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The solid-fuel rotating detonation engine with gas generator is experimentally studied in this paper. This study solved the problems of ignition and stable detonation of pre-combustion gasification injection. The feasibility of solid pre-combustion rotating detonation is verified. A set of gas generators was designed and ignition tests were carried out. The detonation wave velocity is about 2625 m/s in the stable stage, which is about 20% higher than that generated by hydrogen/oxygen detonation. A maximum thrust of 69 N is obtained. Stable detonation pressure signal was obtained in our experiments. It is found that the detonation wave has experienced four stages in the formation process: deflagration, deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) process, galloping detonation, and stable detonation. In the stable detonation stage, coexistence of detonation waves with different strength is identified by high-speed photography images. • The feasibility of solid pre-combustion rotating detonation is verified. • The detonation wave velocity measured in the experiment is 2625 m/s. • The maximum thrust measured in the experiment is 69 N. • The detonation wave has experienced four stages in the formation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The proposed theoretical formula can effectively predict the critical wrinkling behavior of the inflated tube under pure bending. • The model considers the attenuation of the wrinkle amplitude in the circumferential direction. • Dimensionless geometric parameter h / R and internal pressure parameter p / E influence the critical wrinkling behavior. Inflatable tubes, owing to their lightweight and foldable characteristics, have important applications in soft robots and space expandable structures. The application of a bending load to the inflated tube might induce local instability on its compressed side, leading to the formation of wrinkles that could potentially compromise the structural strength. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the wrinkling behavior exhibited by inflated tubes under bending load. Initially, a theoretical solution is developed for the critical wrinkling behavior of inflated tubes under pure bending, drawing upon the principle of minimum potential energy. According to the energy expression of the system, the critical wrinkling behavior of inflated tubes depends on dimensionless geometrical and internal pressure parameters. The critical wrinkling load and wrinkle pattern of the system are influenced by the thickness-radius ratio and the ratio of internal air pressure to Young's modulus. Subsequently, the theoretical solutions are validated through several finite element analysis examples and a systematic investigation is conducted into the influence of dimensionless geometrical and internal pressure parameters. Finally, the evolution of morphology in post-buckling is investigated through numerical results. The findings suggest that during post-buckling, the wrinkles may undergo a secondary bifurcation and evolve into a non-axisymmetric diamond-like pattern. These results hold significant implications for understanding the bending instability and failure mechanisms of inflated tubes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(a) The preparation process of composite materials (AmCs@ZIF-8); (b) The active sites and optimization process of Cu(II) and CR adsorption by composite materials (AmCs@ZIF-8) were analyzed by DFT theory; (c) Adsorption mechanism and properties of composites (AmCs@ZIF-8) compared with original materials. [Display omitted] • Developed novel hierarchical multi-site composite AmCs@ZIF-8. • The synergistic effect between AmCs and ZIF-8 enhanced the adsorbent performance. • The active sites and the mechanism of adsorption on the composite AmCs@ZIF-8 are unraveled by theoretical and experimental analysis. • Highly effective adsorption of Cu(II) and Congo Red (CR). In this study, we employed a straightforward in-situ synthesis strategy to fabricate multi-site adsorption functional composites known as aminated chitosan@ZIF-8 (AmCs@ZIF-8) for the efficient removal of Cu(II) and Congo red. The AmCs@ZIF-8 adsorbed Cu(II) at pH 5 and Congo red at pH 3 with excellent removal efficiency values of 94 % and 100 % respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) and Congo red are obtained as 785 mg g−1 and 1156 mg g−1, respectively. Interestingly, AmCs@ZIF-8 composites exhibited an excellent removal efficiency (>80 %) after reusing them for four sequential cycles. Analysis of the adsorption isotherm and kinetic data indicated that chemisorption primarily governed the adsorption of Cu(II) and Congo red by AmCs@ZIF-8. Furthermore, we elucidated the adsorption energy of Cu(II) and Congo red on the AmCs@ZIF-8 composite through density functional theory. Specifically, the adsorption energy values for Cu(II) with AmCs and ZIF-8 were −20.907 and −57.809 kcal·mol−1, and −26.514 and −16.242 kcal·mol−1 for Congo red, respectively. The efficient adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) and Congo red on the AmCs@ZIF-8 composite can be attributed to the synergistic effects of chelation, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and hydrogen bonding through the analysis of experimental characterization and theoretical calculation. Therefore, AmCs@ZIF-8 composites elevate the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) and Congo red in a single-component system and exhibit high removal efficiency (>90 %) in the context of the Cu(II)-Congo red binary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • K/B × N arthritis model-derived sera and synovial fluid can stimulate NETs formation. • GMSCs inhibit both peripheral and synovial NETs formation by secreting manner. • GMSCs suppress NETs formation via PGE2-PKA-ERK signaling pathway. • GMSCs ameliorate arthritis by suppressing NETs formation. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease with limited treatment success, characterized by chronic inflammation and progressive cartilage and bone destruction. Accumulating evidence has shown that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by activated neutrophils are important for initiating and perpetuating synovial inflammation and thereby could be a promising therapeutic target for RA. K/B × N serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) is a rapidly developed joint inflammatory model that somehow mimics the inflammatory response in patients with RA. Human gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been previously shown to possess immunosuppressive effects in arthritis and humanized animal models. However, it is unknown whether GMSCs can manage neutrophils in autoimmune arthritis. To evaluate whether infusion of GMSCs can alleviate RA by regulating neutrophils and NETs formation. If this is so, we will explore the underlying mechanism(s) in an animal model of inflammatory arthritis. The effects of GMSCs on RA were assessed by comparing the symptoms of the K/B × N serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) model administered either with GMSCs or with control cells. Phenotypes examined included clinical scores, rear ankle thickness, paw swelling, inflammation, synovial cell proliferation, and immune cell frequency. The regulation of GMSCs on NETs was examined through immunofluorescence and immunoblotting in GMSCs-infused STIA mice and in an in vitro co-culture system of neutrophils with GMSCs. The molecular mechanism(s) by which GMSCs regulate NETs was explored both in vitro and in vivo by silencing experiments. We found in this study that adoptive transfer of GMSCs into STIA mice significantly ameliorated experimental arthritis and reduced neutrophil infiltration and NET formation. In vitro studies also showed that GMSCs inhibited the generation of NETs in neutrophils. Subsequent investigations revealed that GMSCs secreted prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to activate protein kinase A (PKA), which ultimately inhibited the downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that is essential for NET formation. Our results demonstrate that infusion of GMSCs can ameliorate inflammatory arthritis mainly by suppressing NET formation via the PGE2-PKA-ERK signaling pathway. These findings further support the notion that the manipulation of GMSCs is a promising stem cell-based therapy for patients with RA and other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotating detonation engines have high thermal efficiency and thus have been extensively studied. Using solid particles as fuel can reduce costs, and experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation. However, numerical simulation research is required that examines the flow field characteristics of a rotating detonation engine. In order to explore the role of carbon particle fuel in a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation wave, the weighted essentially non-oscillating scheme and third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta scheme are used to solve the gas-solid unsteady Eulerian–Eulerian equations. Finite rate chemical and surface reaction models are used to simulate the combustion of gaseous substances and carbon particles. The influence of the proportion of carbon particles in the fuel and the diameter of the carbon particles on the rotating detonation flow field characteristics is analyzed. The results indicate that when the size of carbon particles is in the micrometer scale or below, the two-phase rotating detonation waves exhibit double-front or single-front detonation structures, respectively. Adding carbon particles to the fuel enables the rotating detonation engine to achieve a total pressure gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotating detonation engines have high thermal efficiency and thus have been extensively studied. Using solid particles as fuel can reduce costs, and experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation. However, numerical simulation research is required that examines the flow field characteristics of a rotating detonation engine. In order to explore the role of carbon particle fuel in a gas-solid two-phase rotating detonation wave, the weighted essentially non-oscillating scheme and third-order total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta scheme are used to solve the gas-solid unsteady Eulerian–Eulerian equations. Finite rate chemical and surface reaction models are used to simulate the combustion of gaseous substances and carbon particles. The influence of the proportion of carbon particles in the fuel and the diameter of the carbon particles on the rotating detonation flow field characteristics is analyzed. The results indicate that when the size of carbon particles is in the micrometer scale or below, the two-phase rotating detonation waves exhibit double-front or single-front detonation structures, respectively. Adding carbon particles to the fuel enables the rotating detonation engine to achieve a total pressure gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • MCF is conceptualized to measure field-level cropland use intensity. • Multi-source remote sensing images are applied for observing MCF in a case study. • MCF maps provide spatial details yet uncertainties exist due to resolution variations. • Higher spatial resolution is required for the MCF mapping in the fragmented landscape. • Higher temporal resolution reduces the mapping uncertainty induced by crop rotation. Abstract Accurate observations on multiple cropping practices are required to better understand the status and potential of cropland use intensity. However, previous studies largely relied on multiple cropping index (MCI), which only measures the average state for an administrative unit. In this study we use various satellite images to observe the multiple cropping frequency (MCF), in order to know how MCF improves the observation of multiple cropping practices as an alternative of MCI, and how temporal and spatial resolution affect the observation of MCF. We apply the NDVI time-series curve to observe cropland phenology, and subsequently to estimate the MCF by counting the number of peaks. Three MCF maps are developed for the experimental region (Jinxian County, Poyang Lake Plain, South China) in the year 2015 based on MODIS, GF (GF-1/WFV) and GF-MODIS fusion, which represent a character of higher temporal resolution, higher spatial resolution, and higher temporal-spatial resolution, respectively. All these maps have detected multiple cropping patterns, including various single-, double- and triple-cropping pixels: 90.38%, 9.54%, and 0.08% from the MODIS map, 70.32%, 29.27%, and 0.41% from the GF map, and 64.85%, 33.62%, and 1.53% from the GF-MODIS map. The confusion matrix containing 161 field samples shows that the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient are 62.11% and 0.34, 78.88% and 0.65, and 90.06% and 0.84, for the MODIS, GF, and GF-MODIS maps, respectively. Moreover, the statistics show that the county-level MCI is 1.42, while the aggregated MCI for these maps are 1.10, 1.30, and 1.37, respectively. Our study indicates that the GF-MODIS map not only has highest accuracy but also has a closest estimation on MCI. It implies that higher spatial resolution is the first necessity for mapping the MCF in the landscape fragmented region. Higher temporal resolution is also important to distinguish the nuances on MCF induced by crop rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We reviewed the progress, indicators, and methods of agroecosystem services. • Agroecosystem services are closely related to agroecosystem functions and human agricultural practices. • Multi-source data fusion for integrated model will be the tendency for agroecosystem service assessment. • Agricultural landscape planning and governance can help to improve agroecosystem services and achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Agroecosystems benefit from many ecosystem services and are frequently managed to increase productivity. In recent years, agricultural industrialization has caused the loss of some important ecosystem services in agroecosystems, hindering some sustainable development goals (SDGs). In order to promote sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to restore the damaged agroecosystems and improve agroecosystem services (AES). However, there are relatively few studies on AES, and fewer studies concerning the definition or connotation of AES. Therefore, this paper reviews current AES research, indicators, and assessment methods, as well as directions for future research. AES are determined by agroecosystem functions and human agricultural practices, with both positive and negative effects, scale effects, and trade-offs and synergies between AES. AES indicators can be classified as provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services, with a few studies including supporting services. Currently, the main AES assessment methods include public participation, empirical model, mechanism model, and value estimation. Multi-source data fusion for integrated models to assess multiple AES will be the future research trend. In addition, AES research should develop additional promising topics, including considering both AES and agroecosystem disservices (AEDS); assessing AES supply, demand, and flow; and analyzing AES trade-offs and synergies comprehensively. This will extend the research field to the links between AES and SDGs and their applications in agricultural landscape planning and governance. This review highlights the importance of AES research to more effectively manage agroecosystems and promote sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing hydroxide precursors with radially oriented primary grains is the key factor for fabricating Ni-rich cathodes with sufficient cycle life. Herein, hydroxide precursors with composition of Ni 0.92 Co 0.04 Mn 0.04 (OH) 2 were synthesized to study the effects of pH and ammonia concentration on the phase, morphology, and orientation of grains, as well as the evolution of primary grains and secondary particles during industrial-scale continuous precipitation process. Results show that the preferential growth of primary grains varies significantly with change of pH, ammonia concentration and the growth of secondary particles. Meanwhile, the variation of grain size along direction parallel to [001] is more obvious than that perpendicular to [001] after decreasing pH or increasing ammonia concentration. Moreover, the size distribution of secondary particle varies with the increase of feeding time or the change of reaction condition in a regular manner. Although a steady state could be reached for continuous precipitation, the different residence times endow the size of secondary particles with normal distribution. The results disclosed in this work may provide a guiding significance for designing precipitation procedure for hydroxide precursor of high-end Ni-rich cathodes. [Display omitted] • Synthesis of Ni 0.92 Co 0.04 Mn 0.04 (OH) 2 via industrial-scale continuous precipitation. • Effects of pH and ammonia concentration on orientation of grains. • Evolution of grain orientation during growth of secondary particle. • Variation of secondary particle with change of condition and feeding time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of climate change on the crop water footprint (WF) is highly uncertain, hindering effective agricultural water use in response to climate change. This study proposes a factor sensitivity analysis method, which can screen out statistically significant climatic factors and interactions on crop WF under various uncertainties and determine water resource management measures to mitigate drought for different crops. A special case study was conducted in Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that (1) the annual change in crop WF showed a downward trend from 1988 to 2018. The crop WF was dominated by green water footprint (WF green), and the average occupancy rate of WF green in crops was 58.7%–74.1 %; the spatial distribution of WF has latitude zonality. (2) Drought has different effects on WF of different crops, and WF of soybean is susceptible to drought. Wind speed, sunshine hours, and humidity have a greater impact on crop WF in most growth stages. (3) The effect of climatic factors on crop WF varies in different months. The rice WF is mainly affected by the climate in May, and there is an interaction between May humidity and May rain. The WF of maize and soybeans are affected primarily by the climate in July, especially sunshine hours. The proposed approach attempts to analyze that crop WF is affected by not only an individual climatic factor but also their interactions. Crop water management practices should be adjusted based on the results to mitigate the adverse impact of climatic conditions on crop WF during different growing months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes. Inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTCs) can slow down renal fibrosis. Trigonelline (TRL), an alkaloid isolated from the fenugreek, has demonstrated therapeutic effects on diabetes and its complications. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms for the effects of TRL are still obscure. The present study was aimed to evaluate the treatment of TRL against DKD and explore the potential mechanisms. The db/db mice were used as a spontaneous model of DKD and TRL solution was administered by daily gavage for 8 weeks. Indicators associated with glucose metabolism, renal function and urinary albumin were tested. Renal fibrosis in diabetic mice was evaluated by histopathological staining. Kidney transcriptomics was performed after confirming therapeutic effects of TRL on DKD mice. Molecular biology techniques and in vitro experiments were utilized for final mechanism verification. Biochemical tests revealed that TRL ameliorated renal damage and reduced microalbuminuria in DKD mice. TRL exhibited a protective effect on PTCs, effectively mitigating tubular EMT and renal fibrosis in diabetic kidneys. Transcriptomics analysis indicated that TRL may target Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling, to alleviate fibrosis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments validated that silencing Smad7 abolished the therapeutic effect of TRL. Our findings indicate that TRL can alleviate tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis in db/db mice by upregulating Smad7 in PTCs, suggesting that TRL is a promising medicine against DKD. [Display omitted] • Trigonelline effectively ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic kidneys. • Trigonelline ameliorates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of proximal tubule epithelial cells in diabetic kidney disease. • Trigonelline may target Smad7 to inhibit TGF-β1 signaling, thereby reduce renal epithelial-mesenchymal transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The spatial–temporal patterns of crop rotation were mapped by time-series Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2. • The incorporation of crop rotation in the digital soil mapping notably enhanced the predictability of soil organic matter. • Crop rotation appeared the most important variable in the predictive models. • Crop rotation could be used to detailedly characterize human's cropland use activities in the digital soil mapping. • The Forward Recursive Feature Selection method was found to have advantages in model parsimony and accuracy. Despite human activities are key influencing factors for cropland soil organic matter (SOM), detailed characterization of human activities has always been limited in the digital mapping of SOM due to the lack of proper representations of human's cropland use activities. Crop rotation is an essential human agricultural practice significantly affecting the spatial–temporal variations of SOM due to the periodically dynamic changes of crops. Thus, incorporating crop rotation in the digital soil mapping holds high potential for improving SOM prediction. Here, we applied time-series radar Sentinel-1 and optical Sentinel-2 to map crop rotation systems by a hierarchical rule-based method. Then we explored the effectiveness of incorporating such information in predicting SOM by implementing various combinations of predictive variables. We chose a typical multiple cropping region with various crop rotations in southern China. The model performance was evaluated by 10-fold cross-validation. Results showed significant differences in SOM among the crop rotation systems, and the single rice rotated with vegetables has the highest SOM followed by the high-diversity vegetables and long-term orchard systems. Adding crop rotation enhanced the predictability of SOM with a decrease in RMSE by 7% and an increase in R2 by 24%. Furthermore, the crop rotation systems appeared more important in the predictive models than the soil, topographic, and climatic variables. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of including crop rotation in predicting SOM over complex agricultural landscapes. Our study indicated that human activities should be characterized more detailedly in cropland soil mapping, and that crop rotation containing information on the seasonal dynamics of cropland may be an option for such characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soil moisture was manipulated by infiltration at distances from a gully sidewall. • The saturated soil domain was closer to the ground and sidewall under higher infiltration. • Cracks appeared at the upper position of the sidewall after snow melting under higher infiltration. • The slumped soil was greater in spring and less in summer under higher infiltration. • Prewinter soil water affected soil slumping via the freezing and cracking positions. Gully erosion is one of the most destructive land degradation processes. Soil slumping along cracks on a gully sidewall is a crucial process of gully development, yet the factors controlling the dynamics and amount of slumped soil remain unclear. It was hypothesized that soil slumping along the cracks in summer might be affected by the prewinter soil water regime, as it determines the depth of freezing-induced fissures within the soil profile, which affects the depth and dynamics of the cracks on the gully sidewall. To test this hypothesis, the soil water regime was manipulated by infiltrating 250 mm of water into the plots placed with one edge 10, 30 and 50 cm away from a gully sidewall before winter. This plot layout eventually resulted in four treatments with different amounts of infiltrated water. The isolines of near-saturation soil water contents appeared closer to the ground and the sidewall under the higher infiltration treatments before and after winter. Soil freezing started from the topsoil on 14 Nov. 2017 and penetrated the 1-m soil profile within 24 days. Soil thawing started from both the topsoil and subsoils (1 m depth) on 13 Apr. 2018 and ended on 24 Apr. 2018. The cracks that appeared on the sidewalls in Apr. had similar lengths and widths at the depths with a near-saturation soil water content (between 25 and 45 g kg−1). The cracks appeared at deeper position on gully sidewall under lower infiltration treatments. The soil mass slumped from the sidewall was greater in Apr. and less from Jul. to Aug. under higher infiltration treatments. The annual total of slumped soil mass was the lowest in the low infiltration treatment, where the near-saturation isolines were the deepest. These findings suggested that the prewinter soil water regime along the slope controlled the depth of freezing within the soil profile. The freezing depth determined the depth and time of soil cracking and slumping on the gully sidewalls the following year. Our study implies that gully development through soil slumping depends on pre-winter slope hydrology, which should be considered in modeling and controlling gully development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel magnetic nanoadsorbent (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PAA-SO 3 H) was synthesized by grafting acrylic acid and sulfonic group to Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 using a facile cross-link technology. The adsorbent presented water-stability and biocompatibility in wastewater, which exhibited high-selectivity capture for Pb(II) and Cu(II) of 182.5 mg/g and 250.7 mg/g, respectively, at pH 6.0. Furthermore, the adsorption-desorption processes show that nanoadsorbent still retains high uptake capacity after 6 cycles, revealing structural stability and advanced recycling. Effects from other ions existed weak interference in removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II). Meanwhile, the mechanism was further analyzed from both electrostatic potential (ESP) and average local ionization energy (ALIE) based on the density functional theory (DFT). The results indicate that interaction among nanoadsorbent and heavy metal ions is bridged by oxygen active sites. As the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PAA-SO 3 H adsorbent is a hierarchical, highly water-dispersible and biocompatible adsorbent, it is a potential new treatment option for wastewater. To better understand the purification and removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) contaminants in the aquatic environment, the critical characteristics and mechanism of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorbed on Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PAA-SO 3 H, were studied theoretically and experimentally (C-blue, H-white, O-red, S-yellow). [Display omitted] • A novel, biocompatible and hierarchical magnetic adsorbent was synthesized. • Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PAA-SO 3 H shows high selective adsorption for Pb(II) and Cu(II). • The oxygen active sites of the adsorbent were determined by experimental characterization and theoretical calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper-based catalysts were prepared via ammonia evaporation co-precipitation method. Structure evolutions of the catalysts were systematically characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG, SEM, N 2 -physisorption, ICP-AES, N 2 O chemisorption and XPS focusing on the influence of promoters on the catalytic behavior in the hydrogenation of diethyl malonate to 1,3-propanediol. The results showed that diethyl malonate conversion and 1,3-propanediol selectivity could reach 96.71% and 29.76% respectively at 473 K with 2.0 MPa and 1.8 h − 1 with boron as promoter. The improved catalytic performance of Cu-B/SiO 2 catalyst could be attributed to more Cu 0 formed with the inhibition of copper phyllosilicate and better dispersion of copper species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cefquinome sulfate cationic proliposomes (CSCPs) were prepared by solid-dispersion method combined with effervescent hydration. • CSCP were used to form Cefquinome sulfate cationic proliposomes (CSCLs) by adding 5% sodium bicarbonate solution solvent. • The eradication effect of Cefquinome sulfate (CS) on bacterial biofilm (BBF) was relatively weak during 8 h–24 h. • However, the CSCL eradication effect on BBF was about twice that of CS. • The clearance rate reached 81.30% with 2.5×MIC in 24 h. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has the propensity to form biofilms, which eventually cause antibiotic resistance and treatment failure. Cefquinome sulfate (CS) is an animal-specific antibacterial agent for S. aureus infection. In this work, CS cationic proliposomes (CSCPs) were prepared by solid-dispersion method combined with effervescent hydration to eradicate bacterial biofilm and improve the antibacterial effect of the drug. CSCPs were readily dispersed in water, thereby forming CS cationic liposomes (CSCLs) as a white, uniform suspension. The CSCLs had an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 63.21%, a drug loading of 4.04%, an average particle size of 201.5 nm, and a positive zeta-potential of 65.29 mV. In vitro release studies showed that CSCLs had good sustained-release behavior. The CS and CSCL minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S. aureus type culture strain were 1 and 0.48 g/mL, respectively. The eradication effect of CS on bacterial biofilm (BBF) was relatively weak during culture in drug-containing medium for 8 h–24 h. However, the CSCL eradication effect on BBF increased gradually, and the clearance rate of CSCLs on BBF was about twice that of CS. The clearance rate reached 81.30% with 2.5 × MIC in 24 h. All these results indicated that CSCLs can significantly improve the eradication effect of cefquinome on biofilm to inhibit bacterial growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]