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Although the subject of numerous contributions in the history of economics, the use of theoretical diagrams by economists is still quite misunderstood, as this practice is often characterized as a basic form of mathematization, soon replaced by more rigorous techniques of demonstration or exhibition. The present article attempts to challenge this view, focusing on a period of time, the 1930s, during which "diagrammatic economics" and other techniques coexisted, and on a specific community, that of students and young researchers from the London School of Economics with a keen interest in using diagrams as tools for economic reasoning. The cosmopolitan nature of research and education at the LSE, with its insistence on reading a vast amount of literature and attending seminars by a revolving cast of local and foreign lecturers, offered a favorable environment for a form of visual analysis that helped clarify concepts and resolve definitional issues, at a time when interest in various economic traditions had not yet given way to attempts to systematize and unify economic knowledge and its standards of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Hayek: A Life, 1899–1950" is a biography that provides a comprehensive account of Friedrich August Hayek's life and career. It explores his family background, education, and experiences during World War I. The book focuses on Hayek's intellectual development, particularly his work in economics and his association with the Austrian school. It also delves into his interactions with other economists, his contributions to economic theory, and his involvement in the debate on economic planning. The biography offers valuable insights into Hayek's life and contributions, making it a valuable resource for those interested in his work. [Extracted from the article]

Sraffa's "On the Relations between Cost and Quantity Produced" (1925) and Samuelson's "An Exact Hume-Ricardo-Marshall Model of International Trade" (1971) presented a strikingly similar analytical argument regarding the theoretical domain of Marshallian partial equilibrium models. Yet they reached radically different conclusions from their analyses. This article addresses this theoretical puzzle and proposes a plausible solution. To this end, the article reconstructs the evolution of Sraffa's and Samuelson's thinking on Marshallian partial equilibrium analysis and the evolution of Samuelson's thinking regarding Sraffa's 1926 critique of Marshallian economics. Sraffa's unpublished manuscripts to which Samuelson did not have access during his lifetime are carefully examined. A change in Sraffa's assessment of Marshallian partial equilibrium methodology that occurred in the second half of the 1920s is highlighted. This leads to new insights into Sraffa's thinking on the role and significance of the case of constant costs within Marshallian economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Thinking Like an Economist: How Efficiency Replaced Equality in U.S. Public Policy" by Elizabeth Popp Berman is a book that explores the influence of economic thinking on government policy analysis in the United States. The author argues that economic logic, focused on efficiency and benefit-cost analysis, has come to dominate policy-making processes, often prioritizing efficiency over other goals such as rights and equity. The book provides a historical account of how economic ideas have been applied in government and offers insights into the ethical implications of these ideas. While the book primarily targets academic audiences interested in the history of US government policymaking and economics, it also aims to engage political progressives seeking to rebuild the progressive movement. However, some readers may find the book's analysis of left-right political divisions and the role of economics in politics to be oversimplified. [Extracted from the article]

In arguing that Cambridge initiated the dynamic of I Disziplinierung i and I Verwissenschaftlichung i that created economic science, Tribe calls for a radical departure from standard narrative practices in the history of economics employed in the Anglophone sphere. Was Cambridge the only economics faculty during Marshall's professorship to succeed in meeting Tribe's criteria for I Disziplinierung i ? In mid-February 1938, J. M. Keynes received a letter from Richard Kahn, at the time a member of the Cambridge Faculty Board of Economics and Politics, on the reform of the Economics Tripos, the honors degree introduced by Alfred Marshall in 1903. Tribe dismisses the idea of understanding Marshallianism as the theoretical program of Marshall's I Principles i - the book that, in Cambridge-insider historiography, laid the foundations of a "Cambridge tradition.". [Extracted from the article]

This article investigates how Israel Kirzner approached mainstream economists with his view of the Austrian theory. It discusses the role of narrative elements in Kirzner's theory in his use of stories to illuminate ideas in entrepreneurship, the theory of the firm, and the knowledge problem. This article argues that the use of narrative made Kirzner's theory more open to dialogue without tying him to the scientific demarcation criteria used in mainstream economics. The scientific narratives in Kirzner's work allow him to (i) emphasize the logical order of economic phenomena, (ii) highlight causal mechanisms in economic theory, (iii) make some generalizations but without perfect predictions with economics, (iv) explore different scenarios from contingent events in the economy, and (v) illustrate economic ideas with fictional but plausible cases. The article concludes that these narrative aspects help Kirzner illuminate the limitations of neoclassical economics and offer an alternative perspective based on the entrepreneurial state of "alertness" from an Austrian point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its depictions of characters' processes of decision-making, Jane Austen's Emma incorporates a model of choice that later came to dominate neoclassical economics. This model is preferential choice, which asserts that individuals choose based on their subjective, idiosyncratic preferences rather than following socially sanctioned value systems. While Emma represents preferential choice and illustrates its connection to consumer capitalism, unlike neoclassical economists, the novel ultimately exhibits skepticism toward this modern model of decision-making. This skepticism is rooted in Emma's conservative economic and political vision. Its conservatism paradoxically gestures to a point that is important to some of today's progressive thought: that our valorization of preferential choice—of the idea that choices should be a matter of individual desire for one option among many—is not inevitable and comes with its own significant difficulties. This article shows that even as the novel distances itself from consumerism's mode of preferential choosing, Emma's representation of preferential choice acknowledges its aesthetic importance in the construction of interiorized characters and in open-ended narrative forms. Such an acknowledgment shows Austen's recognition that consumerist habits of mind are important to literary production, especially at a moment when novels vied for attention in a competitive literary marketplace. In such a marketplace, readers chose among many disparate titles; the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century literary field was, indeed, one of the first manifestations of modern consumerism wherein overflowing markets tried to convince shoppers to express their individuality through their preferences for some goods over others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The name I Cobb-Douglas i derives from Douglas's first published time-series study with Cobb (Cobb and Douglas [14]), after which Cobb ceased to participate. En route, Hendrik Houthakker ([45]) (who references Horst Mendershausen's highly critical [61] article on Douglas's production function research) had established that aggregating microlevel Leontief production functions could lead to macro Cobb-Douglas. Biddle remarks that "the original time-series regression of the 1928 Cobb-Douglas paper arose out of Douglas's prior research interests and represented cutting-edge work in empirical economics" (4). Chapter 5 discusses the take up of the Cobb-Douglas production function in agricultural economics, which kept associated research work alive while Douglas was in the Senate. [Extracted from the article]

In August 1988, state media reported on government plans for radical price decontrol, inciting panic buying and worker protests (252). [Extracted from the article]

The article reports that Francis Ysidro Edgeworth chose to devote his address as president of Section F of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (henceforth the British Association to the thorny issue of equal pay between men and women. It mentions that the Sheffield Telegraph reported Edgeworth to the proposal of equal pay for equal work, and Professor says equal pay unfair to men.

The article presents the figure of the prostitute does a lot of hard labor in Marxist thought and in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts Karl Marx uses. Topics icnlude the Marx renders the prostitute at once a metaphor for and a paradigmatic example of wage labor's capacity to turn all human activity into commodifiable labor time and the distinguishes Marx's treatment of the prostitute from that of later thinkers would appear not as the living commodity of labor but simply as a fungible.

This essay argues that late nineteenth-century American fiction, as exemplified by William Dean Howells's The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie (1900), is entangled in the period's embrace of a new understanding of economic conditions, one premised on the significance of consumer data as the raw material of economic interpretation and fixated on mathematical analysis as a source of knowledge about value. Marginalism in economic theory and realism in American literary practice were contemporaneous efforts to mediate value at a moment of decisive transition in America, as a model of commodity-centered competitive capitalism yielded to the regime of corporate finance. The young academic economists of the period and their literary counterparts explained the economic landscape in much the same way and to many of the same ends. Both began with the daunting question of how to reimagine value in a world characterized by fictitious goods and increasingly abstract financial instruments, a world in which the labor theory of value seemed hopelessly outdated. Both responded to this challenge by proposing novel intellectual procedures for making values appear stable again by focusing on the subjective experiences of consumers. Finally, both marginalists and realists sought to provide a quasi-scientific bedrock for fixing values in consumer society not only by appealing nostalgically to an economy of actual goods and honest work but more importantly by accommodating readers, policy makers, and stakeholders of all kinds to the new realities of finance capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Edmond Malinvaud and growth theory in the 1950s and 1960s and shared perception of the inhabitants of those economic lands who were concerned with economic growth in the 1960s. It mentions growth in the context of planning and economic policy and economists organizing the developments in the field of economic growth. It also mentions same opposition between neoclassical and Keynesian growth models.

The article focuses on Robert Solow which belongs to the generation of economists who elaborated and promoted the postwar Keynesian mainstream. It mentions neoclassical synthesis was a two-way street with influence between Walrasian and Keynesian ideas flowing both ways. It also mentions distinguish between Walrasian enthusiasts and Walrasian skeptics within the seminal authors of the neoclassical synthesis.

The article offer information on historian and philosopher Philip Mirowski and the sociology of nescience. Topics discussed include Mirowski's account of "economics as social physics;" the Neoclassical economics and Newtonian doctrine; and the views of Mirowski on neoliberalism's impact on thought and culture.

The article discusses the Chinook story "The War of the Ghosts", which was recorded and translated by anthropologist Franz Boas and used in an experiment by psychologist Sir Frederic Bartlett. It states that the experiment is celebrated contribution to the psychology of memory. Topics include history of economics, psychology of mental tendency, and economist Thorstein Veblen's challenge to neoclassical economics.

A literary criticism of the book "Robinson Crusoe" by Daniel Defoe is presented. It states that the character of Robinson Crusoe has become popular with the neoclassicals as he embodies archetypical economic man of neoclassical economics. It examines the character as a highly religious individual, and is devoid of rationality. An overview of the plot is given.

The article discusses the attempts made by economist Robert Solow to develop the models for medium-run macroeconomics and his struggles with other models of macroeconomics. Topics include Solow's contributions to economist Paul Samuelson's views on the neo- classical synthesis, the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) and Solow's involvement in it, and Solow's views on Keynesian and neoclassical economics and their synthesis.

The article discusses the views of Soviet economist Victor Meerovich Polterovich regarding general equilibrium theory in the context of socialist economics. Topics include the history of mathematical economics in the Soviet Union (USSR), Polterovich's study at the Central Institute for Economics and Mathematics (CEMI) in Moscow, USSR, and the effects of the Cold War on the neoclassical tradition as Polterovich was part of it.