most studies examining waitlist initiatives explored the implementation of single initiatives. It is unlikely that a single waitlist strategy can be effective in managing wait times for children's mental health. Rather, consistent and systemic approaches to address wait times that consider the impact of the reduction approach on the patient, the program, and the community are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance use is common in patients with cancer. Caring for patients with co-occurring cancer and substance use disorder (SUD) is complex. The detrimental effects of stigma on people with SUD are far-reaching; impacting on the quality of care and inter-personal relationships, reducing quality of life. Despite this, most healthcare professionals (HCP) know little about how to avoid stigmatizing interactions with patients. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to summarize what is known about substance use by patients with cancer and present the consequences of SUD stigma for oncology patients. In addition, to highlight approaches to reduce HCP stigma. This literature review was designed using the PRISMA guidelines for integrative reviews. Google Scholar, PubMed and CINAHL Ultimate were used to search for related key terms. Inclusion criteria were; published after 2013, written in English, full text available. The initial search was augmented by crosschecking the references section of relevant articles. Eligible papers were then subjected to the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment. Ninety unique papers were read in full and summarized into the research themes. Prevalence estimates of substance use in patients with cancer range from 2% to 35%, varying by cancer site, type of substance, patient demographics and metrics of substance use. Patients with co-occurring cancer and SUDs have multiple clinical factors that can complicate clinical care including 'chemical coping', delayed diagnosis, compromised treatment adherence, decreased immune function and interaction between illicit substances and cancer drugs. Stigma related to SUD can result in exclusion and marginalization of these individuals. It can lead to social isolation, inequitable access to healthcare and sub-optimal treatment, resulting in poor health outcomes and reduced quality of life. Various educational approaches are recommended to reduce SUD stigma in HCP, but changing HCP language would seem the simplest and most impactful. Perhaps the most powerful tool Radiation Therapists can use to reduce SUD stigma is the choice of language when communicating with patients and other HCPs. Learning from our professional experiences when talking with patients about sexual health, or sexual and gender diversity, the first step to a meaningful conversation is ensuring the patient feels comfortable disclosing their lived experiences and need for support. If we fail to eliminate SUD stigma in our own clinical interactions, then we will be unable to improve wellness in this vulnerable population and promote healthy behaviours in the patients we care for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To integrate existing literature on barriers and facilitators to implementing interventions for Medically Unexplained Symptoms (MUS) in primary and secondary care. Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A search of PsychINFO/Pubmed/Web of Science was performed to select studies focusing on MUS-interventions and implementation. All included papers were checked for quality and bias. A narrative synthesis approach was used to describe the included papers by implementation level, ranging from the specific intervention to the broader economic/political context. 20 (quantitative/qualitative/mixed design) papers were included, but the quantitative studies especially, lacked methodological quality, with possible publication bias as a result. Results showed that the intervention needs to be acceptable and in line with daily practice routines. The professional 's attitude and skills are important for implementation success, as well as for overcoming problems in the professional-patient interaction. If patients stick to finding a somatic cause, this hampers implementation. A lack of time is a frequently mentioned barrier at the organizational level. Barriers/facilitators at the social context level and at the economic/political level were barely reported on in the included papers. Results were integrated into an existing implementation model, as an example of how MUS-interventions can be successfully implemented in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review focuses on asparaginase, a key component of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment since the 1970s. This review evaluates how much asparaginase is needed for optimal outcome in childhood ALL. We provide an overview of asparaginase dose intensity, i.e. duration of total cumulative exposure in weeks and level of exposure reflected by dose and/or asparaginase activity level, and the corresponding outcome. We systematically searched papers published between January 1990 and March 2021 in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases and included 20 papers. The level and duration of exposure were based on the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug and the assumption that trough asparaginase activity levels of ≥100 IU/L should be achieved for complete l -asparagine depletion. The statistical meta-analysis of outcomes was not performed because different outcome measures were used. The level of exposure was not associated with the outcome as long as therapeutic asparaginase activity levels of ≥100 IU/L were reached. Conflicting results were found in the randomised controlled trials, but all truncation studies showed that the duration of exposure (expressed as weeks of l -asparagine depletion) does affect the outcome; however, no clear cutoff for optimal exposure duration was determined. Optimal exposure duration will also depend on immunophenotype, (cyto)genetic subgroups, risk group stratification and backbone therapy. • This review provides a detailed overview of asparaginase therapy in peadiatric ALL. • Truncation studies show that the duration of asparaginase exposure affects the outcome. • No clear cutoff for the optimal duration of asparaginase exposure was determined. • Exposure level (expected asparaginase levels ≥100IU/L) was not associated with the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency departments (EDs) are often first to feel the intra-hospital effects of disasters. Compromised care standards during disasters eventuate from increased demands on health resources; the facilities, supplies, equipment and manpower imperative for a functioning healthcare facility. Emergency departments must understand the effect of disasters on their health resources. This paper examines the impact on resources within the ED as a result of a disaster and provides a review against the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction's Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 priorities. An integrative literature review design was utilised. Articles were extracted from databases and search engines. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Guidelines for systematic literature reviews were used. Seven papers met inclusion criteria. Disaster consumable stocking was used to mitigate disaster risk and improve resilience. Logistical challenges were exacerbated by poor building design. Ineffective human resource management, communications failure, insufficient ED space, diminished equipment and supplies and unreliable emergency power sources were described. Disaster planning and preparedness strategies can address health resource deficits, increasing ED resilience. Further retrospective case studies are required to greater understand the effects of disasters on ED health resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution style for university academic services has undergone a significant paradigm shift toward electronic services over the past ten years. Services offered by Zayed University (ZU) are not distinctive. The students might access a sizable variety of services and information online with just a few mouse clicks or finger touches. However, several obstacles still prevent students from taking full advantage of these services because of serious usability problems with the way portals were created. This paper presents a usability assessment study of e-services provided to students through the academic portal of Zayed University. It explores the viewing, searching, and navigation behavior of young Arab female students as they engage with the university academic portal and factors that affect their searching behavior using an eye tracking methodology and analysis. The study focuses on the visual and viewing behaviors of the students as they make their initial decision to use an e-service (click). To gather data on students' navigational patterns, an eye tracking experiment was created and carried out utilizing the current designs of several e-services accessible to students. It has been recorded, gathered, and analyzed how the participants navigated the list of e-services and interacted with it. The study's results suggest that, on average, students spent more time checking the e-services homepage for the appropriate link to the desired service. Surprisingly, a large percentage of students had never used the university's online services which affect the usability rate of ZU web portal. From the viewpoints and expectations of the students, a set of recommendations were made to enhance the usability aspect and design of the ZU main portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) promotes and supports breastfeeding for low-income women and children. A prior review reported negative associations of WIC with breastfeeding outcomes. WIC food package changes in 2009 increased breastfeeding support. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this systematic review were to 1) evaluate evidence on WIC participation and breastfeeding outcomes and 2) evaluate breastfeeding outcomes of WIC participants before versus after the 2009 food package. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase®, CINAHL, ERIC, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for papers published January 2009 to April 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Included studies compared breastfeeding outcomes (initiation, duration, exclusivity, early introduction of solid foods) of WIC participants with WIC-eligible nonparticipants, or among WIC participants before versus after the 2009 package change. STUDY APPRAISAL METHODS: Two independent reviewers evaluated each study and assessed risk of bias using EHPHP assessment. RESULTS: From 13 observational studies we found: 1) moderate strength of evidence (SOE) of no difference in initiation associated with WIC participation; 2) insufficient evidence regarding WIC participation and breastfeeding duration or exclusivity; 3) low SOE that the 2009 food package change is associated with greater breastfeeding exclusivity; 4) low SOE that WIC breastfeeding support services are positively associated with initiation and duration. LIMITATIONS: Only observational studies, with substantial risk of bias and heterogeneity in outcomes and exposures. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS OF KEY FINDINGS: WIC participation is not associated with a difference in breastfeeding initiation compared to WIC-eligible nonparticipants, but the 2009 food package change may have improved breastfeeding exclusivity among WIC participants and receipt of breastfeeding support services may have improved breastfeeding initiation and duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The utility of telehealth services for lipid management remains understudied. • Telehealth has had a positive to neutral impact on improving lipid metrics. • Facilitators to telehealth include multidisciplinary care and patient-centeredness. • Technology dexterity and clinician reimbursement remain major barriers to telehealth. • Future interventions should emphasize a hybrid model of patient-centered care. Telehealth services have been implemented to deliver care for patients living with many chronic conditions and have expanded greatly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the current or future impacts of telehealth on lipid management practices. The PubMed database was searched from inception to June 25, 2021, with the keywords "lipids or cholesterol" and "telehealth," which yielded 376 published articles. Telehealth was defined as a synchronous visit between a patient and clinician that replaced an in-office appointment. Studies that solely used remote monitoring, mobile health technologies, or callbacks of results, were excluded. Articles must have measured lipid values. Review articles and protocol papers were not included. After evaluation, 128 abstracts were included for full text evaluation, with 55 full-text articles eventually included. Of the articles, 29 were randomized clinical trials, 15 were pre-post evaluations, and 11 were other study designs. Telehealth had positive to neutral impacts on lipid management. Reported facilitators include easier implementation of multidisciplinary approaches to care, and utilization of patient-centered programs. Reported barriers to telehealth services include technological barriers, such as various skill levels with technology; systems barriers, such as cost and reimbursement; patient-related barriers, including patient non-adherence; and clinician-related barriers, such as difficulty standardizing care. Clinicians reported improved satisfaction among patients but had mixed feelings regarding their ability to deliver quality care. Telemedicine use to provide care for individuals with lipid conditions has expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic, but more research is needed to determine its potential as a sustainable tool for lipid management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a global disease with at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese according to the world health organization figures. This paper aims to explore the links between obesity and mortality in COVID-19. Electronic search was made for the papers studying obesity as a risk factor for mortality following COVID-19 infection. Three authors independently selected the papers and agreed for final inclusion. The outcomes were the age, gender, body mass index, severe comorbidities, respiratory support and the critical illness related mortality in COVID-19. 572 publications were identified and 42 studies were selected including one unpublished study data. Only 14 studies were selected for quantitative analysis. All the primary points but the gender are significantly associated with COVID-19 mortality. The age >70, [odd ratio (OR): 0.17, CI; 95%, P-value: <0.00001], gender [OR: 0.89; CI: 95%, P-value: 0.32], BMI > 25 kg/m2 [OR: 3.68, CI: 95%, P-value: <0.003], severe comorbidities [OR: 1.84, CI:95%, P-value: <0.00001], advanced respiratory support [OR: 6.98, CI: 95%, P-value: <0.00001], and critical illness [OR: 2.03, CI: 95%, P-value: <0.00001]. Patients with obesity are at high risk of mortality from COVID-19 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A main mechanism of action proposed for oral probiotic supplementation is immunomodulation, which is expected to impart health benefits in the host by influencing circulating immune and inflammatory factors. To date, the effectiveness of probiotic supplementation for immunomodulation in healthy adults without disease has not been evaluated in a systematic review. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on circulating immune and inflammatory markers of healthy adults compared to placebo. PubMed, SCOPUS, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, and Cochrane databases were searched for English articles up to May 15, 2019. Additional papers were identified by checking references of relevant papers. Only randomized controlled trials studying the administration of probiotic supplements compared to placebo on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy adults (aged 18 to 65 years), without acute or chronic disease, and in generally good health were examined. Independent extraction of articles was conducted by two authors using predefined search terms and restrictions/filters. The methodologic quality of each study was appraised using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Library Quality Rating Worksheet and the body of evidence was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Grade Definitions and Conclusion Grading Table. Eighteen articles, including 819 subjects, met eligibility criteria and were included in the present systematic review. Five articles were rated neutral in quality and 13 were rated high in quality. Eight articles reported a significant effect on immune and/or inflammatory parameters including increases in natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes, and decreases in proinflammatory cytokine concentrations. Based on the 18 articles extracted in this systemic review, probiotic supplementation was concluded to have a limited effect on immune and inflammatory markers in healthy adults. Overall, the evidence was heterogenous, precluding a meta-analysis, and difficult to aggregate and conclude on effect size. PROSPERO ref CRD42018110856. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidtex Miq. is a well-known perennial herb that is used in traditional medicine in China, Japan and Korea. G. littoralis has the effects of treating the lungs with heat, nourishing yin and blood, and acting as an expectorant. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions containing G. littoralis have various clinical applications, such as clearing heat, relieving coughs, treating hepatic fibrosis, resolving phlegm, and treating esophagitis. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and productive review of G. littoralis , mainly including traditional application, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and quality control. Literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, CNKI, and WanFang DATA by using the keywords " Glehnia littoralis ", "Radix Glehniae", "Bei Shashen", "Clinical application", "Chemical composition", "Quality control" and "pharmacological action". In addition, information was collected from relevant ancient books, reviews, and documents (1980–2022). G. littoralis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with great clinical value and rich resources. More than 186 components, including coumarins, lignans, polyacetylenes, organic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, have been isolated and identified from G. littoralis. The pharmacological activities of more than half of these chemicals are yet unknown. Polyacetylenes and coumarins are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antiproliferative, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitussive, immune regulation and analgesic. In this study, the progress in chemical analysis of G. littoralis , including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS), and HPLC–MS, were summarized. In this paper reviewed the previous literature regarding ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, pharmacological, and quality evaluation of the processing of G. littoralis was reviewed, providing potential reference information for future investigation and clinical applications. However, research on the relationship between chemical constituents and traditional uses of G. littoralis is lacking, and the comprehensive pharmacological effects and mechanisms of G. littoralis require further detailed exploration. In addition, an efficient method for chemical profiling is still unavailable to obtain potent bioactive markers for quality control. Perfect quality standards, which are also the basis for further drug development of G. littoralis , are urgently needed to ensure its quality and clinical application. [Display omitted] • Glehnia littoralis is a widely utilized in Asian countries as herbal medicines. • This review updates the phytochemistry and pharmacological of G. littoralis. • Few systematic review of G. littoralis is available in the preceding literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dried and mature seeds of Strychnons pierriana A.W.Hill. have been called Strychnine Semen (S. Semen). It have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for nearly 400 years. In recent decades, scholars at home and abroad have widely used S. Semen in the treatment of tumor diseases, showing good anti-tumor effects. In this paper, the modern research achievements of S. Semen are reviewed, including traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology. In recent years, the research on S. Semen has increased gradually, especially the research on its anti-tumor. This paper not only reviewed the traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of S. Semen , but also comprehensively listed the mechanisms of Strychnos in the treatment of different tumors, providing a review for further research and development of Strychnos resources. A systematic review of the literature on Fuzi was performed using several resources, namely classic books on Chinese herbal medicine and various scientific databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases. The main constituents of S. Semen include alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and their glycosides. Modern studies have proved that S. Semen has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-thrombotic, myocardial cell protection, immune regulation, nerve excitation, and anti-tumor effects. Among them, the anti-tumor effect has been the focus of research in recent years. S. Semen have a certain therapeutic effect on many kinds of tumors, such as liver cancer, colon cancer, and stomach cancer in the digestive system, breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer in the reproductive system, myeloma and leukemia in the blood system, and those in the nervous system and the immune system. Strychnine has an inhibitory effect on a variety of tumors. However, modern studies of strychnine are incomplete, and more in-depth studies are needed on its stronger bioactive constituents and potential pharmacological effects. The antitumor effect of Strychnine is worth further exploration. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study reviewed forced family separation as the result of migration policies. • Forced family separation is linked to negative mental health outcomes for children. • Forced family separation is linked to adverse health among parents/caregivers. • There is racial and ethnic discrimination in punitive immigration policies. This paper aims to systematically look at the impacts of child separation from the primary caregiver as the result of migration policies from a racial and ethnic equity perspective. An online systematic search of Web of Science Core Collection, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts with keywords relevant to migration, family separation, and health outcomes was conducted in January 2022. The studies retrieved through the search were independently reviewed by two of the authors using the PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews and Covidence systematic review software. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 14 papers were included in the scoping review. We found that none of the studies were centered on a racial and ethnic equity framework. The reviewed studies showed that forced separation was associated with negative mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, emotional and behavioral problems, post-traumatic stress or post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disturbance, and stress among children. Similar adverse health outcomes were reported among caregivers. These negative mental health outcomes can have long-term and even generational impacts on the well-being and health of the communities in the U.S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• People with autoimmune neurological diseases can have language difficulties. • Language difficulties can be in production and comprehension. • Language difficulties can relate to specific language tasks. • Language difficulties may co-occur with specific brain damage. • Only a few studies administered standardized tests. Autoimmune neurological diseases (ANDs) are a specific type of autoimmune disease that affect cells within the central and peripheral nervous system. ANDs trigger various physical/neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, language impairments in people with ANDs are not well characterized. Here we aimed to determine the kinds of language impairment that most commonly emerge in 10 ANDs, the characteristics of the patients (demographic, neurological damage), and the assessment methods used. We followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). PubMed and Google Scholar were searched. We used a list of search terms containing 10 types of ANDs (e.g., multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) in combination with the terms aphasia, dysphasia, fluency, language, listening, morphology, phonology, pragmatics, reading, semantics, speaking, syntax, writing. The reference lists and citations of the relevant papers were also investigated. The type of AND, patient characteristics, neurological damage and examination technique, language tests administered, and main findings were noted for each study meeting the inclusion criteria. We found 171 studies meeting our inclusion criteria. These comprised group studies and case studies. Language impairments differed largely among types of ANDs. Neurological findings were mentioned in most of the papers, but specific language tests were rarely used. Language symptoms in people with ANDs are commonly reported. These are often not full descriptions or only focus on specific time points in the course of the disease. Future research needs to assess specific language functions in people with ANDs and relate their language impairments to brain damage at different stages of disease evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intuitive eating interventions aim to improve individual health and promote sustainable changes to one's relationship with food. However, there is no evidence-based consensus on the impact of intuitive eating interventions on diet quality. This systematic review aimed to investigate intuitive eating interventions and their impact on diet quality. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched to October 2021 for studies reporting interventions that encompassed the principles of intuitive eating and measured diet quality. Other health outcomes were used for secondary analysis. Findings were synthesized narratively. Seventeen papers reporting 14 intervention studies (n = 3,960) were included in the review. All studies found a positive or neutral effect on diet quality following an intuitive eating intervention. A favorable change in eating behavior following these interventions was also observed. Intuitive eating promotes an attunement to the body, which aids in improving diet quality because of increased awareness of physiological cues. The reduction of emotional and binge eating may also increase diet quality. Findings from the current review suggest that intuitive eating interventions are most effective face-to-face, in a group setting, and sustained for at least 3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Families of people entering and living in residential aged care settings have complex and dynamic bereavement care needs, and there is paucity of evidence-based bereavement support intervention, specifically focussed on this population. • The quality of care provided to an older person at the end of their life and after death care can influence family caregivers' grief reactions. • The aged care workforce should consider the complexities involved in decision-making strategies that support death preparedness and bereavement support as a part of care planning and provision. • There is a need for government agencies and research entities to work together in developing and implementing a comprehensive approach to grief, loss, and bereavement care, focussing on the residential aged care sector. The grief, loss and bereavement needs of the families of those living and dying in residential aged care setting is not very well understood. This systematic review examines grief, loss, and bereavement experience of, and interventions relating to, family caregivers of those entering, living and dying in residential aged care. Out of 2023 papers that were identified, 35 met the inclusion criteria which included (n=28) qualitative and (n=7) quantitative intervention studies. The qualitative findings indicated quality of care provided to the resident at the end of their life, and after death care influenced family caregivers' grief reactions. The intervention studies revealed that educational interventions have the potential to lead to some benefits in the context of grief loss and bereavement outcomes. Recognizing the emotional experiences and support needs of families and carers may enhance the understanding of the ageing, caring, dying, grieving pathway for older people and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sex differences: females had lower MMOS than males among healthy elderly individuals. • Age impact: MMOS decreases with age, indicating reduced mouth-opening strength. • Dysphagia impact: dysphagic individuals showed significantly lower MMOS compared to healthy elderly. • Data insufficiency : limited reliable data on mouth-opening strength across populations. • Research need: further studies are needed to understand mouth-opening performance. To characterize mouth-opening muscular performance (MOMP) in adults and elderly individuals with dysphagia and healthy controls. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to Jan. 26, 2023. Two independent researchers considered the titles, abstracts, and full texts of potentially eligible papers from 1451 search results. Twenty-five studies that evaluated mouth-opening maximal strength (MOMS) in healthy adults, elderly individuals, and patients with dysphagia met the inclusion criteria. We found comparable, reliable values with significant sex differences in maximal mouth opening strength (MMOS) in the meta-analysis for healthy elderly patients (females 5.31 ± 0.47 kg vs. males 7.04 ± 0.70 kg; mean difference of 0.84 kg). Age has also emerged as an essential factor in reducing strength. There was a significant reduction in the MMOS score in the only study that compared dysphagic individuals to healthy elderly individuals. In another study, the MMOS score was comparable to the meta-analysis of healthy elderly individuals. Both sex and age play significant roles in the MMOS. There is no reliable data on the normal mouth-opening strength and endurance of healthy adults, patients with dysphagia, or individuals with other relevant clinical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus, a widespread chronic illness, affects millions worldwide, and its incidence is increasing alarmingly, especially in developing nations. Current pharmacological treatments can be costly and have undesirable side effects. To address this, medicinal plants with antidiabetic effects, particularly targeting α-glucosidase for controlling hyperglycaemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hold promise for drug development with reduced toxicity and adverse reactions. This review aims to succinctly collect information about medicinal plant extracts that exhibit antidiabetic potential through α-glucosidase inhibition using acarbose as a standard reference in Southeast Asia. The characteristics of this inhibition are based on in vitro studies. Relevant information on medicinal plants in Southeast Asia, along with α-glucosidase inhibition studies using acarbose as a positive control, was gathered from various scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. About 49 papers were found from specific counties in Southeast Asia demonstrated notable α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of their medicinal plants, with several plant extracts showcasing activity comparable to or surpassing that of acarbose. Notably, 19 active constituents were identified for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. The findings underscore the antidiabetic potential of the tested medicinal plant extracts, indicating their promise as alternative treatments for T2DM. This review can aid in the development of potent therapeutic medicines with increased effectiveness and safety for the treatment of T2DM. [Display omitted] • Articles reporting on the antidiabetic potential of Southeast Asian-originated medicinal plants were reviewed. • Seventeen plants exerted strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC 50 value lower than 30 μg/mL, 50 ppm, or 10 μM). • Identified bioactive compounds (lupeol, α-mangostin, piceatannol, vitexin etc.) with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. • Southeast Asian medicinal plants could be a potential source for future antidiabetic drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by prostate enlargement due to cell proliferation, is a common urinary disorder in men over 50, manifesting as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Currently, several therapeutic options are accessible for treating BPH, including medication therapy, surgery and watchful waiting. Conventional drugs such as finasteride and dutasteride are used as 5α-reductase inhibitors for the treatment of BPH. However long-term use of these drugs is restricted due to their unpleasant side effects. Despite the range of available medical therapies, the effective treatment against BPH is still inadequate. Certain therapeutic plants and their phytochemicals have the aforementioned goals and work by regulating this enzyme. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight to advancements in diagnosis of BPH, modern treatment methods and the significance of ethnobotanically relevant medicinal plants as alternative therapeutics for managing BPH. A thorough and systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases and search engines such as PubMed, Web of Science, NCBI and SciFinder till October 2023. Specific keywords such as "benign prostatic hyperplasia", "medicinal plants", "phytochemicals", "pharmacology", "synergy", "ethnobotany", "5-alpha reductase", "alpha blocker" and "toxicology". By include these keywords, a thorough investigation of pertinent papers was assured, and important data about the many facets of BPH could be retrieved. After conducting the above investigation, 104 herbal remedies were found to inhibit Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibition, alpha-blockers, or 5α -reductase inhibition effects which are supported by in vitro , in vivo and clinical trial studies evidence. Of these, 89 plants have ethnobotanical significance as alpha-blockers, alpha-reductase inhibition, or PDE-5 inhibition, and the other fifteen plants were chosen based on their ability to reduce BPH risk factors. Several phytocompounds, including, rutaecarpine, vaccarin, rutin, kaempferol, β-sitosterol, quercetin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, rutaevin, and phytosterol-F have been reported to be useful for the management of BPH. The use of combination therapy offers a strong approach to treating long-term conditions compare to single plant extract drugs. Furthermore, several botanical combinations such as lycopene and curcumin, pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil, combinations of extracts from Funtumia africana (Benth.) Stapf and Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik., and Hypselodelphys poggeana (K.Schum.) Milne-Redh. and Spermacoce radiata (DC.) Sieber ex Hiern are also supported through in vitro and in vivo studies for managing BPH through recuperation in patients with chronic long-term illnesses, as measured by the International Prostate Symptom Score. The review proposes and endorses careful utilization of conventional medications that may be investigated further to discover possible PDE-5, 5 alpha-reductase, an alpha-blocker inhibitor for managing BPH. Even though most conventional formulations, such as 5 alpha-reductase, are readily available, systemic assessment of the effectiveness and mechanism of action of the herbal constituents is still necessary to identify novel chemical moieties that can be further developed for maximum efficacy. However, there exist abundant botanicals and medicinal plants across several regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas, which can be further studied and developed for utilization as a potential phytotherapeutic for the management of BPH. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review aimed to explore the interprofessional curriculum content and teaching approaches specific to wound care education in baccalaureate health courses internationally. Interprofessional education is defined as occurring when future health practitioners learn with, from and about each other with the goal of improving health outcomes. The management of wounds is a global public health issue with the World Health Organization recognising wound care is best managed by an interprofessional team. The preparedness of health professional graduates to engage in interprofessional education is essential to design and deliver coordinated health services that are person-centred and improve health outcomes. There is a lack of evidence however about how to prepare baccalaureate students in an interprofessional context, specifically in wound care. A scoping review was conducted using the framework of Arksey and O'Malley and reported using the PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in MEDLINE (via EBSCOhost), CINAHL PLUS (via EBSCOhost), Pubmed and Embase databases published between 2012 and October 2023. Reference lists of included studies were also searched. Studies which were peer reviewed, written in English with a focus on interprofessional education in wound care were included in the review. The process of reviewing titles and abstracts was conducted by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted, key characteristics mapped and a narrative analysis of findings was reported. Three studies were included in this review. All the reviewed papers reported collaborative learning activities between different health professional groups relating to wound care, although there was no consistent approach to what wound care content was delivered or how it was delivered. Only one study reported that the delivery of content was completed by staff from multiple professional groups. Evaluation of the included studies related to either the effectiveness of the interprofessional education or wound care rather than both concepts. Due to the limited number of studies included in this review, it was difficult to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of interprofessional approaches to wound care. It may be possible that interprofessional wound care is currently being undertaken but not formally evaluated. This itself is problematic. It is imperative to equip healthcare students with the knowledge and skills necessary to provide safe, effective interprofessional care. Evidence on the effectiveness of educational programs is urgently needed. to be included in abstract after acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances our theoretical understanding of online service delivery with regard to live chat technology. Online customer support via live chat offers customers a way in which they can interact with service personnel in the online environment. Through the use of an online questionnaire and conducting structural equation modelling, the aim of this research is to understand the variables directly influencing the use of a live chat function with a customer service representative during use of a website. The findings outline eight variables that motivate the use of live chat, accounting for 71% explained variance. The research illustrates the variables influencing such use is dependent on the context for initiating the chat discussion, namely for search/navigation support or decision support. This paper offers key managerial implications, highlighting the importance of offering customers a live chat function and why website users are motivated to use live chat. The paper illustrates the role of online live chat as a service recovery tool and a service feedback tool. • Live Chat serves as a service recovery tool and a service feedback tool. • Negative experiences motivate the use of live chat. • 8 variables motivate the use of live chat, accounting for 71% explained variance. • Variables influencing the use of live chat is dependent on the purpose of use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effect of nonpharmaceutical treatments on outcomes for multiple sclerosis (MS). The CINAHL, Mantis, Medline, PEDro, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched. Final papers meeting inclusion criteria were scored with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database for quality and included in a meta-analysis. Forty papers in the meta-analysis totaled 1673 participants. The interventions were grouped into 6 subcategories: physical activity, technology, rehabilitation, alternative, resistance training, and psychological. The combined effect of interventions produced a large overall effect size for the outcome fatigue; medium effect sizes for functionality, balance, and quality of life; and no effect on pain or spasticity. Physical activity had the greatest effect, improving fatigue, function, and balance. Rehabilitation and resistance training had a large effect on functionality. Comparatively, psychological approaches had only a small effect on improving quality of life. Sample sizes of included papers tended to be small with large variability in design. Therefore, results should be interpreted cautiously. Our results suggest there may be effective nonpharmaceutical treatment options available that can improve the symptoms of fatigue, poor functionality, balance, and quality of life. We found that physical activity, alternative approaches, rehabilitation, and resistance training were effective for improving the management of a number of MS symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally there are mounting concerns about nurses' job satisfaction because of its pivotal role in nurse turnover and the quality of care of patients. To identify a more comprehensive and extensive knowledge of the job satisfaction of qualified general nurses working in acute care hospitals and its associated factors drawing upon empirical literature published in the last five years. Literature review. A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted in PubMed (2012–2017), Web of Science (2012–2017), CINAHL (2012–2017), Embase (2012–2017), PsycINFO (2012–2017) and the Applied Social Sciences Index (2012–2017), CNKI (2012–2017), WanFang (2012–2017), SinoMed (2012–2017) and VIP (2012–2017) to retrieve relevant articles published in both English and Chinese between January 2012 and October 2017. Key terms and phrases associated with job satisfaction, occupational stress, professional commitment, role conflict and role ambiguity were utilized in the subject search in combination with nurses following guidelines for searching the OVID interface. The abstracts or full texts of research papers were reviewed prior to their inclusion in the review according to inclusion criteria and quality assessment using the Strobe guidelines. A total of 59 papers were included in this review. The impact of job satisfaction upon sickness absence, turnover intention, as well as the influencing factors of job satisfaction such as working shift and leadership, job performance, organizational commitment, effort and reward style has been identified in a number of research studies yielding equivocal findings. Job satisfaction of hospital nurses is closely related to work environment, structural empowerment, organizational commitment, professional commitment, job stress, patient satisfaction, patient-nurse ratios, social capital, evidence-based practice and ethnic background. Various mediating or moderating pathways have been identified with nurses' job satisfaction being mediated by various factors. It is vital to increase nurses' job satisfaction because this has the potential both to improve patients' perceptions of care quality and ensure an adequate nursing workforce. The indirect relationships and predictors of job satisfaction contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex phenomenon of job satisfaction, which in turn may aid the development of effective strategies to address the nursing shortage and increase the quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To review the current evidence on the relationship between specialty nurse certification and outcomes. A structured and comprehensive systematic review was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework to include both published research studies and expert opinion papers. Four electronic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsychINFO were searched between 2000 and 2018. The search for expert opinion papers included nursing organizations, OaLster, Grey Literature Report, and The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. The records generated through the search were exported to EndNote X8 and duplicates were removed. Title and abstracts of the records were screened by three reviewers for eligibility using the selection criteria. In the absence of an abstract, records were retained for full text review. Full text assessment of each paper was conducted by two reviewers with a third referee, if necessary, to review any discrepancies. In the case of multiple articles drawing on one set of primary data, only one article was included. A review of each article was completed using the JBI Quality Appraisal checklists to assess internal and external reliability and validity. Both quality appraisal and data extraction were conducted by the review team independently and were validated by one other member of the team. Discrepancies were resolved through rigorous discussion between the reviewers. Forty one original research studies were included in the final analysis of the literature. The findings from the included articles were synthesized into three major categories and subsequent sub-categories: Patient outcomes, nurse outcomes and organizational outcomes. Twenty seven findings contributed to the sub-category of specialty nurse certification and patient outcomes. Patient outcomes were further classified into nurse sensitive outcomes, patient mortality and patient satisfaction. Fifty-four findings related to nurse outcomes with the sub-categories: personal and professional factors, knowledge and skills, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, empowerment and confidence. Six findings related to organizational benefits: including the sub-categories of nursing turnover and vacancy rates, perception of healthcare, and costs to the organization. The current model risks driving further proliferation of specialty certifications and certifying organizations without questioning the assumptions underlying the goals of certification. The challenges of measuring impact and the cost and value to individual nurses and healthcare organizations are key areas for consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Maintenance engineers deal with increasingly complex automated production systems, characterized by increasing computerization or the addition of robots that collaborate with human workers. The effects of changing or replacing components are difficult to assess since there are complex interdependencies between process parameters and components. The introduction of models that describe such dependencies into training systems could support the understanding of these interdependencies and the formation of a correct mental model of a maintenance procedure and the machine and thereby improve the training success. This paper proposes a model-based training system that introduces domain-independent SysML models that formalize such dependencies. The training system consists of a virtual training system for initial training and an online support system for assistance during the procedures. The on- and offline training systems visualize the state of the machine at a certain step of the procedure using structural SysML models. An evaluation of the system against a paper-based manual validated the motivations and showed promising results regarding effectiveness, usability and attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize retracted studies within the field of radiation oncology.Methods and Materials: Computerized searches were performed in Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to May 2017 looking for retracted studies using the terms "retraction note," "retracted note," "withdrawn" and "radiotherapy," and "radiation oncology." Additional studies were identified by hand-searching 10 discipline-specific journals. Two authors independently screened papers and then extracted author demographics, journal characteristics, and retraction-specific variables.Results: Of the 58 studies identified, the most common reasons for retraction were misconduct (43%), methodological error (21%), authorship issues (5%), unknown causes (5%), and journal (administrative) errors (3%). A total of 13 systematic reviews or protocols (22%) were withdrawn from the Cochrane Library for being out-of-date or redundant. All but one retracted study and retraction notice were available in portable document format. Of the 57 retrieved papers, 79% were identified as retracted via in-text notations or watermarks. Overall median time to retraction was 44 months (interquartile range, 11-98 months). However, 42 studies (72%) were still cited after retraction notices were published.Conclusions: A retracted study within the field of radiation oncology remains a relatively uncommon event. Although promising, our data suggest that the majority of these retracted articles continue to be cited as valid research. As such, there is still a need for clinicians to remain vigilant with their academic rigor and good clinical research practices. There is an urgent need for publication houses to foster universal publishing standards along with discipline-specific retraction guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although impairments in dorso-lumbar spine mobility have been previously reported in patients with low back pain, its exact mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate and compare spinal kinematics between subjects with and without low back pain and identify appropriate tools to evaluate it. The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature. The search strategy was mainly focused on studies investigating lumbar kinematics in subjects with and without low back pain during clinical functional tests, gait, sports and daily functional activities. Papers were selected if at least one of these outputs was reported: lumbar range of motion, lumbar velocity, lumbar acceleration and deceleration, lordosis angle or lumbar excursion. Among 804 papers, 48 met the review eligibility criteria and 29 were eligible to perform a meta-analysis. Lumbar range of motion was the primary outcome measured. A statistically significant limitation of the lumbar mobility was found in low back pain group in all planes, and in the frontal and transverse planes for thoracic range of motion, but there is no significant limitation for pelvic mobility. The amount of limitation was found to be more important in the lumbar sagittal plane and during challenging functional activities in comparison with simple activities. The findings of this review provide insight into the impact of low back pain on spinal kinematics during specific movements, contributing to our understanding of this relationship and suggesting potential clinical implications. • Low back pain limits lumbar mobility, especially during sagittal flexion. • Measurements beyond the range of motion can be relevant to study spinal kinematics. • Low back pain limits lumbar motion more in high effort than light activities. • Low back pain minimally affects thoracic and pelvic mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scant research has centred on the wellbeing of librarians. This paper seeks to answer how do librarians in the Higher Education sector describe their wellbeing, including what enables and impacts it? An Adapted Interactive Model of Research Design (AIRD) (adapted from Maxwell, 2009) was used together with Contributive Research Method (Puig et al., 2018). Data was collected during an online satellite event where 97 people from 34 institutions in three countries participated, from which 57 contributed data to the study through a workshop presentation on maintaining wellbeing. During the online interactive workshop, data was gathered in a contributory a manner, using embedded digital tools Mentimeter, and Hypothes.is. Higher Education librarians in the study aligned with Diener's (1984) conceptualisation of subjective wellbeing when defining wellbeing. Data also surfaced a shared understanding of subjective wellbeing, and identification of impactors and enablers to the wellbeing of librarians in the Higher Education Sector. The study surfaced two key findings: firstly six enablers to wellbeing were identified; and secondly, the wellbeing of Higher Education sector librarians is heavily impacted by work intensification. The voices of librarians in the Higher Education sector have surfaced the need for inclusive wellbeing programs and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Dehydration in the older people is a prevalent problem that is often associated with physiological changes, physical limitations and environmental conditions. Objectives The scoping review was carried out to identify risk factors associated with dehydration in older people living in nursing homes. Design The revised scoping methodology framework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005) was applied. Study selection was carried out in accordance with Davis et al. (2009) and focused on the inclusion criteria (people over 65 years old and living in nursing homes). Risk factors were classified using the geriatric assessment. Data sources An electronic database search was performed in PubMed, Scopus and CINAHL. The literature search was carried out between October 2016 and January 2017. Review methods Thematic reporting was performed and study findings were validated through interdisciplinary meetings of experts. The quality of the papers consulted was also evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies. Results In all, 16 papers were analysed, all of which were observational studies. The risk of bias ranged from very low (n = 1), to medium (n = 13) and high (n = 2). The risk factors were classified in line with the different components of the geriatric assessment. In the socio-demographic characteristics age and gender were identified. In the clinical component, infections, renal and cardiovascular diseases and end-of-life situations were the most common factors highlighted in the papers analysed. With reference to the functional component, its limitation was associated with dehydration, while for factors of mental origin, it was related to dementia and behavioural disorders. Finally, the factors relating to the social component were institutionalisation, requiring a skilled level of care and it being winter. Conclusions The most commonly repeated factors highlighted in the review were age, gender, infections, end of life and dementia, with it being important to highlight the large number of factors in the clinical component. Even so, the great majority of the factors were unmodifiable conditions associated typically associated with the physiology of ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Piperaceae is the fifth largest family of plants in Panama. This review focuses on the ethnomedical uses of the most prevalent Panamanian species and biological activities of their extracts and/or constituents both in Panama and worldwide. Many species have a plethora of ethnomedical uses such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti- Helicobacter pylori, antiulcer, antiprotozoal, estrogenic, insecticidal, local anesthetic, diuretic, and for women's health conditions. Aim of the review The aim of this review is to compile all ethnomedical uses of most prevalent species of Piper in Panama, and their extracts or phytoconstituents worldwide, through a complete literature search, so that it may allow selection of potential unexplored Piper species for future research and development of phytotherapeuticals for important ailments. Methodology This review conducted a thorough search in books and databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci-Finder, Scopus, ACS publications, Science Direct, and Reaxys (Elsevier), until October of 2017. The information provided in this review is based on peer-reviewed papers only in English. The key words used to search were: “ Piper ”, “Piperaceae”, “Panama”, “Pharmacological activity”, “Chemistry,” “Toxicity,” and “Clinical studies”. Scientific names of the plants were validated through www.tropicos.org . Potential full-texts of eligible papers, irrespective of database, were identified. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by one author (AIS) and confirmed by others (MPG, ADA). The extracted data were summarized in tabular form and a narrative description was used to provide a summary of updated information. Results The ethnomedical uses of most prevalent 23 Panamanian species of Piper both in Panama as well in the world are provided. Of these species only Piper arboreum , Piper auritum , Piper cordulatum , Piper hispidum , Piper dariense , Piper multiplinervium and Piper umbellatum have ethnomedical uses in Panama. Some of the uses are by native Amerindians of Panama. These include ailments such as liver pains, common colds, skin infections, insecticidal, as a bath to alleviate colds, snakebites, different types of pains, skin ailments, wound healing, rheumatism, women's health, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory. Other Panamanian species are widely used in many countries of the world. Of all the Piper species, P. aduncum has the most ethnomedical uses. Panamanian uses are different from the ones in other countries. A total of 61 compounds present in Piper species reported in this review have shown a variety of biological activities in vitro. These compounds belong to different chemical types, such as chromenes, amides, alkaloids, benzopyrans, benzoates, essential oils, pyrrolidines, flavokaines, chalcones, methylenedioxy propiophenones, cinnamates, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenols, among others. From this review it is evident that extracts and pure compounds isolated from Piper species have shown a wide array of mainly in vitro activity and some ethnomedical uses may be correlated with their activities reported. Conclusions Plants of this genus have provided bioactive species, both from crude extracts and pure compounds thus substantiating their efficacy in traditional medicine. In vivo and toxicological studies are still limited, but the results of different activities of Piper reported point out the great potential of these species for obtaining bioactive principles that may be useful in treating diseases. However, a thorough investigation of Piper species relating to chemistry, in vivo pharmacological activities, with emphasis on their mechanism of action, safety and efficacy and toxicity is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Analyze and synthesize the research evidence to understand the reproductive decisions made by women living with HIV from the beginning of the epidemic to the present. Evaluate the barriers and the facilitators for reproductive decision-making. Identify areas of strength, improvement, and those requiring further research. Design and data sources Systematic review following the PRISMA guideline. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, SocINDEX, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from 1985 to 2016 using the following Keywords: HIV, AIDS, pregnancy, reproduction, and decision-making. Study selection A total of 42 research papers were included in this review. Initially, 1563 papers were identified for the review by database (n = 1544) and hand (n = 19) searches. With three review levels, 1521 papers were excluded (title review, n = 1272; abstract review, n = 136; and full paper review, n = 113). Studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals using both quantitative and qualitative methods and addressing reproductive decisions in women living with HIV were included. Thirdly, inclusion eligibility was assessed by title, abstract, and full text. Review methods Random allocation conducted by the primary researcher assigned an equal number of papers to each researcher for review, including detailed instructions with an abstraction form. Discrepancies were resolved by two researchers. Research quality was assessed using the NCHBL Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for the qualitative studies and its version for systematic reviews Results The review included 42 papers, both quantitative (n = 24) and qualitative methods (n = 14). Most studies were completed by physicians (n = 16) or nurses (n = 15). More than two-thirds of the studies were performed in urban settings with predominantly African-American women (n = 27). Eight factors were identified as influencing the reproductive decision-making process in women living with HIV: ‘Socio-demographic, Health status and Pregnancy’, ‘Religion and spirituality’, ‘Beliefs and Attitudes about Antiretroviral Therapy’, ‘Healthcare providers’, ‘Significant others’, ‘Motherhood and fulfillment’, ‘Fear of perinatal infection and infection of partner(s)’, ‘Birth control and pregnancy management’. Conclusions Health care providers are not providing patient-centered care by applying scientific evidence to their practice when advising women with HIV in making reproductive decisions. Despite the strong evidence indicating pregnancy for women with HIV results in a safe birthing trajectory, one not likely to jeopardize the health of the either the mother or fetus, providers continue to recommend the women with HIV avoid pregnancy and neglect to invite partners to participate in the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Having support from an informal carer is important for heart failure patients. Carers have the potential to improve patient self-care. At the same time, it should be acknowledged that caregiving could affect the carer negatively and cause emotional reactions of burden and stress. Dyadic (patient and informal carer) heart failure self-care interventions seek to improve patient self-care such as adherence to medical treatment, exercise training, symptom monitoring and symptom management when needed. Currently, no systematic assessment of dyadic interventions has been conducted with a focus on describing components, examining physical and delivery contexts, or determining the effect on patient and/or carer outcomes. Objective To examine the components, context, and outcomes of dyadic self-care interventions. Design A systematic review registered in PROSPERO, following PRISMA guidelines with a narrative analysis and realist synthesis. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched using MeSH, EMTREE terms, keywords, and keyword phrases for the following concepts: dyadic, carers, heart failure and intervention. Eligible studies were original research, written in English, on dyadic self-care interventions in adult samples. Review methods We used a two-tiered analytic approach including both completed studies with power to determine outcomes and ongoing studies including abstracts, small pilot studies and protocols to forecast future directions. Results Eighteen papers – 12 unique, completed intervention studies (two quasi- and ten experimental trials) from 2000 to 2016 were reviewed. Intervention components fell into three groups – education, support, and guidance. Interventions were implemented in 5 countries, across multiple settings of care, and involved 3 delivery modes – face to face, telephone or technology based. Dyadic intervention effects on cognitive, behavioral, affective and health services utilization outcomes were found within studies. However, findings across studies were inconclusive as some studies reported positive and some non-sustaining outcomes on the same variables. All the included papers had methodological limitations including insufficient sample size, mixed intervention effects and counter-intuitive outcomes. Conclusions We found that the evidence from dyadic interventions to promote heart failure self-care, while growing, is still very limited. Future research needs to involve advanced sample size justification, innovative solutions to increase and sustain behavior change, and use of mixed methods for capturing a more holistic picture of effects in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morinda officinalis How is called "Ba-Ji-Tian" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which belongs to the genus Rubiaceae and is widely used for medicinal purposes in China and other eastern Asian countries. Morinda officinalis How polysaccharides (MOPs) are one of the key bioactive components, and have a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidation, antifatigue, enhanced immunity, antiosteoporosis, ect. This review is aimed at providing comprehensive information of the latest preparation technologies, structural characterization, and pharmacological effects of MOPs. A more in-depth research on the structure and clinical pharmacology of the MOPs was explored. It could lay a foundation for further investigate the pharmacological activities and guide the safe clinical practice of MOPs. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scifinder, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang database, and other online database are used to search and collect the literature on extraction and separation methods, structural characterization, and pharmacological activities of MOPs publisher from 2004 to 2023. The key words are " Morinda officinalis polysaccharides", "extraction", "isolation", "purification" and "pharmacological effects". Morinda officinalis has been widely used in tonifying the kidney yang since ancient times, and is famous for one of the "Four Southern Medicines" in China for the treatment of depression, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, infertility, fatigue and Alzheimer's disease. The active ingredients of Morinda officinalis that have been researched on the treatment of depression and osteoporosis are mostly polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. The content of polysaccharides varies with different methods of extraction, separation and purification. MOPs have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antifatigue, immunomodulatory, antiosteoporosis, and regulation of spermatogenesis activities. These pharmacological properties lay a foundation for the treatment of oxidative stress, osteoporosis, spermatogenic dysfunction, immunodeficiency, inflammation and other diseases with MOPs. At present, MOPs have been applied in the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy, varicocele, osteoporosis, because of its effects of enhancing immunity, improving reproduction and antioxidant. However, the structure-activity relationship of these effects are still not clear. The more deeply study could be conducted on the MOPs in the future. The toxicology and clinical pharmacology, as well as mechanism of action of MOPs were also needed to deeply studied and clarified. This paper could lay the foundation for the application and safety of MOPs in multifunctional foods and drugs. [Display omitted] • The extraction, separation, purification, characterization, pharmacological activities of MOPs were comprehensive summarized. • The existing problems associated with MOPs and the key direction of future research were also summarized. • This review could lay the foundation for the application and safety of MOPs in functional foods and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most prior work on online reviews assumes that the value of reviews for consumers lies only in providing information about the product or the consumer's experience with the product. Yet, consumers also post and interact with pseudo-reviews, defined as reviews that describe exaggerated product experiences while trying to be entertaining. To address the nature and consequences of pseudo-reviews, this study develops a framework for understanding their value and how they affect consumer decision-making. First, we define how pseudo-reviews differ from other types of reviews. Then, we empirically examine how pseudo-reviews moderate the relationship between online review valence (how positive or negative the review is) and purchase intention. Finally, using a dual-processing theoretical lens, we examine how pseudo-reviews affect consumer decision-making through systematic and affective processing. We test our model through two experiments. The first study finds that pseudo-reviews reduce the impact of review valence on purchase intention when compared to genuine reviews. The second study shows that pseudo-reviews affect uncertainty and amusement, and these, in turn, affect purchase intention. We discuss the implications of pseudo-reviews for theory and practice. • Previous studies on online reviews often ignore the amusement value of online reviews. • The paper focuses on pseudo-reviews and develops a framework to understand their influence on consumer decisions. • For positive reviews, pseudo-reviews decrease the positive effect of review valence on purchase intention. • Pseudo-reviews affect consumer decisions by increasing both uncertainty and amusement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sambucus williamsii Hance, belonging to the Sambucus L. family (Viburnaceae), possesses medicinal properties in its roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It is recognized for its ability to facilitate bone reunion, enhance blood circulation, remove stasis, and dispel wind and dampness. This traditional Chinese medicine holds significant potential for development and practical use. Hence, this paper offers an in-depth review of S. williamsii , covering traditional uses, processing guidelines, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics, aiming to serve as a reference for its further development and utilization. Information for this study was gathered from various books, bibliographic databases, and literature sources such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu Scholar, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data. Phytochemical investigations have identified approximately 238 compounds within the root bark, stem branches, leaves, and fruits of S. williamsii. These compounds encompass flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenols, phenolic glycosides, and other chemical constituents, with phenylpropanoids being the most prevalent. S. williamsii exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects, particularly in promoting osteogenesis and fracture healing. This comprehensive review delves into the traditional uses, processing guidelines, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of S. williamsii. It provides valuable insights into this plant, which will prove beneficial for future research involving S. williamsii. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Google Trends reports the evolution of the popularity of internet searches. Its main output is the Search Volume Index (SVI), a relative measure of the popularity of a term computed using a sample of the searches. Due to the sampling, the SVI series are not entirely consistent, as the same query produces different results that can widely change from day to day. This paper investigates the nature of these inconsistencies by modeling and simulating the data-generating process. Simulations are applied to describe how a typical time series is distorted due to the sampling process and to quantify how averaging extractions smoothes the series. Finally, a relationship between term popularity, series dispersion, and the averaged extractions is derived, so recommendations for constructing consistent SVIs can be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment and prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was affected by the occurrence of cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT). Yiqi Buxue prescriptions were a class of traditional single or compounded formulations that have become a consensus for NSCLC. There was no clear information and or summary available for Yiqi Buxue prescriptions combined with adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC in reducing CTR-CVT. To systematically evaluate the Yiqi Buxue prescriptions combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in reducing CTR-CVT for patients with NSCLC. Search strategies were developed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed and WanFang Data from database inception date to October 2022. The methodological quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias (ROBs) assessment tool, and the meta-analysis was analyzed using RevMan 5.3. A total of 9 studies were included. Compared with the adjuvant chemotherapy group, Yiqi Buxue prescriptions combined with adjuvant chemotherapy group showed no statistically significant in reducing CTR-CVT (RR 0.67, 95%CI 0.11 to 3.93, P = 0.65) and in CD4+/CD8+(MR 0.32, 95%CI -0.13 to 0.77, P = 0.16). However, it significantly improved the objective response rate (ORR) (RR 1.57, 95%CI 1.32 to 1.87, P < 0.00001), disease control rate (DCR) (RR 1.25, 95%CI 1.15 to 1.35, P < 0.00001), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) improvement rate (RR 1.34, 95%CI 1.16 to 1.55, P < 0.0001), CD3+ (MR 4.17, 95%CI 3.68 to 4.66, P < 0.00001), CD4+ (MR 4.87, 95%CI 4.28 to 5.46, P < 0.00001), and CD8+ (MR 3.12, 95%CI 2.57 to 3.67, P < 0.00001). The current RCTs are hampered by small sample sizes and poor methodological quality. More rigorously designed and large sample RCTs with primary outcome of CTR-CVT are needed to investigate the effectiveness of Yiqi Buxue prescriptions combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in reducing CTR-CVT for patients with NSCLC. [Display omitted] • This paper is the first systematic evaluation of the effect of Yiqi Buxue prescriptions in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy on CTR-CVT in NSCLC patients. • Nine RCTs involving 952 patients were included in this meta-analysis. • Current RCTs are simultaneously limited by small sample sizes and poor methodological quality. • More RCTS with CTR-CVT as the primary outcome should be conducted in the future. • More sufficient patients and rigorously designed explanatory RCTs are needed to investigate Yiqi Buxue prescriptions combined with adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of CTR-CVT in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]