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The book covers a diverse range of topics based on computational studies, including modeling and simulations based on quantum chemical studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It contains quantum chemical studies on several molecules, including biologically relevant molecules and liquid crystals and various aspects of superatomic clusters including superalkalis and superhalogens. It gives an overview of MD simulations and their applications on biomolecular systems such as HIV-1 protease and integrase.Features: Includes first principle methods, density functional theory, as well as molecular dynamics simulations. Explores quantum chemical studies on several molecules. Gives readers an overview of the power of computation. Discusses superatomic clusters, superalkalis, and superhalogens. Covers themes from molecules, clusters, materials, as well as biophysical systems. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in materials science and computational and theoretical chemistry.

Superhalogens and Superalkalis is a comprehensive volume designed as the go-to resource on the exciting and evolving topics of these special classes of atomic clusters and the acid salt that results from their interactions. The book details how these substances possess not only unusual structures but also unique properties which can be exploited for various applications.Superhalogens'strong oxidizing capacity, resulting from their high-electron affinity, leads to their applications in the design of superacids, organic superconductors, and ionic liquids. The low ionization energy of superalkalis enables them to act as strong reducing agents, making them useful in the design of superbases and alkalides. Illustrated throughout, this timely book provides an overview of the research and development on these and other aspects of superhalogen and superalkalis.Key features: Offers a basic introduction of superatoms that is accessible for readers to understand Includes extensive study questions after each chapter Provides a systematic presentation of the existing literature on this increasingly trending topic Presents the latest developments in the field, offering readers state-of-art knowledge This book is a key reference guide for graduate students, postdocs, upper-level undergraduate students, academic professionals, and researchers who are interested in this fascinating topic.

Several plant bioactives or plant-derived therapeutic molecules have been used against life-threatening diseases and their nanoparticle-mediated delivery greatly improves therapeutic efficacy. Advances in Phytonanotechnology for Treatment of Various Diseases aims to describe past and recent advances achieved in the field of phytonanotechnology. The chapters of this book provide thorough knowledge of medicinal plants, plant bioactives, plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis, delivery of plant bioactives through nanoparticles, and their therapeutic activity against life-threatening diseases. This book focuses on the therapeutic activity of phytocomponents present in plants from diverse families, genera, and species. The book also covers future aspects and challenges present in phytonanotechnology for curing human diseases. This book fulfils the thrust of researchers working in this field, which further encourages them to make new discoveries in this area and support the development of effective nanoparticle-mediated plant bioactive delivery platforms for treating human diseases.Key Features Provides information on medicinal plants and plant bioactives used in the treatment of various life-threatening diseases Covers green synthesis of nanoparticles as well as their toxicological and biological effects Explores various nanocarriers routinely used in the delivery of plant bioactives and their efficacy for future drug delivery Envisages future opportunities, challenges, and implementation made in phytonanotechnology-based treatment of human diseases

Ginger is a flowering plant originally from Southeast Asia that is commonly used as a spice and is well-known for its various health benefits. Several of these benefits are described in detail in the four chapters of this book. Chapter One provides knowledge about ginger's beneficial effects in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Chapter Two highlights the composition and properties of ginger, oral application, and its future scope in dentistry. Chapter Three includes a case study of ginger extraction using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation to compare images from before and after the extraction process of ginger. Lastly, Chapter Four addresses the state of the art of research on the use of ginger in health promotion.

Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing is currently receiving much interest from industry and regulatory authorities, with the joint aim of allowing rapid access of novel therapeutics and existing medications to the public, without compromising high quality. Research groups from different academic institutions have significantly contributed to this field with an immense amount of published research addressing a variety of topics related to continuous processing. The book is structured to have individual chapters on the different continuous unit operations involved in drug substance and drug product manufacturing. A wide spectrum of topics are covered, including basic principles of continuous manufacturing, applications of continuous flow chemistry in drug synthesis, continuous crystallization, continuous drying, feeders and blenders, roll compaction and continuous wet granulation.The underlying theme for each of these chapters is to present to the reader the recent advances in modeling, experimental investigations and equipment design as they pertain to each individual unit operation. The book also includes chapters on quality by design (QbD) and process analytical technology (PAT) for continuous processing, process control strategies including new concepts of quality-by-control (QbC), real-time process management and plant optimization, business and supply chain considerations related to continuous manufacturing as well as safety guidelines related to continuous chemistry. A separate chapter is dedicated to discussing regulatory aspects of continuous manufacturing, with description of current regulatory environment quality/GMP aspects, as well as regulatory gaps and challenges.Our aim from publishing this book is to make it a valuable reference for readers interested in this topic, with a desire to gain a fundamental understanding of engineering principles and mechanistic studies utilized in understanding and developing continuous processes. In addition, our advanced readers and practitioners in this field will find that the technical content of Continuous Pharmaceutical Processing is at the forefront of recent technological advances, with coverage of future prospects and challenges for this technology.

A guide to the development and manufacturing of pharmaceutical products written for professionals in the industry, revised second edition The revised and updated second edition of Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry is a practical book that highlights chemistry and chemical engineering. The book's regulatory quality strategies target the development and manufacturing of pharmaceutically active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. The expanded second edition contains revised content with many new case studies and additional example calculations that are of interest to chemical engineers. The 2nd Edition is divided into two separate books: 1) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API's) and 2) Drug Product Design, Development and Modeling. The active pharmaceutical ingredients book puts the focus on the chemistry, chemical engineering, and unit operations specific to development and manufacturing of the active ingredients of the pharmaceutical product. The drug substance operations section includes information on chemical reactions, mixing, distillations, extractions, crystallizations, filtration, drying, and wet and dry milling. In addition, the book includes many applications of process modeling and modern software tools that are geared toward batch-scale and continuous drug substance pharmaceutical operations. This updated second edition: Contains 30new chapters or revised chapters specific to API, covering topics including: manufacturing quality by design, computational approaches, continuous manufacturing, crystallization and final form, process safety Expanded topics of scale-up, continuous processing, applications of thermodynamics and thermodynamic modeling, filtration and drying Presents updated and expanded example calculations Includes contributions from noted experts in the field Written for pharmaceutical engineers, chemical engineers, undergraduate and graduate students, and professionals in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and manufacturing, the second edition of Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industryf ocuses on the development and chemical engineering as well as operations specific to the design, formulation, and manufacture of drug substance and products.

Special topic volume with invited peer reviewed papers only

When elite ultrarunners have a need for speed, they turn to coach Jason Koop. Now the sport's leading coach makes his highly effective ultramarathon training methods available to ultrarunners of all abilities in his book Training Essentials for Ultrarunning. Ultramarathoners have traditionally piled on the miles or tried an approach that worked for a friend. Yet ultramarathons are not just longer marathons; simply running more will not prepare you for the race experience you want. Ultramarathon requires a new and specific approach to training. Training Essentials for Ultrarunning will revolutionize training for those who want to race an ultramarathon instead of just gutting it out to the finish line.Koop's race-proven ultramarathon program is based on sound science, the most current research, and years of experience coaching the sport's star runners to podium performances. Packed with practical advice and vetted training methods, Training Essentials for Ultrarunning is the new, must-have resource for first-timers and ultramarathon veterans.Runners using Training Essentials for Ultrarunning will gain much more than Koop's training approach:· The science behind ultramarathon performance.· Common ultramarathon failure points and how to solve them.· How to use interval training to focus workouts, make gains, reduce injuries, and race faster.· Simple, effective fueling and hydration strategies.· Koop's A.D.A.P.T. method for making the right decisions to solve a race-day crisis.· How to plan your ultra season for better racing.· Course-by-course coaching guides to iconic U.S. ultramarathons including American River 50, Badwater 135, Hardrock 100, Javelina 100, JFK 50, Lake Sonoma 50, Leadville 100, Vermont 100, Wasatch 100, and Western States 100.· How to achieve your goal, whether it's finishing or winning.A revolution is coming to ultrarunning as ultramarathoners shed old habits and embrace the smarter methods that science and experience show are better. Featuring stories and advice from ultrarunning stars Dakota Jones, Kaci Lickteig, Dylan Bowman, Timothy Olson, and others who work with Koop, Training Essentials for Ultrarunning is the go-to guide for first-time ultrarunners and competitive ultramarathoners.

Being the premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of Industrial Engineering, IEEM 2015 aims to provide a high-level international forum for experts, scholars and entrepreneurs at home and abroad to present the recent advances, new techniques and applications face and face, to promote discussion and interaction among academics, researchers and professionals to promote the developments and applications of the related theories and technologies in universities and enterprises, and to establish business or research relations to find global partners for future collaboration in the field of Industrial Engineering. All the goals of the international conference are to fulfill the mission of the series conference which is to review, exchange, summarize and promote the latest achievements in the field of industrial engineering and engineering management over the past year, and to propose prospects and vision for the further development. This volume isthe first of the two proceedings volumes from this conference.

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International conference on Mechatronics and Intelligent Materials (MIM 2014), May 18-19, 2014, LiJiang, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Advanced Nano-Technology and Biomedical Material (ANTBM 2014), June 29-30, 2014, Guangzhou, China

Selected, peer reviewed papers from the Second International Conference on Applied Mechanics, Materials and Manufacturing (ICAMMM 2012), November 17-18, 2012, Changsha, China

In their second year in medical school, students begin to learn about the differences between'disease'and'illness.'In their studies of pathology they learn to understand disease as pertubations of molecular biological events. And we clinicians can show disease to them by our scans, lay it out even on our genetic scrolls, and sometimes even point out the errant nucleotide. Disease satisfies them and us; at Yale, lectures on the gastrointestinal tract run from achalasia to proctitis. There is, alas, little mention of functional bowel disease or of the irritable or spastic colon, for that is not easy to show on hard copy. Functional bowel disease represents'illness,'the response of the person to distress, to food, to the environment, and to the existential problems of living. In real life such matters are most important. Richard Cabot first found out at the Massachusetts General Hospital almost a century ago that 50% of the patients attending the outpatient clinic had'functional'complaints. The figure had grown to over 80% when the very same question was reexamined 60 years later.

Unlock the secrets and health benefits of this ancient internal Chinese martial art! T'ai Chi Ch'uan (or taijiquan), a Chinese internal martial art, is best appreciated in the West for its health and fitness benefits, as an art of self-defense, and as a spiritual path. In classical Tai Chi, these aspects form an inseparable unity.In this guide to the classical Yang style, Petra and Toyo Kobayashi present the foundations of T'ai Chi Ch'uan and give comprehensive insights into its methods. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the inner energy--Ch'i--and its contribution to a refined practice of T'ai Chi and its application in self-defense.This Tai Chi book contains a clear and fully illustrated exploration of the 37 positions of the Yang style's short form and a basic partner exercise, Push Hands. Easy-to-follow photographs and diagrams with step-by-step instructions will help you to improve your practice. Ideal for practitioners at any level. Chapters include:The StylesThe PrinciplesQuotations from Old MastersSixty-Four Questions and Answers About T'ai Chi Ch'uanSix Levels of DevelopmentThe Thirteen Basic Positions and TechniquesAdvanced PracticeImportant Questions to Ask Yourself and more!

Gastrointestinal function represents an important, and hitherto inappropriately neglected, aspect of diabetes management. Disordered gastrointestinal motor and sensory function occurs frequently in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. During the last two decades there has been a rapid expansion in knowledge in this area. It is now recognised that upper gastrointestinal motility is pivotal to the regulation of postprandial blood glucose concentrations in both health and patients with diabetes. This book is the first of its kind and was stimulated by the need to consolidate these recent advances, which dictate that a knowledge of gastroenterology as it relates to diabetes is now required of the clinician/diabetologist. • Features an organ-specific overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of disordered gastrointestinal (including hepatobiliary and pancreatic) function in diabetes mellitus • Contains guidelines for the clinician, diabetologist and gastroenterologist for both diagnosis and management • Includes a comprehensive description of the relation between gastrointestinal function, gastrointestinal hormones, autonomic nerve function and glycaemic control in animal models • Covers the development of new treatment options, particularly those targeted at the reduction of postprandial hyperglycaemia, to optimise glycaemic control This book will be of interest to gastroenterologists, diabetologists, specialist nurses and clinical researchers.