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This open access book provides a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between fungi and grapevines, covering contemporary mycological classifications, pathogens, the mycobiome, endophytes, and mycorrhizae. Inspired by the French book "La Vigne, Maladies Fongiques" by the same authors, which won first prize at the 2015 OIV book competition (Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin, Dijon), this work aims to extend and update that foundational text. The introduction delves into the origins and adaptability of grapevines in response to evolving fungal diseases, alongside an overview of their biology, epidemiology, and control measures. The second chapter covers the systematics of the genus Vitis, the developmental stages of the vine, the anatomy of various organs, the history and breeding of resistant varieties, and the natural defense mechanisms of grapevines against fungal infections. A significant portion of the book provides the latest insights into mycology, including chapters on fungal systematics and taxonomy, as well as the concepts of holobiome, microbiome, and mycobiome in relation to grapevines. The third part focuses on fungal diseases affecting green organs, wood, and roots, illustrated at macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels, and includes discussions on disease cycles and epidemiology. Additionally, there is a chapter dedicated to grafting systems and the specificity of fungi in nurseries. The final chapter addresses the control of fungal diseases, from historical perspectives to modern chemical groups of active ingredients, natural fungicides, and comprehensive disease management strategies. This includes application techniques, calibration of spraying equipment, drift reduction, and proper storage and handling of fungicides. This open access book serves as a key reference on the complex interactions between fungi and grapevines for scientists, students, and winegrowers, offering extensive practical knowledge and a rich scientific background based on over thirteen years of research by the authors.

Handbook of AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY This book provides state-of-the-art information about recent advancements in the application of nanobiofungicides for effective management of post-harvest diseases and agricultural fungal diseases, including blights, mildews, molds, and rusts. The book details the formulation and standardization of nanobiofungicides, as well as their application in the management of biotic and abiotic stress. It provides relevant information on the isolation, characterization, purification, and structural characterization of active constituents, using spectroscopic techniques and explains the quarantine and regulatory issues that are associated with nanobiofungicides (derived from plants and other biogenic sources), as well as various regulatory bodies that manage the control of pesticides on agricultural products. Readers will learn about the application of nanobiofungicides when applied as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne and root-borne plant pathogens; the management of mycotoxin; the non-target effect of plant-based nanobiofungicides when applied in the greenhouse and field (such as rate of CO2 evolution, organic carbon content, enzymatic activity, acidic and alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenases, urease, and protease); and the effect on soil microorganisms using different assay techniques. Furthermore, the book provides information on several plant materials that could serve as nanobiofungicdes, and explains the procedure involved in the characterization of plant-based nanobiofungicides (using TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, UV, zeta potential, dynamic light-scattering). Finally, it offers a specific illustration on the application of microencapsulation and nanoformulation technology in the synthesis of plant-based nanobiofungicides. Audience The book is a useful resource for a diverse audience, including industrialists, food industry professionals, agriculturists, agricultural microbiologists, plant pathologists, botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, nanotechnologists, microbial biotechnologists, farmers, policymakers, and extension workers.

The current volume focuses on novel sources of biofungicides, primarily providing complete knowledge of microbial and phytochemical fungicides, studying antifungal activity mechanisms as well as their role in disease management in plants, and fungicide bioremediation. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly alternative to typical synthetic fungicides is projected to play a significant role in organic farming in the future.Key Features: Discovers novel sources of biofungicides Describes the role of biofungicides in the control of plant diseases Studies antifungal activity mechanisms Explores how to survey and select promising biofungicides

The emergence of fungicide resistance is a major challenge facing agriculture. With increasing regulation and costs limiting the development of new fungicides, farmers remain reliant on a relatively small group of working fungicides, many of which are decreasingly effective as major crop disease pathogens develop resistance to them.Understanding and minimising fungicide resistance provides an authoritative review on the wealth of research on understanding the development of fungicide resistance in agricultural crops and the establishment of preventative measures which can be implemented to limit its spread and the consequent impact of disease on yields. This collection includes ways of understanding and preventing resistance to key groups of fungicides, such as SBI, Qol, SDHI and OSPBI.

The current volume focuses on all the major concerns associated with the biofungicides and provides comprehensive knowledge of microbial and phytochemical fungicides, bioformulations, regulation as well as limitation of biofungicides, and their role in disease management in plants. The use of biofungicides as eco-friendly alternative to traditional synthetic fungicides is likely to play a major role in organic farming in the future.

This is an up-to-date guide on the science and practice of disease control based on fungicides in horticulture and broad acre agriculture. It describes how conventional, organic and biological fungicides are discovered, how they work and how resistance evolves. Chapters on formulation, mode of action, mobility and application inform decisions about which fungicides to use, when to use them, and how to rotate (or tank-mix) them, to manage both plant disease and fungicide resistance. A chapter on experimental design of fungicide trials aids practitioners in designing their own trials to evaluate how effective products are for their plant disease problem. Based on the successful 2014 book of Fungicides in Crop Protection this edition has four entirely new chapters, and extensive updates to the other nine chapters. The contents include: · Fungicide markets, discovery and performance. · Modes of action and spectrum. · Biological crop protection, and organic cultivation. · Fungicide formulation, mobility and application. · Experimental design of fungicide trials and their analysis. · Fungicide resistance. · Legislation and regulation. Written for crop protection professionals and scientists, growers, agronomists and consultants, the book is also suitable for students of agriculture and agronomy.

Arachis hypogaea L., commonly known as the groundnut or peanut, is a versatile legume that is grown primarily for its edible seeds and is consumed worldwide. Groundnut requires a warm growing season with well distributed rainfall, and India and China are responsible for providing just over half of the world's supply. However, in most African countries, groundnut is grown on marginal soil under low input and requires the attention of researchers and policy makers. Accordingly, the first two chapters of this monograph detail the cultivation, breeding, and nutritional value of groundnut. Chapter 3 deals with the management of peanut diseases, focusing specifically on the use of azoxystrobin plus benzovindiflupyr as a fungicide for treatment of early leaf spot, peanut pod rot, and other issues. Chapter 4 details how stored peanuts can be protected from fungi and aflatoxins contamination using free and microencapsulated 2(3)-tert-butyl-4 hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Fungi are responsible for a great number of diseases in plants and cause crop loss. The spread of fungal diseases can be controlled by crop management, rotation systems, the use of resistant cultivars and the application of fungicides. Fungicides are often employed by farmers due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, fungicides are expensive, and their effectiveness is reduced when the pathogen develops a resistance. Additionally, the excessive use of fungicides represents a potential risk for the environment and for human health. Apart from their use, the production generates pollution, and the natural degradation of the majority of fungicides is very complex. Due to the high persistence of fungicides, it is important to consider their residues in food. This book attempts to shed light on fungi biology, their ecology and their infection mechanisms; fungicide use and management, from their place in the market until their modes of action; the fungicide effects, the mechanisms of action and the way to increase their efficiency. In addition, other topics are considered such as the appearance of resistance, the causes and the methods employed to prevent or decrease their incidence. Finally, the latest trends in analytical determinations and new technologies are also included, like computer simulations that may help scientists to make predictions and act accordingly.

Validamycin and Its Derivatives: Discovery, Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activity presents, for the first time, a complete review of the underlying chemistry, synthesis, behavior and application of these compounds. Beginning with an introduction to validamycin, the book then outlines the key elements of its discovery and production, including details of its structures, isolation, analysis, and issues relating to its large scale production. Biological activities are then explored in more detail, followed by details of biosynthesis. Further to this, the chemical synthesis of validamycin and its intermediates, including valienamine, validamine, valiolamine, and validoxylamines is reviewed, before preparation of these derivatives and their biological activities are explored. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of the economic aspects of working with validamycin and its potential in future applications and trends. With its detailed chemical coverage from a team of expert authors, this detailed guide can be applied to the large-scale industrial production of antibiotics and the adaptation of bioactive agents, from agricultural, to novel pharmaceutical applications. - Offers complete coverage of validamycin chemistry from a highly experienced team of authors - Encourages the discovery of further novel drugs based on validamycin derivatives - Presents an interesting model for establishing new pharmaceutical leads from agricultural sources - Includes coverage of the total chemical synthesis of validamycin and its intermediates, including valienamine, validamine, valiolamine and validoxylamines

Dehydroacetic Acid and Its Derivatives: Useful Synthons in Organic Synthesis outlines the use of DHA and its derivatives for the synthesis of pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds. Beginning with an introduction to the chemistry and reactivity of Dehydroacetic Acid, the book goes on to outline the key ring transformation reactions of DHA. The synthesis of various derivatives is then discussed, before a wide range of metal complexes of DHA are explored in detail. The book then concludes with a review of DHA's biological importance and its impressive range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and analgesic properties. For those researching the synthesis of bioactive heterocyclic compounds, this book is a valuable guide on the fundamental knowledge needed to facilitate and enhance the successful synthesis of lead molecules. - Gives detailed information on the underlying chemistry of Dehydroacetic acid and its derivatives - Highlights different approaches for the synthesis of derivatives, including metal complexes - Explores the biological importance of Dehydroacetic Acid