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Chemical and physical characteristics of wood from six European populations of Picea abies were investigated taking into consideration their genetic differentiation determined by four microsatellites markers. The growth conditions of investigated spruce trees differed significantly. As a consequence, several adaptations were observed in samples from varying environments. The adaptation mechanisms include a variation to the annual rings morphology as well as the physical properties of the wood. It was proved that some properties, such as wood density or latewood ratio, are strictly correlated to the environmental variables. Results show that trees from geographically distinct populations present some diversity in the genotypes. It was also noticed that some trees did not share their genetic profile with other plants from the same location due to high intrapopulation variability. Samples from Finland possessed the lowest level of internal differentiation, while samples from northern Poland presented the lowest allele richness and were most divergent from the others. It was not possible to correlate any wood properties (chemical or physical) to genetic features of the population due to high intrapopulation diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]