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Gelatin-polysaccharide interactions have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their profound effects on the properties (rheology and structure) of various food products. This study investigates the interaction between Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) and gelatin, focusing on the impact of different concentrations LBP (0–2.0%, w/v) on gelation behavior, water mobility, and gelatin structure. The results show that the addition of LBP initially increases and then decreases the gel strength and hardness of the gelatin. Incorporating LBP into gelatin leads to decreased brightness, gelling temperature (T g), gelation rate (k gel), immobile water content, and residue, while increasing the redness, yellowness, bound and free water content, and thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffractometer (XRD), cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses provide evidence for the existence of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and ionic bond interactions between LBP and gelatin, in addition to covalent bonds formed through the Maillard reaction. Moreover, LBP induces changes in the structure of gelatin, including alterations in secondary structure, crystalline structure, and microstructure. AFM observations further indicate that LBP promotes the formation of gelatin aggregates. These findings present promising avenues for the application of LBP-gelatin composite gels as novel materials in the food industries. [Display omitted] • Gelation behaviors and structural changes reveal LBP-gelatin interaction. • LBP-induced changes in gelatin's water mobility. • Incorporation of LBP enhances thermal stability of gelatin. • Modification of gelatin structure by LBP confirmed by FTIR, XRD, Cryo-SEM, and AFM. • LBP-gelatin interaction: Hydrogen bonds, electrostatic and ionic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) is a well-established antimalarial drug that has received considerable attention during the COVID-19 associated pneumonia epidemic. Gelatin is a multifunctional biomacromolecule with pharmaceutical applications and can be used to deliver HCQ. The effect of HCQ on the gelation behaviors, water mobility, and structure of gelatin was investigated to understand the interaction between the drug and its delivery carrier. The gel strength, hardness, gelling (T g) and melting (T m) temperatures, gelation rate (k gel), and water mobility of gelatin decreased with increasing amounts of HCQ. The addition of HCQ led to hydrogen bonding that interfered with triple helix formation in gelatin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis further confirmed that the interaction between HCQ and gelatin is primarily through hydrogen bonding. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that higher content of HCQ resulted in more and larger aggregates in gelatin. These results provide not only an important understanding of gelatin for drug delivery design but also a basis for the studying interactions between a drug and its delivery carrier. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) is a well-established antimalarial drug that has received considerable attention during the COVID-19 associated pneumonia epidemic. Gelatin is a multifunctional biomacromolecule with pharmaceutical applications and can be used to deliver HCQ. The effect of HCQ on the gelation behaviors, water mobility, and structure of gelatin was investigated to understand the interaction between the drug and its delivery carrier. The gel strength, hardness, gelling (T g) and melting (T m) temperatures, gelation rate (k gel), and water mobility of gelatin decreased with increasing amounts of HCQ. The addition of HCQ led to hydrogen bonding that interfered with triple helix formation in gelatin. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis further confirmed that the interaction between HCQ and gelatin is primarily through hydrogen bonding. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that higher content of HCQ resulted in more and larger aggregates in gelatin. These results provide not only an important understanding of gelatin for drug delivery design but also a basis for the studying interactions between a drug and its delivery carrier. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Single-scan high-efficiency cleaning of the rubber curing die with non-uniformly deposited contaminants was achieved. • Laser cleaning of the net cracks on the chromium layer of the die was firstly investigated. • The cleaning mechanism of different thickness contaminants was systematically analysed. Removal of rubber contaminants from chrome-plated die with slots was studied using an acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG nanosecond pulsed laser with an average power of 100 W. The contaminants deposited non-uniformly on the die can be distinguished as rubber particles with a nominal diameter of 10 μm, located mainly in the plane region (PR), while a thick rubber layer up to 50 μm can be discovered in the slot region (SR). Results show that, by positive defocusing the laser with single pulse energy density of 0.97 J/cm2 and adding the argon gas, single-scan high-efficiency cleaning of the slots could be achieved, and the net cracks on the chromium layer could be cleaned too. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to investigate the surface of the die before and after cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]