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COPA syndrome is a newly discovered hereditary immunodeficiency affecting the lung, kidneys, and joints. The mutated gene encodes the α subunit of the coatomer complex I, a protein transporter from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum. The impaired return of proteins leads to intracellular stress. The syndrome is an autoimmune and autoinflammatory disease that can be grouped among the interferonopathies. The knowledge about COPA syndrome and its treatment is still limited. In this paper, we describe an additional patient, a 15-year-old girl with rheumatoid factor-positive polyarthritis and rheumatoid nodules since the age of 2, who developed interstitial lung disease. The detected mutation c.698G>A was causing the disease. The patient presented with symmetric polyarthritis on wrists, fingers, and hip and ankle joints, with significant functional impairment, and high disease activity. Laboratory parameters demonstrated chronic inflammation, hypergammaglobulinemia, high titre ANA (antinuclear antibodies) and CCP (anti-citrullinated protein) antibodies, and rheumatoid factors. Therapies with various DMARDs (Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs) and biologicals failed. Upon baricitinib application, the clinical activity decreased dramatically with disappearance of joint pain and morning stiffness and significant decrease of joint swelling. A low disease activity was reached after 12 months, with complete disappearance of rheumatoid nodules. In contrast to IL-1 (interleukin-1), IL-6, and TNF (tumor necrosis factor) inhibitors, baricitinib was very successful, probably because baricitinib acts as a JAK-1/2 (janus kinase-1/2) inhibitor in the IFNα/β (inteferone α/β) pathway. A relatively higher dose in children is necessary. COPA syndrome represents a novel disorder of intracellular transport. Reviewing published literature on COPA syndrome, in addition to our patient, there were 31 cases further described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVEJn Tiirkiye, anti-tobacco legislation (Law No. 4207 on the Prevention and Control of Harms of Tobacco Products) aims to ensure a "tobacco-free" life for current and future generations. Thus, there are observations of violations in the hospitality sector. In this study, we aimed to observe the status of hospitality venues' violation of the law in 11 different cities in Tiirkiye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This descriptive study examined 772 hospitality venues in Ankara, Burdur, Diyarbakir, Giresun, Hatay istanbul, izmir, Kars, Kayseri, Samsun, and Zonguldak between August 1 and October 10, 2023. The Google Forms survey, Microsoft Excel, and IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 23) programs were used for data collection, entry, and analysis. A logistic regression model was used to understand the associations between non-compliance and the characteristics of the venues. RESULTS: During the observation of indoor spaces, tobacco products were used in 282 venues (37.1%). Non-compliance in bars, pubs, traditional coffee houses, and hookah cafes was statistically significantly higher than in the other venue types [odds ratio (OR)= 3.031,95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.699 to 5.408, P < 0.001 ]. The presence of a retractable roof and/or side wall (OR=5.362, 95% Cl: 3.51 8 to 8.1 73, p < 0.001), later hour observations (OR= 2.120, 95% Cl: 1.399 to 3.212, p < 0.001), and the existence of outdoor venues where smoking is permitted (OR= 3.165, 95% Cl: 2.1 70 to 4.61 7, p < 0.001) also increased indoor violations. CONCLUSION: The findings provided scientific evidence that violations of Turkish anti-tobacco legislation exist in hospitality venues. The public authorities are advised to play their vital role in preventing violations in indoor spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to review the value of endoscopic ear surgery as adjunct to microscopic surgery in management of cholesteatoma. It aimed to determine the accessibility of hidden sites and to assess surgical outcomes in cholesteatoma surgery with the adjunct use of an endoscope. An extensive review of literature on PubMed was performed to select studies about the use of an endoscope either as an adjunct to or as a replacement for a microscope in cholesteatoma surgery and studies with comparative surgical outcomes of endoscopic ear surgery and microscopic ear surgery in cholesteatoma surgery. The majority of the studies use endoscopic ear surgery as an adjunct or combined with traditional microscopic ear surgery (observational or operative) while a minority use exclusive transcanal endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery. Endoscopic ear surgery in cholesteatoma provides superior visualization of hidden areas with highest risk for residual cholesteatoma, like the sinus tympani. The use of an endoscope showed reducing residual and recurrence cholesteatoma, especially in canal wall up procedure. Transcanal endoscopic cholesteatoma surgery is minimally invasive and uses a natural access and a step-by-step pursuit of cholesteatoma through the middle ear. This review acknowledges the value of microscopic ear surgery but highlights the benefit of endoscopic ear surgery in cholesteatoma surgery, whether used combined or exclusively, by enhanced visualization and ability to visualize hidden areas for identification and removal of cholesteatoma residues and by so reducing recurrence. Endoscopic ear surgery helps in decision making intraoperatively and in preventing unnecessary tissue removal. However, the microscope affords greater comfort in mastoid drilling and cannot be replaced by the endoscope in all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alongside the historical use of the microscope, endoscopic ear surgery has been developed for several years. Its advantages are now widely recognized, for example its wider view and its clear superiority to detect "hidden cholesteatoma". However, its use remains restricted to some teams, and its indications and applications are still debated in the otologist community. This review of the literature presents advantages, results, and limitations of both approaches. Moreover, the article highlights current evidence of equivalence or superiority of one of the other approach according to the different otologic surgical procedures. However, more studies about endoscopic ear surgery are required with longer follow-up and larger sample size. Finally, authors proposed a decision-making tree to guide the ear surgeon to the best practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Dissertations play a crucial role in developing research skills and clinical practices and they are required to complete the training program. The transformation of these dissertations into scientific publications is essential for clinicians pursuing academic careers. This study aims to evaluate the dissertations in the field of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in terms of publication rates and bibliometric parameters, and to analyze these data by making comparisons within and between these fields in Türkiye. Methods: The study included 1273 dissertations in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery registered in the National Thesis Center between 1995 and 2020. Data were obtained from search engines, and bibliometric parameters were collected, including publication status, publication time, research method, author's gender, affiliation, citation count, and journal index. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, and bibliometric networks were visualized using VOSviewer. Results: The overall publication rate was 39.5%, with thoracic surgery at 37.4% and cardiovascular surgery at 40.4%. Dissertations from universities had higher experimental and prospective study rates (17.2%) compared to training and research hospitals (2.9%), showing a significant difference (P < .001). Male researchers had a higher conversion rate of dissertations into articles (40.9%) compared to female researchers (31.7%) (P = .019). Articles published in SCIE journals had a shorter time to publication (3.7 years) and received more citations compared to other indexes (P < .001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that dissertations in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Türkiye have comparable publication rates to other medical specialties, with a significant preference for SCIE journals. The study highlights the need for improved research infrastructure in training hospitals. The higher publication rates and shorter publication periods of experimental studies underscore their scientific value and the motivation of researchers in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anatolian Physics & Astronomy is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The objective is to study to what extent the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with assisted conception (AC) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in a tertiary referral hospital. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective observational cohort study. Very-low-birth weight (VLBW) infants with gestational age (GA) <32 weeks or birth weight <1500 g were admitted to the neonatal unit of a tertiary care hospital between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. The study determined the degree of ROP developed according to the type of fertilization used for conception. Main outcome measures were ROP prevalence in pregnancies obtained after IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in the period from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021, in a tertiary hospital. Results: Of the 408 infants included in the study sample, 105 (25.7%) were born following AC and 12.4% of these developed ROP. In our sample, the practice of IVF was not associated with an increase in the incidence of VLBW infants (R² = 0.12; P = .29). Conclusion: Conception achieved via AC or IVF is not significantly associated with ROP in any degree of severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the surgical outcomes of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) for pediatric acute appendicitis in order to guide its future management. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including all children under the age of 14 years, who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis, during a period of 6 years (2013-2018). We divided our patients in two groups based on the surgical modality: the laparoscopic and open group. P values of less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 690 appendectomies were identified: 151 (22%) were performed laparoscopically and 539 (78%) via laparotomy. The demographic data were comparable between the 2 groups. There was no statistical difference regarding the age, sex. However the frequency of obese patients was higher in laparoscopic approach (P < .001).The mean operative time was significantly longer in the Laparoscopic group (77 ± 39, 6 minutes) compared with Open group (57 ± 27 minutes) (P < .001). Prophylactic drain placement was significantly more common in the open appendectomy group (P = .034). Patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy experienced a quicker recovery to apyrexia, reduced use of postoperative analgesics, and postoperative antibiotic compared to those undergoing open appendectomy (P < .05). The mean length of hospital stay was respectively 4 ± 1 day in LA group and 4 ± 2 days in the OA group. No significant difference was observed. The results showed no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the incidence of wound infection, intra abdominal abscess, intestinal obstruction and umbilical hernia (P > .05).There was no death in this study. Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy is safe and feasible for the management of appendicitis without significant influence on the complications rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The Turkish Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2017 revealed that 17.9% of students aged 13-15 used tobacco products and 7.7% smoked cigarettes. Given the high prevalence of smoking, it is important to evaluate the factors associated with quit attempts among adolescents. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with Turkish adolescents' attempts to quit smoking using Structural Equation Model (SEM) analyses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study utilized the data from GYTS 2017, which is a cross-sectional, nationally representative, schoolbased study carried out below 18-year-olds. The study population (n = 18 985) consisted of students who had smoked cigarettes within the past year. After excluding inconsistent responses, 9735 students remained for the analysis. The outcome was an attempt to quit smoking within the past year. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used for data analysis. The model had good fit (CFI = 0.917, TLI = 0.900, RMSEA = 0.032). RESULTS: Of the 9735 students, 66.4% were male. In the past 12 months, 56.3% (95%CI: 55.3%-57.3%) of smokers attempted to quit. Exposure to anti-tobacco policies (β = 0.114. P < .001) had positive direct effects, whereas sociodemographic factors (β = -0.086. P < .001), nicotine dependency (β = -0.037. P = .008) and exposure to second-hand smoke (β = -0.051. P < .001) had negative direct effects on quit attempts. CONCLUSION: More than half of the smokers attempted to quit, and nicotine dependence predicted quit attempts. Exposure to secondhand smoke decreased cessation attempts. Anti-tobacco policies such as sale restrictions and warnings of the dangers of tobacco products should be given high priority and enforced fully since they are the strongest predictors of quit attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Türk Pediatri Arşivi is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease, also known as pseudogout, is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis. A variety of comorbidities and metabolic conditions have been recognized to predispose to CPPD. We describe here a patient with chronic CPP arthritis due to hypomagnesemia, which is one of the metabolic etiologies associated with CPPD, especially in younger patients. We also performed a literature search and reviewed all reported cases of CPPD disease associated with hypomagnesemia. All cases of hypomagnesemia and its etiologies leading to CPP arthropathy identified in the literature by this systematic search are summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and stage of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: A total of 102 patient records of patients hospitalized between 2014 and 2019 in the adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinic of a tertiary university hospital in Turkey were evaluated. Data were collected through a retrospective evaluation of patient records. Records made according to the WHO Oral Toxicity Scale included in the patient records during hospitalization in the adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinic were evaluated. Oral mucositis data from recordings were analyzed at baseline, and on days 5, 10, 15, and 30). RESULTS: 96.1% (n = 98) of 102 patients developed oral mucositis; only 10.7% had Grade 3, and 2.7% had Grade 4. Oral mucositis development time was 8.28 ± 0.32 days, and recovery time was 14.25 ± 0.78 days. It was determined that smoking, diagnosis, transplantation type, and preparatory regimen affected the oral mucositis healing process. CONCLUSION: While the incidence of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our study was similar to be similar with the reported findings in the literature, the proportions of Grade 3 and 4 oral mucositis were lower in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: This research aimed to assess the financial literacy levels of healthcare professionals working at a Provincial Health Directorate and examine their relationships with various financial domains. METHODS: The study utilized a cross-sectional online survey. The financial literacy scale was employed to assess the financial knowledge and compentencies of healthcare professionals, providing a structured evaluation of their understandig across various financial domains. Statistical analyses, including correlation analysis, independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA, were performed using SPSS-25 and R programs. RESULTS: A total of 240 participants took part, comprising 52.1% males and 47.9% females, aged between 20 and 65 years. Younger healthcare professionals (p=.017) and males (p=.001) demonstrated higher financial literacy levels. Significant correlations were found between financial literacy and domains such as investment instruments, debt and risk management, and personal finance management. Weak but positive relationships were observed between financial literacy and digital assets, indicating emerging trends in digital finance awareness. For instance, males exhibited higher proficiency in investment instruments and debt management, while younger professionals displayed higher knowledge in investment areas. CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the importance of targeted financial education for healthcare professionals, highlighting the need for sector-specific training programs. Enhanced financial literacy is essential for improving financial decision-making, ultimately benefiting both personal financial well-being and professional performance in the healthcare sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To determine the effect of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on perfusion index, heart rate, and oxygen saturation in premature infants who were discharged early and admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the following days. METHODS: This study has a randomized controlled experimental design and uses a pretest--posttest control group model. This study included infants between December 2019 and December 2020 who were discharged early and subsequently admitted to the NICU. Experimental (n = 38) and control (n = 38) groups were assigned using the simple randomization technique at the NICU of a private university hospital in Istanbul, Türkiye. Heart rate, perfusion index, and oxygen saturation levels of the experimental group in which KMC was applied and the control group in which KMC was not applied were compared. Measurements of these parameters were made at 15-minute intervals for 45 minutes (0--1, 15, 30, 45 minutes). Data were collected via the Mother and Infant Introductory Information Form, Kangaroo Mother Care Preparation Checklist, Kangaroo Mother Care Physiological Parameter Monitoring Form, and Noninvaziv Pulse Co-Oximetry. Statistics of these data were performed with the independent sample t-test, Pearson's Chi-square, Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: In the experimental and control groups, infants' gestational age (31.11 ± 3.25 and 31.61 ± 3.04, respectively; p = .491) and weight (1778.29 ± 436.93 and 1953.29 ± 345.74, respectively; p = .057) were similar, and the differences were statistically insignificant. Before KMC, there was no difference between the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index values of the experimental and control groups (p > .05). From the first 15 minutes after the application of KMC to 45 minutes post-KMC, there was a significant decrease in (p = 0.001) and stabilization of heart rate and oxygen saturation in the experimental group compared with the control group. The heart rates in the experimental group at 15th, 30th, and 45th minutes during KMC were lower than in the control group (147.63 ± 11.04; 142.47 ± 11.94; 136.82 ± 13.22 and 153.13 ± 8.73; 154.50 ± 7.27; 154.84 ± 7.05, respectively). Also, their oxygen saturation during KMC was higher than in the control group (96.68 ± 2.08; 97.24 ± 2.18; 97.87 ± 1.66 and 94.79 ± 1.27; 94.66 ± 1.45; 94.39 ± 1.38, respectively). This significant difference between KMC on heart rate and oxygen saturation in the experimental group compared to the control group continued for 45 minutes after KMC. The perfusion index was significantly higher at 30 minutes and 45 minutes during KMC. However, although it continued after KMC, this change in perfusion index was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Kangaroo mother care helps to regulate the heart rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index of premature infants who were discharged early and admitted to the NICU in the following days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comparative analysis of coupled and uncoupled inductors within an interleaved boost converter. The study includes the derivation of steady-state variables and magnetic equations for each inductor configuration. To mitigate input current ripple issues in the conventional boost converter, interleaving techniques are employed. Additionally, the volume concerns associated with interleaving are addressed through the application of inductor coupling techniques. An interleaved boost converter topology with an input voltage of 200 V, an output voltage of 400 V, and a power rating of 3700 W has been designed with different inductor configurations. The advantages and disadvantages of each configuration have been comparatively analyzed. The utilization of coupled inductors results in a more compact, efficient, and cost-effective design when contrasted with the uncoupled configuration. The magnetic flux densities of each inductor configuration are compared to evaluate performance outcomes. To ensure accurate core loss calculations in ANSYS Maxwell, core loss coefficients provided by the manufacturer were not directly used. Instead, new coefficients were derived by generating data sets at five different frequencies. The finite element method (FEM) is used for the analysis of the proposed inductors, and analytical loss calculations are validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in energy costs and growing environmental concerns are driving investments in energy-saving technologies, particularly in the maritime industry, including fishing, marine operations, and shipbuilding. Shaft generators are highly favored for their ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, reliability, and low maintenance costs as an energy production system of choice. These systems are well-suited to meet the energy demands of military vessels. As current energy costs and environmental pressures continue to escalate, shaft generators are recognized as pivotal technologies supporting energy conservation efforts. This study provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the design and energy efficiency of two different shaft generator models employed on military ships. Using ANYSYS/Maxwell for design and analysis, the study evaluates power, torque, and efficiency across both models. The results emphasize that the efficiency of a shaft generator depends mainly on two factors: the number of motor poles and the operating frequency of the system. Moreover, the efficiency tends to decrease as the number of motor poles increases, but it improves as the system frequency rises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insights gained during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has underscored the critical role played by both innate and adaptive immune responses in determining the severity of diseases. This newfound understanding holds significant potential to bring about a paradigm shift in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of autoimmune conditions. Advanced technologies that are emerging in the field are expected to play a pivotal role in this transformation. These include the utilization of multi-omics analysis to stratify disease states, the application of precision medicine through the integration of digital technologies, and the implementation of telemedicine to bridge existing regional disparities in healthcare provision. The objective of this descriptive review is to offer a detailed overview of reclassifying cytokine storm diseases, explore the use of machine learning methodologies in autoimmune diseases, and highlight the importance of incorporating telemedicine and innovative prevention strategies into the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Through this review, we aim to present the most recent research findings and expert insights, and discuss the future prospects and directions in these areas of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with depression in approximately 15% of patients, most of whom have been studied using questionnaires. As the depression questionnaire includes questions about physical symptoms, caution should be exercised when interpreting the results due to an underlying disease. In addition, few studies have been conducted on other psychiatric disorders. Here, we examined the validity of diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis complicated by psychiatric disorders using a questionnaire. Methods: Forty-nine outpatients with RA who consented to participate in this study were included. The patient background information included age, sex, type of anti-rheumatic drug, prednisolone use, presence of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and C-reactive protein. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaires were used; scores of =10 on the PHQ-9 and =16 on the CES-D were considered the cut-off. The psychiatrist was blinded to the questionnaire results and arrived at a diagnosis based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM) in a separate room. Additionally, the specificity and sensitivity of the PHQ-9 and CES-D were examined. Results: Eleven patients had abnormal psychiatric diagnoses. The PHQ-9 had a specificity of 0.98, a sensitivity of 0.36, a positive predictive value of 0.80, and a negative predictive value of 0.89. The CES-D had a specificity of 0.87, a sensitivity of 0.91, a positive predictive value of 0.51, and a negative predictive value of 0.98. Conclusion: The PHQ-9 and CES-D may help screen for psychiatric disorders associated with RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to compare oral care with suction sponge swabs and standard sponge swabs to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 57 adult patients who remained intubated. Routine oral care was applied to the patients in group I using 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution and oral care stick 4 times a day for 7 days at 6-hour intervals. Oral care was given to the patients in group II using a suction swab and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution 4 times a day for 7 days. Every morning for 7 days, the intraoral mucosa of all groups of patients was assessed. The tracheal aspirate culture sample was taken from the patients after 48 hours and 7 days. The same forms for the posttest data of both groups were filled out 7 days later. The data were evaluated using the single-blind study. Results: Fewer patients developed VAP in group II than in group I. However, the superiority of 2 oral care materials in preventing VAP was not statistically significant (P > .05). In addition, regular care given to both groups was oral, and its effectiveness on mucosa was statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion: Regular oral care positively affects the oral mucosal condition. Standard oral care sticks and suction oral care sticks are essential for providing oral hygiene for patients in the intensive care unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Business Administration & Social Studies is the property of Aves Yayincilik Ltd. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The temporal bone and mandible, an articular disc, a number of ligaments, and numerous related muscles make up the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) which is a unique joint that not only permits sliding motion of the surfaces in one plane but also is the only joint where both the joints work together to create the bicondylar articulation. The American Academy of Orofacial Pain defines TMDs (temporomandibular joint disorders) as an umbrella term that covers a set of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions involving the masticatory musculature, the TMJ, and/or their associated structures with several etiologies ranging from inflammation to degenerative diseases causing muscle spasm and fatigue. Since TMDs (temporomandibular joint disorders) involve muscular, skeletal, and disc components, the imaging modalities used for diagnosis should be inclusive of these components. For the sake of understanding the imaging of the joint can be categorized into modalities to visualize soft and hard tissues. Due to the involvement of both soft tissue and osseous components in TMJ disorders, it is important to carefully evaluate patients and choose the best investigative modality, as they are becoming more prevalent. The present narrative review focuses on the different imaging modalities used in temporomandibular joint disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the theoretical and practical knowledge gap concerning traumatic dental injuries (TDI) within the medical education curriculum and among medical practitioners. The significance of addressing this gap is heightened by the fact that many TDI cases present to hospital emergency departments, where physicians often lack sufficient knowledge and experience in TDI management. Studies indicate significant deficiencies in educational programs in this regard, which consequently limit the capacity for emergency intervention. Therefore, the authors propose the integration of dental trauma education into the medical curriculum, expanding it to encompass both theoretical knowledge and practical applications. Diversified teaching methodologies are recommended to transmit this topic to medical students, including simulation-based learning, online courses, and interdisciplinary collaborations. It is believed that these approaches will increase students' learning effectiveness and enable them to make more competent interventions in emergencies. As a result, integrating dental trauma education into the medical curriculum is expected to improve the quality of patient care in emergency medicine by enhancing clinicians' clinical skills. The need for integrating this topic into the curriculum underscores the necessity of enriching medical education with a multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects and outcomes of the hybrid education model, which became widespread during the pandemic period, on medical students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods: A thorough sociodemographic data form and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were distributed to 531 medical students for this cross-sectional study. The students were contacted via online platforms and offered to complete the form using a Google Forms survey application. Results: It was shown that the individuals in the group with probable ADHD were less motivated outside of the university (P=.002), experienced greater difficulty focusing and paying attention (P < .001), and spent more time in front of screens outside of the classroom (P=.001). Similarly, negative affect scores related to eating habits were higher in the group with probable ADHD (P=.005). Moreover, physical complaints were found to be more frequent in the probable ADHD group (P=<.001). Conclusion: The findings of the present study corroborate the strong negative correlation that existed during the COVID-19 pandemic between ADHD symptoms and satisfaction with the educational system. Low motivation, concentration problems, poor eating habits, physical complaints, and more screen time have all been linked to symptoms of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Nutrition is an integral component of care in the intensive care unit. However, no international comparison has been published about the status and practices of nutrition nurses, their legal titles, gained certificates, and routine duties. To describe the working conditions, educational background, nutrition-related practices, challenges, and future development needs of nutrition nurses in Türkiye, the European countries, and the USA. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A thirty-three-item online cross-sectional survey was sent to nutrition support nurses in collaboration with national nutrition societies. The data were collected between November 2020 and August 2021. One-way ANOVA and chi-squared test were used to compare the three countries. Results: Eighty-one nurses completed the survey: 44 (54.4%) from Türkiye, 27 (33.3%) from the European countries, and 10 (12.3%) from the USA. All nurses in Türkiye reported having a clinical nutrition support team, while 88.8% in the European countries and 80% of nurses in the USA had this team (p=0.040). Significant differences were found in terms of nurses' age, length of service, estimated number of ambulant nutritional consultations per week, and time spent on nutritional practices during work (p<0.001). The type of first-line test for nasogastric tube placement was X-ray confirmation (70%) in the US, whereas it is auscultation (77.2%) in Türkiye and pH-testing of gastric aspirate (81.4%) in the European countries (p<0.001). The most frequently reported professional challenge among nurses in Türkiye (66%) and the European countries (22.5%) was having no legal job title. Conclusion: These findings reflect the broader picture of nutrition nurses' status and point out the need to develop standardized strategies for education and evidence-based nutrition practices. This study has revealed important differences in the roles and responsibilities of nutrition nurses. The study guides the future development needs of nutrition nurses, highlighting the standardized guidelines and protocols for nutrition practices and calling for comprehensive training programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different theories have been proposed for the pathogenesis of sinonasal polyposis, However, there is no consensus of opinions on a single widely accepted theory. This case, which demonstrates nasal polyp formation within an atretic nasal cavity, suggests that the aerodynamic theory may have little effect in the pathogenesis of sinonasal polyposis. A 29-year-old female suffered a long history of nasal obstruction mainly on the left side. Nasal endoscopic evaluation showed bilateral nasal polyposis with unilateral choanal atresia. She had a history of nasal surgery for nasal polyposis, atresia repair, and septoturbinoplasty with recurrence of symptoms 2 years later. Revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery and choanal atresial repair are done with the polyps' histopathological evaluation showing allergic nasal polyps. The formation of nasal polyps within an atretic nasal cavity suggests that the airflow and inhaled allergen-based explanation of nasal polyposis may have little to do with polyp formation at least in some patients and needs further evaluation. This leaves the door open for the many other possible etiologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Rhinosinusitis is a prevalent disease in children that can cause many substantial physical symptoms and have a detrimental influence on their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the predisposing factors, and management of pediatric rhinosinusitis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study using retrospective data from 324 pediatric rhinosinusitis patients was conducted. Demographics, predisposing factors, and management were recorded. Results: Many of the affected patients (50.3%) were between 6 and 11 years old. The predisposing factors were allergic rhinitis (97.2%), asthma (27.2%), upper respiratory tract infection (24.4%), adenoid hypertrophy (17.9%), and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (0.6%). A significant association was found between the age group with upper respiratory infection as a predisposing factor in pediatric rhinosinusitis (P-value .000). Most of our patients (99.7%) responded well to medical treatment, and 8.6% of them underwent surgical therapy, mainly adenotonsillectomy. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that allergic rhinitis was the most established predisposing factor for pediatric rhinosinusitis, followed by asthma, upper respiratory tract infection, and adenoid hypertrophy. Medical therapy was the mainstay of treatment for pediatric rhinosinusitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YKL-40 is a glycoprotein synthesized by several cell types, including macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells. It plays a role in several biological processes, such as tissue remodeling, inflammation, and cell proliferation. Research findings have shown that levels of YKL-40 tend to be higher in individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis. Elevated concentrations of YKL-40 have been associated with detrimental CV outcomes. In general, while the precise function of YKL-40 in CVDs is still under investigation, it is evident that this glycoprotein has significant potential as a biomarker for CVDs. Furthermore, CVD treatment has the potential to specifically target the protein YKL-40. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic sinonasal douchemaneuver is a unique maneuver that can be applied both inside the nose and to all sinuses due to the integrity of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses. This dynamic maneuver can be used as part of the treatment of nasal and paranasal sinus diseases by ensuring that the fluid taken into the nose reaches the sinuses with appropriate positioning and the patient's nasal breathing movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease, also known as pseudogout, is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis. A variety of comorbidities and metabolic conditions have been recognized to predispose to CPPD. We describe here a patient with chronic CPP arthritis due to hypomagnesemia, which is one of the metabolic etiologies associated with CPPD, especially in younger patients. We also performed a literature search and reviewed all reported cases of CPPD disease associated with hypomagnesemia. All cases of hypomagnesemia and its etiologies leading to CPP arthropathy identified in the literature by this systematic search are summarized in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homeopathy has mainly been used to treat several diseases. On the other hand, it has been used in a few rheumatic disorders. The aim of this article is to review the use of homeopathy in rheumatic diseases (RDs). PubMed and Embase databases were examined for literature on homeopathy and RDs between 1966 and April 2023. There are 15 articles found with 811 patients. The diseases treated were osteoarthritis (n = 3), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (n = 3), ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1), hyperuricemia (n = 1), and tendinopathy (n = 1). Age varied from 31 to 87 years old, and male gender ranged from 56.7% to 100%. Homeopathy changed from a fixed medicine to an individualized homeopathy. Most studies (9/15) demonstrated improvements after homeopathy. Side effects were not seen or minimal and were comparable to placebo groups. In conclusion, this review shows homeopathy is a promising and safe therapy for RD treatment. However, the data needs to be reproduced in future more extensive studies, including other rheumatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Spices, because of their bioactive content, can cause irritation and allergic symptoms in the respiratory system and skin. Spice shop workers are constantly exposed to spices and dried herbs as part of their jobs. This study aimed to investigate the work-related symptoms of spice shop workers. Another aim was to assess the risk status of having an atopic nature for work-related symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Our research team visited the spice shops and a questionnaire was administered to 112 workers to assess work-related symptoms. In order to determine atopy, 79 of them had skin prick tests with common aeroallergens. RESULTS: Workers had eye complaints (19.6%), runny noses (22.3%), skin symptoms (9.8%), shortness of breath (9.8%), and coughs (19.6%) at work. The prevalence of atopy was 18%. Atopy was associated with work-related eye complaints (odds ratio (OR): 4.12, 95% CI: 1.17-14.46), work-related runny nose, and work-related cough (OR: 4.85, 95% CI: 1.44-16.32, and OR: 4.41, 95% CI: 1.30-14.97). CONCLUSIONS: The workers in spice shops are adversely affected by spices and dried herbs in their working environment. Being sensitive to common aeroallergens poses a risk for occupational symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperglycemia and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes have been comprehensively described in the literature. Moreover, researchers have just about reached a consensus regarding the diagnostics and intervention algorithms for hyperglycemia after the 24th week of pregnancy. However, diagnostic thresholds and intervention algorithms remain controversial during the early pregnancy period. Hyperglycemia, especially during the organogenesis period, may promote serious adverse fetal outcomes like congenital malformations. In this regard, several guidelines have released varying recommendations. We aimed to summarize the current literature regarding the evaluation of mild hyperglycemia during the early pregnancy period. Patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the first trimester based on internationally accepted diagnostic criteria for the general population are beyond the scope of the current article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing importance of batteries across diverse sectors, spanning from consumer electronics to electric vehicles, underscores the critical necessity for precise battery models. This review delineates four primary categories of battery models: empirical, equivalent circuit, data-driven, and physics-based models. Empirical models like the Nernst and Shepherd models offer simplicity but lack precision. Equivalent circuit models strike a balance between simplicity and accuracy, albeit with validation constraints. Data-driven methods leverage machine learning to predict battery performance accurately but require high-quality datasets. Physics-based models integrate fundamental electrochemical processes for detailed understanding, albeit with heightened computational complexity. Comparative analyses, with a focus on lithium-ion batteries, reveal trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy. The Single Particle Model and its extension single particle model with electrolyte dynamics emerge as efficient options, with single particle model with electrolyte dynamics showing promising accuracy akin to Single Particle Model. Additionally, comparisons across different battery chemistries unveil varying levels of modeling precision. This article compares different electrochemical modeling techniques across chemistries to discern optimal methods. The electrochemical model, which is one of the battery modeling techniques, has been examined and investigated in detail in this study and has contributed to the literature on how the model with which chemistry works with which electrochemical model. In addition, this study contributed to the existing lithium ferro-phosphate chemistry modeling with optimization technique in pybamm. The synthesis offers insights into diverse modeling methodologies and their implications for battery research and development, guiding future investigations toward more tailored modeling strategies for specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: Computer vision syndrome has been an issue of concern among students who use digital devices continuously. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and level of knowledge on computer vision syndrome and its relationship with associated factors among undergraduate students in a public university in Malaysia. METHODS: This study was conducted between 26 May and 23 June 2022 at National University of Malaysia. A cross-sectional study among 208 undergraduate students from a public university was conducted. A self-reported questionnaire via Google Form was used to capture the data among the undergraduates. The prevalence and associated factors of computer vision syndrome were each evaluated using the validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire and Computer Vision Syndrome Survey Form 3 questionnaires, respectively, while knowledge of computer vision syndrome was assessed using a validated questionnaire from a previous study. All the data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0 software (IBM Corp.; Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: The prevalence of computer vision syndrome among undergraduates was 63.0% (n = 131), with 91.9% having poor knowledge of computer vision syndrome. Significant associations toward computer vision syndrome were found among undergraduates who have refractive errors/wearing glass (69.3%), screen edge at or above horizontal eye level (79.4%), uncomfortable sitting postures (79.4%) and close eye--screen distance (82.0%). In-depth analysis showed that having refractive errors/wearing glasses (aOR: 1.93; CI: 1.05, 3.57), uncomfortable sitting postures (aOR: 2.01; CI: 1.08, 3.74), and close eye--screen distance (aOR: 2.81; CI: 1.31, 6.05) had odd chance to develop computer vision syndrome. CONCLUSION: The study's findings denoted that digital device users should have more knowledge of computer vision syndrome and practice the preventable measures, such as proper viewing distance and angle, upright sitting postures, appropriate screen and surrounding illuminance, as well as regular eye check-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the factors that can predict the response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of the patients with OCD who underwent rTMS. The patients were categorized into 2 groups based on their Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale (Y-BOCS) scores before and after rTMS treatment: responders and non-responders. A response for patients with OCD was defined as a decrease of 35% or greater in Y-BOCS scores following rTMS. We compared sociodemographic and clinical variables in 2 groups. Additionally, binary regression analysis was performed to examine the parameters that predict the response to rTMS. Results: The study included 90 patients records. The mean age of the patients was 34.83 ± 10.54 years, and the most patients were female (70%, N = 60). After rTMS treatment, 78.9% of patients had a 35% or greater reduction in baseline Y-BOCS score. There was no significant difference in socio-demographic variables between the responder and non-responder groups, while the duration of OCD was statistically significantly longer in the non-responder group than in the responder group (12.05 ± 7.57 vs. 8.34 ± 5.17, P = .01). The binary regression analysis could not found any factors that significantly predicted the response to rTMS. Conclusion: The probability of OCD patients responding to rTMS treatment may decrease as the length of the condition increases. Consequently, psychiatrists may employ rTMS therapy at an early stage in patients with OCD, thereby enhancing the efficacy of rTMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to compare the characteristics of sexual assault, psychiatric disorders, somatic complaints, and descriptive features of suicidal behavior between women who have experienced sexual assault and those who have not. Methods: The study included 50 women, divided between those with and without a history of sexual assault, who were selected from female patients aged 18 and above seeking treatment at the Istanbul University Psychiatry Clinic. Sociodemographic and clinical forms were administered to individuals in both groups, supplemented by Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition, Text Revision), Suicidal Behavior Scale, and Somatoform Dissociation Scale to assess psychiatric diagnoses. Additionally, those with a history of sexual assault were given the Post Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. Results:Half of the women participating in the study had experienced sexual assault before the age of 18, with 74% reporting that the perpetrator was a family member. Among those who experienced sexual assault, post-traumatic stress disorder was the most prevalent diagnosis, followed by conversion disorder. Both conditions were notably more prevalent compared to the group without a history of sexual assault (P < .001). The scores for current suicidal ideation and the expression of suicidal ideation were significantly higher in the group with a history of sexual violence (P < .05). Conclusion: When examining women experiencing severe depression and somatic symptoms, it is important to incorporate an assessment of their experiences of sexual assault. Furthermore, it is imperative to carefully consider the suicide risk inherent in these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Journal of Rheumatology is an open access journal that covers various aspects of rheumatology. It publishes original articles, reviews, case-based reviews, and letters to the editor. The journal is aimed at academicians, practitioners, specialists, and students in the field of rheumatology. The document provides a schedule of sessions and presentations at a conference on autoimmune diseases, covering topics such as COVID-19, lupus, vasculitis, and novel approaches to handling autoimmune diseases. It also contains summaries of presentations on topics related to autoimmune diseases, including myositis, post-COVID syndrome, uveitis, and genetic predisposition to autoimmunity. The document discusses cell therapy, novel therapies, and the impact of environmental factors on autoimmune diseases. It explores the potential of CAR-T cell therapy, mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation, cannabis, therapeutic peptides, and RNA gene expression in the treatment and management of autoimmune diseases. The document also highlights the impact of COVID-19 on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), finding that SLE patients have an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and higher mortality rates. The document contains summaries of various research studies and discussions related to autoimmune diseases, covering topics such as inflammatory signals in myeloid cells, cardiovascular risk profile of rheumatoid arthritis patients, and immunonutritional status of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. It also explores subjects such as autoantib [Extracted from the article]