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For natural draft direct dry cooling system, the triangularly arranged air-cooled condenser may lead to the unexpected airflow deviations and unbalanced flow distributions although with an additional buoyancy force from the dry-cooling tower. In this work, an annularly arranged air-cooled condenser is proposed for natural draft direct dry cooling system. By numerical simulations, the flow and heat transfer performances of these two dry cooling systems are analyzed and compared at various wind speeds. The results show that for the annularly arranged air-cooled condenser, the air flow interactions between the neighboring cooling columns are totally avoided at small wind speeds, and moreover, the vortices at the inlets of the cooling columns may vanish for the middle sector at high wind speeds. The air inflow and outflow deviations through the cooling columns are clearly restrained, which improve the local thermo-flow performances, thus increase the heat rejection conspicuously and recover the cooling efficiency of natural draft direct dry cooling system compared with the triangularly arranged air-cooled condenser, especially at small wind speeds. The annular configuration of air-cooled condenser could be recommended for the potential engineering applications thanks to its more energy efficient performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, natural convection heat transfer from two horizontally attached cylinders in air has been studied numerically over the range of Rayleigh number 10 ⩽ Ra ⩽ 10 5 . A new model proposed by Bejan et al. (1995) is applied here, and it has been proved to be a more accurate and effective method for the numerical simulation of the natural convection in free space than other models used previously. Furthermore, the representative results for streamlines, isothermal contours, local Nusselt number and local drag coefficients have been presented with different Rayleigh numbers. It can be observed that there form two recirculation vortexes in the wake region when the two plumes begin to merge, and their sizes grow with the increasing Rayleigh number due to the downstream movement of the front stagnation point and the upstream movement of the separation point. Owing to the interactions of their plumes, the location of the maximum value of local Nusselt number moves downstream along the cylinder surface, i.e., it displaces to 133–150° depending on the Rayleigh number whereas it always occurs at the front stagnation point corresponding to 90° for a single cylinder. However, because the thinnest boundary layer in this work still hardly penetrates the small clearance between them and then influences their heat transfer, their interactions are independent of the Rayleigh number. Finally, a new correlating equation of the average Nusselt number with the Rayleigh number for the present configuration, has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lubrication and cooling design is important for high-speed rolling bearings. A multiphase numerical simulation and the corresponding tests were conducted to investigate the stratified air-oil flow inside jet cooling ball bearings. The simulated results of the volume fraction distribution has the same trend with measured observations. The heat transfer was also considered. It was found that the temperature distribution of the bearing was affected by the volume fraction distribution. The higher temperature always appears in the lower oil volume fraction region. The conventional oil-jet lubrication mechanism cannot achieve an efficient cooling on the inner ring of the high-speed ball bearing. The oil volume fraction increases with an increasing nozzle number. The number should not be larger than six for increasing the oil volume fraction. The jet velocity and the oil flow rate have great effects on the average oil volume fraction inside the bearing rather than the oil volume fraction distribution around the circumference. The flow pattern inside the jet-cooling ball bearing is significant for its temperature forecast and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of accounting for the temperature dependence of air properties in numerical simulations of air flows over pinned heat sinks is demonstrated by comparisons with recently published experiments. Numerical simulations, based on a conjugate heat transfer analysis, using the RANS-based modified k-ω turbulence model, with temperature-dependent air properties, are shown to be in significantly better agreement with experimental measurements of pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, and heat sink base temperature, than those which employ constant air properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-resolved direct numerical simulation (DNS) is applied to investigate strongly heated air flow in a vertical pipe ( L = 30 D ) at inlet Reynolds numbers of Re 0 = 4240 and 6020. The DNS is based on the experimental cases of Shehata and McEligot (1995) and shows excellent agreement with heat-transfer and flow statistical results. Flow relaminarization is observed in the strongly heated cases. We apply a new semi-local wall coordinate to replace the conventional one. With the semi-local wall coordinates, which considers the local property variation, both the velocity and temperature fields show the process of relaminarization. This relaminarization is also indicated by the significant decrease of turbulence intensity and Reynolds shear stress. In the quasi-laminar flow, the viscous sublayer becomes thicker. Turbulence in this layer shows a growing anisotropic character. And turbulence in the pipe center becomes approximately isotropic. This two-layer character is clearly displayed by flow visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical study is made of heat transfer enhancement in the narrow channel with insulated walls in air steady flow around a heated spherical dimple, when its relative depth is varied from 0 to 0.26 (in terms of spot diameter) at a defined Reynolds number 4 × 10 4 based on bulk velocity and dimple spot diameter. The applicability of multiblock computational technologies for solution of Reynolds and energy equations with the implication of an implicit factorized finite-volume algorithm and overlapping different-scale structured grids of different topology, as well as the verification of the shear stress transfer model (SST model) modified with regard to the streamline curvature within the framework of Leschziner–Rodi–Isaev’s approach is assessed from the comparison of numerical predictions obtained by different SSTM versions. Flow regimes in a spherical dimple, as its depth is increased, are classified on the basis of the analysis of change in the jet–vortex flow structure in the dimple and its wake in the channel. In what follows, special attention is paid to asymmetric flow around a dimple with the greatest vortex heat transfer enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical simulations are carried out to study the unsteady air flow and heat transfer in a partitioned triangular cavity of differentially heated from inclined walls and heat source placed at the bottom wall. The finite volume numerical method has been employed to solve the governing equations. The grid sensitivity test has been carried out and obtained results have been validated against experimental results. The dependency of several parameters on fluid flow and heat transfer is studied including Rayleigh number from 10 3 to 10 6 , heater size from 0.2 to 0.6, heater position from 0.3 to 0.7 and aspect ratio from 0.2 to 1.0 with a fixed Prandtl number of 0.72 (air). A conductive partition of infinite conductivity is placed at the middle of the enclosure, which means that only heat can freely transfer between two fluid zones through the partition. Results are presented as a form of isotherms and streamlines. Also, heat transfer is presented as a form of Nusselt number. Both transient and steady states of solutions are presented in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to investigate the transient 3D numerical simulations of natural convection of air around a circular finned tube (24.9 mm OD ) kept in a small chimney. The annular plain fins are considered in this study. The effects of fin spacing to fin diameter ratio (0.057 mm ⩽ S / D f ⩽ 0.24 mm), chimney height (400–1000 mm) and ambient to surface temperature difference (10 K ⩽ T s ⩽ 65 K) on the heat transfer and the driving force have been investigated. The results are presented in terms of the temperature contours, velocity vectors, heat transfer and the driving force. It has been found that the heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the fin spacing upto an optimum value ( S = 8 mm) for all the fin geometries, and beyond S = 8 mm, the heat transfer coefficient decreases. The separation of the thermal boundary layer with a variation in the fin spacing and its effects on the heat transfer and driving force has been shown. For a fixed fin spacing, the heat transfer rate, heat transfer coefficient and the driving force increases with an increase in the fin diameter, however, for D f > 41 mm, the rate of increase in the heat transfer coefficient reduces. The heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase in the chimney height and it has been found that the effect of chimney height on the heat transfer coefficient is a resultant effect of the air outlet temperature and the driving force generated by the chimney. The base to ambient temperature difference has been varied to observe the temperature sensitivity on the heat transfer coefficient and flow patterns. In the last section, various circular and elliptical tube designs have been investigated, and it is found that, the elliptical tube with minimum ellipticity ( b / a = 0.33) and circular tube with smallest diameter (7 mm) provides better heat transfer coefficient than the other circular and elliptical designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The guide vane is added to the air inlet chamber of the intercooler. • An end-to-end model of the intercooler guide vane based on PSO-SVR algorithm. • Structure parameters of guide vane are optimized using genetic algorithm. In order to fundamentally solve the problem of poor air flow uniformity in the cooling pipe of the heavy-duty vehicle intercooler, which leads to poor heat exchange effect, this paper innovatively proposes to add a guide vane in the air chamber of the intercooler. The air flow uniformity in the cooling pipe of the heavy-duty vehicle intercooler is investigated under different structural parameters of guide vane based on the established end-to-end model. In fact, the end-to-end prediction model is innovatively proposed to characterize the relationship between the structural parameters of guide vane and performance parameters without conducting the high-cost and long-term experiments or numerical simulation. Besides, structure parameters of guide vane with the optimal airflow uniformity coefficient are obtained using genetic algorithm (GA), that is, the diversion angle (α) is 18°, the width of rectangular holes in the guide vane (L) is 6 mm and the number of rectangular holes in the guide vane (N) is 3. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the optimized intercooler is validated and it is found that the airflow uniformity coefficient of the optimized intercooler is 0.983, which is 5.25% higher than the original structure, the outlet temperature is reduced by 8.2 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]