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The technological progress in computer science (particularly, in machine learning) has contributed to the improvement of medical services, both in detecting and treating diseases. The large volumes of data, that are overwhelming for human experts (doctors, nurses), can easily be managed by automated systems, as long as we have the computational resources. Obviously, human experts are still essential in the process - we think of the use of computer science in medicine as a collaboration between medical staff and artificial intelligence. The usual types of data that can be processed by automated systems are text, sound, and image types. In this paper, we approach the diagnosis subject and focus on data consisting of sound. We created a heart murmur detection system - it analyzes recordings and tells the user whether the sound samples indicate a heart murmur or not, based on a trained machine learning model. One of the main advantages of our system is the fact that we ran a large number of experiments, with different configurations of denoising techniques and features taken into consideration. We were able to draw some interesting conclusions, for example, we found out which features are the most important for the classification and which features are not worth computing. Also, our work denotes a thorough understanding of sound processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of concepts as decision functions characteristic for computer science and Artificial Intelligence has its roots in the logical tradition of Gottlob Frege. In its modern incarnation, decision functions, embedded in concrete knowledge representations, describe either crisp or vague assignments of categorization decisions to objects. In order to allow for effective communication between humans and computer systems, these decisions should be either effectively explained by the system or explainable with respect to the system, which in turn depends on the degree of epistemic transparency of the computer system and the conceptual representations it uses. In this, paper we distinguish between two basic types of representation: logic-based and nature-based. With respect to the latter, we identify five contributing factors to their relative epistemic opacity: A. structural complexity, B. learning procedures, C. operating on uncertain data, D. lack of translation procedures for low-level rules and representations, and E. lack of complete knowledge about natural computing systems. We consider the fourth factor (D.) to be the most important source of opacity on the level of computer systems and the fifth (E.) the main contributing factor on the level of human knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern businesses benefit significantly from advances in computer vision technology, one of the important sectors of artificially intelligent and computer science research. Advanced computer vision issues like image processing, object recognition, and biometric authentication can benefit from using deep learning methods. As smart devices and facilities advance rapidly, current networks such as 4 G and the forthcoming 5 G networks may not adapt to the rapidly increasing demand. Classification of images, object classification, and facial recognition software are some of the most difficult computer vision problems that can be solved using deep learning methods. As a new paradigm for 6Core network design and analysis, artificial intelligence (AI) has recently been used. Therefore, in this paper, the 6 G wireless network is used along with Deep Learning to solve the above challenges by introducing a new methodology named Optimizing Computer Vision with AI-enabled technology (OCV-AI). This research uses deep learning – efficiency algorithms (DL-EA) for computer vision to address the issues mentioned and improve the system's outcome. Therefore, deep learning 6 G proposed frameworks (Dl-6 G) are suggested in this paper to recognize pattern recognition and intelligent management systems and provide driven methodology planned to be provisioned automatically. For Advanced analytics wise, 6 G networks can summarize the significant areas for future research and potential solutions, including image enhancement, machine vision, and access control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today and with the development of computer technologies, traditional learning, which offers a static content for all learners, is no longer desired in learning environments. As a result, the exploitation of this development has given rise to new methods of learning. The mobile learning is one of these methods and specifically the adaptive mobile learning or context-aware mobile learning. Generally, the learning process goes through several stages; the assessment is part of this process and it is a key step in the learning activity, taking several ways. When we talk about an adaptive learning, we should think also about an adaptive assessment, where the learner can take an adaptive test content according to their context. In this paper, we present the Adaptive Formative Assessment in Context-Aware Mobile Learning (AFA-CAML) approach. The goal of this approach is to provide learners with an adaptive and personalized formative assessment taking into account the learner context based on the CAT (Computerized Adaptive Tests) theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey paper attempts to study the existence, importance and impact of the notion of context in modern humanistic computing. Given its inherent diversity, the term is nowadays widely acknowledged among computer science tasks and has become a major topic of interest in several of its sub-fields, ranging from contextual semantics to social networks, social media and recently emerged innovative applications, such as travel routing. We start by presenting a brief review of contextual semantics as nowadays they are considered suitable for most common content analysis problems. Focus is also given within the next survey sections on the impact of context within the social networks and media field that came into sight over the last years. A short, closing discussion on the identified challenges and potential future research directions concludes this survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present in this paper different architectures of IDPS. We will also discuss measures that define the effectiveness of IPS and finally the very recent work of standardization and homogenization of IPS. The purpose of this work is the design and the realization of an IDPS (intrusion detection and prevention system) inspired from natural immune systems. The study of biological systems to get inspired from them for the resolution of computer science problems is an axis of the artificial intelligence field which gave rise to robust and effective methods (ants colonies, genetic algorithms, neuron networks…) by their natural function, the immune system's the interest of researchers in the intrusion detection field, taking into account the similarities of NIS (Natural Immune System) and IDPS objectives. Within the framework of this work, we conceived an IDPS inspired from natural immune system and implemented by using a directed approach. A platform was developed and tests were carried out in order to assess our system performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In classification, noise may deteriorate the system performance and increase the complexity of the models built. In order to mitigate its consequences, several approaches have been proposed in the literature. Among them, noise filtering, which removes noisy examples from the training data, is one of the most used techniques. This paper proposes a new noise filtering method that combines several filtering strategies in order to increase the accuracy of the classification algorithms used after the filtering process. The filtering is based on the fusion of the predictions of several classifiers used to detect the presence of noise. We translate the idea behind multiple classifier systems, where the information gathered from different models is combined, to noise filtering. In this way, we consider the combination of classifiers instead of using only one to detect noise. Additionally, the proposed method follows an iterative noise filtering scheme that allows us to avoid the usage of detected noisy examples in each new iteration of the filtering process. Finally, we introduce a noisy score to control the filtering sensitivity, in such a way that the amount of noisy examples removed in each iteration can be adapted to the necessities of the practitioner. The first two strategies (use of multiple classifiers and iterative filtering) are used to improve the filtering accuracy, whereas the last one (the noisy score) controls the level of conservation of the filter removing potentially noisy examples. The validity of the proposed method is studied in an exhaustive experimental study. We compare the new filtering method against several state-of-the-art methods to deal with datasets with class noise and study their efficacy in three classifiers with different sensitivity to noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computer science is a very broad field of knowledge which knows no boundary and with every passing day it seems only legitimate that we consider it as the next stage of social and human evolution. However, evolution is only possible if the knowledge in hand can contribute towards prosperous development or somehow manages to mitigate any sort of impending negativity. In India, one of the major drawbacks, which affect not only the social but also the economical backbone of the country, are the natural and man-made disasters. In time of dire catastrophe one needs simple and cheap solutions rather than expensive alternatives. Keeping this in focus, the paper presents certain modified algorithms which, if implemented correctly and in time, can prove to be a real boon in time of disasters and catastrophes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe a tool that can be effectively used to evaluate student learning outcomes using concept maps and Markov chain analysis. The main purpose of this tool is to advance the use of artificial intelligence techniques by using concept maps and Markov chains in evaluating a student’s understanding of a particular topic of study using concept maps. The method used in the tool makes use of XML parsing to perform the required evaluation. For the purpose of experimenting this tool we have taken into consideration concept maps developed by students enrolled in two different courses in Computer Science. The result of this experimentation is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clustering is an essential tool in data mining research and applications. It is the subject of active research in many fields of study, such as computer science, data science, statistics, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Several clustering techniques have been proposed and implemented, and most of them successfully find excellent quality or optimal clustering results in the domains mentioned earlier. However, there has been a gradual shift in the choice of clustering methods among domain experts and practitioners alike, which is precipitated by the fact that most traditional clustering algorithms still depend on the number of clusters provided a priori. These conventional clustering algorithms cannot effectively handle real-world data clustering analysis problems where the number of clusters in data objects cannot be easily identified. Also, they cannot effectively manage problems where the optimal number of clusters for a high-dimensional dataset cannot be easily determined. Therefore, there is a need for improved, flexible, and efficient clustering techniques. Recently, a variety of efficient clustering algorithms have been proposed in the literature, and these algorithms produced good results when evaluated on real-world clustering problems. This study presents an up-to-date systematic and comprehensive review of traditional and state-of-the-art clustering techniques for different domains. This survey considers clustering from a more practical perspective. It shows the outstanding role of clustering in various disciplines, such as education, marketing, medicine, biology, and bioinformatics. It also discusses the application of clustering to different fields attracting intensive efforts among the scientific community, such as big data, artificial intelligence, and robotics. This survey paper will be beneficial for both practitioners and researchers. It will serve as a good reference point for researchers and practitioners to design improved and efficient state-of-the-art clustering algorithms. • Provide an up-to-date comprehensive review of the different clustering techniques. • Highlight novel and most recent practical applications areas of clustering. • Provide a convenient research path for new researchers. • Help experts develop new algorithms for emerging challenges in the research area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]