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• Explores more than 400 species of lichens, alongside full-color photos• Shows the ways that indigenous peoples of North America have traditionally used lichens for food, clothing, dye, paint, and medicine• Explains in detail the scientific research behind the potency of lichen chemicals to heal many human conditionsLichens—a symbiosis of fungi, algae, bacteria, and yeast—can grow on nearly any surface and thrive in an extremely wide range of environments, including on the International Space Station. Used for millennia by Indigenous people, lichens are now being recognized by modern science for their unique medicinal potential, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, viruses, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.In Medicinal Lichens, Robert Dale Rogers explores more than 400 species of North American lichens, including full-color photographic examples. He explains how lichens are members of the Fungi kingdom and, surprisingly, more biologically related to humans than to plants. He looks at what types of lichens we can find in geographic regions and habitats and shows how lichens are an indicator species, revealing the health of the environment and neighboring life forms, including that of humans. Rogers also explores each lichen chemical's healing properties, showing how pharmacological researchers are rediscovering the ancient wisdom of lichens long known by Indigenous peoples.Showcasing the benefits as well as the beauty of lichens, this book demonstrates how lichens are the perfect example of strength, cooperation, and harmonious living—Indigenous wisdom with the power to inform our modern way of life.

The primary aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive understanding of food adulteration and toxicology, food safety standards for quality assurance, food bioterrorism, the adverse effects of food contact packaging materials, nanotechnology, and omics technologies in the detection of food adulteration. It delves into the adulteration of various food categories, such as cereals, pulses, oils, fats, fruits, vegetables, milk and milk-based products, meat and meat-based products, and nutraceuticals, while highlighting recent trends in detection methods. Additionally, the book sheds light on global trends in food authenticity, traceability, branding, consumer preferences, and the challenges faced in preventing and detecting food adulteration and food fraud. This book serves as an illuminating guide to the latest advancements in the detection of adulteration in foods and beverages, as well as the diverse range of raw materials used in their production. It is an invaluable resource for anyone with an interest in ensuring the safety and authenticity of food on a global scale. The comprehensive collection of insights into adulteration, detection methods, food science, food culture, and the rapid techniques employed to identify food adulterants places a strong emphasis on both classical and contemporary approaches to detecting food adulteration in a wide array of food categories, making this book unique. It covers cereals, legumes, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, fish, and meat, and highlights emerging trends and utilization of point-of-care devices, as well as cutting-edge omic technologies. Beyond the laboratory, it also explores global trends in food authenticity, traceability, branding, and consumer preferences. It also covers the strategic measures taken to prevent food fraud and addresses the multifaceted challenges faced in the ongoing battle against adulteration and food fraud. In essence, this book offers a holistic perspective on the critical issue of food adulteration, making it an indispensable reference for researchers, food professionals, policymakers, and anyone passionate about preserving the integrity of our food supply in an ever-evolving world.

This book explores the ongoing debate between shallow and deep learning in the field of machine learning. It provides a comprehensive survey of machine learning methods, from shallow learning to deep learning, and examines their applications across various domains. Shallow Learning vs Deep Learning: A Practical Guide for Machine Learning Solutions emphasizes that the choice of a machine learning approach should be informed by the specific characteristics of the dataset, the operational environment, and the unique requirements of each application, rather than being influenced by prevailing trends. In each chapter, the book delves into different application areas, such as engineering, real-world scenarios, social applications, image processing, biomedical applications, anomaly detection, natural language processing, speech recognition, recommendation systems, autonomous systems, and smart grid applications. By comparing and contrasting the effectiveness of shallow and deep learning in these areas, the book provides a framework for thoughtful selection and application of machine learning strategies. This guide is designed for researchers, practitioners, and students who seek to deepen their understanding of when and how to apply different machine learning techniques effectively. Through comparative studies and detailed analyses, readers will gain valuable insights to make informed decisions in their respective fields.

This book highlights a comprehensive summary of the latest advances in research and applications of laser cleaning. As an innovative way of surface treatment, laser cleaning has received increasing global attention in today's environmentally conscious world. Laser cleaning has gone through a long history from theories to technological developments, and to a wide spectrum of applications. The book first presents the fundamental physics of laser cleaning and demonstrates how the theories have guided the innovation of technology and applications. Following that, the new and most used equipment for laser cleaning has been introduced. Applications in electrics, paint removal, rust removal, the mold industry, cultural heritage protection, and other fields are summarized with plenty of examples and discussions. The book is a valuable reference in laser cleaning for researchers who seek inspiration for their research, engineers who need specific information to guide their work, and students who must learn systematically with working examples.

This is an Open Access book. 2024 International Conference on Mechanics, Electronics Engineering and Automation (ICMEEA 2024), will be held in Singapore during July 26 to 28, provides a forum for researchers and experts involved in different but related domains to confront research results. The scope of ICMEEA 2024 includes the research and development of collaboration technologies to mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, control system and automation of systems. The conference aims to provide a platform for researchers, academicians, and industry professionals to converge and explore the latest advancements, breakthroughs, and challenges in the fields of Mechanical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, and Automation. Focusing on innovation and future prospects, the event will foster knowledge exchange, collaboration, and the dissemination of cutting-edge research that contributes to the evolution of these interconnected disciplines. Join us as we delve into the transformative potential of technology, discuss emerging trends, and chart the course for a dynamic and interconnected future in mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, and automation.

This book contains the abstracts presented at the 12th International Conference on Fracture Fatigue and Wear (FFW 2024), which was held in Xi'an, China, during the period 28-31 July 2024. Previous conferences were celebrated in Jinan (China, 2010), Kitakyushu (Japan, 2013), Kitakyushu (Japan, 2014), Ghent (Belgium, 2015), Kitakyushu (Japan, 2016), Porto (Portugal, 2017) and Ghent (Belgium, 2018 - 2023). The overall objective of the conference is to bring together international scientists and engineers in academia and industry in fields related to fracture mechanics, fatigue of materials, tribology and wear of materials. The conference covers industrial engineering applications in the above fields, including theoretical and analytical methods, numerical simulations and experimental techniques. One of the aims of the conference is to promote cooperation between international scientists and engineers from a large number of disciplines who are involved in research related to fracture, fatigue and wear.

Spintronics, being a part of electronics, is under intense development for about forty years and mainly concerns transport of electronics spin in low-dimensional structures. This field, based on often difficult theoretical concepts of quantum physics, has surprisingly strong and real technological and application consequences. Thus, spintronic solutions concern memory systems, information processing devices and are used as sensors to detect variety of physical fields. The early development of this field can be associated with the names of such scientists as: E. I. Rashba, A. Fert, P. Grünberg, J. Barnaś, B. Hillebrands, G. Güntherodt, I. K. Schuller, M. Grimsditch, A. Hoffman, P. Vavassori, and S. Datta. This list is absolutely not closed and might be easily extended, however, it results rather from scientific history and contacts with people who influenced the research carriers of the authors. The authors give in this up-dated 2nd edition an insight into this emerging field providing theoretical and experimental aspects of spintronics and guide readers from a basic understanding of fundamental processes to recent applications and future possibilities opened by ongoing research. The textbook is suited for students and for interested scientists who were discouraged by the theoretical formalism only.

Soft computing applications plays a crucial role in civil engineering applications, with engineers striving to create outstanding designs that prioritize safety, aesthetics, cost-efficiency, and environmental considerations. Advanced optimization techniques are especially valuable for complex systems including multi-constraint problems, multi-objective problems and control problems needing iterative processes in solving differential equations.Throughout history, people have used their creativity to enhance designs in everyday tasks, and this is where metaheuristics come into play, drawing inspiration from nature to develop novel algorithms. These artificial intelligence-based algorithms possess distinctive attributes, and leveraging various features from different algorithms can enhance the effectiveness of optimization, improving precision, computational efficiency, and convergence.This book serves as a timely resource, summarizing the latest advancements in civil engineering optimization, encompassing both metaheuristic approaches and emerging trends that integrates artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to predict optimal solutions, streamlining lengthy optimization processes.The book's chapters cover a wide range of civil engineering applications, with the primary goal being to introduce fundamental concepts and advanced adaptations. This comprehensive resource is designed to provide undergraduates and graduate engineering students with a solid understanding of materials and content, making it a valuable reference for university courses in various civil engineering disciplines.The book will be edited, and the editors will contribute to most of the chapters. Depending on the availability of high-quality papers, the editors may increase their contributions by sharing recent research projects and postgraduate students'theses.

Research in functional nanomaterials has been expanded exponentially since the turn of the millennium, and these nanomaterials have become more structurally complex in order to achieve the desired properties and functionalities. Scientists had taken ideas from evolution in nature and adapted these ideas for materials synthesis. We also exploit the unique properties of simple molecular systems for making functional nanomaterials. This book offers a comprehensive account on the recent development of several key classes of nanomaterials and their applications in various scientific areas. It summarizes the synthesis, development and characterization for each type of materials. The six chapters start with the simplest'zero'-dimensional nanoparticles and then gradually increase in complexity of the materials towards synthesis using biological templates. Researchers in materials science, nanotechnology and chemistry, especially those interested in functional materials, can use this book as a useful reference.

This volume explores vegetables and plant metabolites as nutraceuticals that provide nutritional importance in the prevention and/or treatment of human diseases and for maintaining the body's energy balance.Key features: Considers applications and implications of plant metabolites and vegetables as nutraceuticals in healthcare Discusses the mechanisms of plant metabolites and vegetables to support the prevention and treatment of cancer, gout, heart disease, liver disease, Parkinson's and other brain diseases, and gastrointestinal disease Explores the role of phytochemicals bioactive compounds as nutraceuticals in healthcare Looks at the relationship between eating fruits and vegetables and the incidence of serious and chronic diseases With contributions from renowned scientists and researchers around the globe, the volume provides up-to-date information that offers insights on the value of plant metabolites and vegetables as nutraceuticals that will be of interest to academicians, scientists, researchers, and industry professionals worldwide.

This book is a comprehensive reference manual that contains essential information on thermoforming processing and technology. The field of thermoforming is experiencing rapid development driven by commercial factors; millions of tons of polymers are manufactured for use in various applications, both as commodity and specialty polymers. Building on the previous edition published about ten years ago, this edition includes new, as well as, fully revised chapters and updated information on materials and processes. The book is designed to provide practitioners with essential information on processing and technology in a concise manner. The book caters to both engineers and experts by providing introductory aspects, background information, and an overview of thermoforming processing and technology. The troubleshooting section includes flowcharts to assist in correcting thermoforming processes. >em>Thermoforming: Processing and Technology offers a complete account of thermoplastics, covering properties and forming, with chapters providing perspective on the technologies involved. Readers will find it: serves as a handy knowledge source for professionals who occasionally work on thermoforming projects or need to refresh their knowledge; offers a troubleshooting guide that can help to identify and solve challenges that may arise in thermoforming processes; provides insights into process optimization, helping businesses improve efficiency, reduce waste, and enhance the quality of thermoformed products; acts as a course book to inform students about the thermoforming process. Audience The book will be of interest to mechanical, materials engineers, and process engineers who are involved in designing and optimizing thermoforming processes; professionals in the manufacturing and production industries who use thermoforming as a manufacturing method, such as in the production of plastic packaging, automotive components, and consumer goods; scientists, researchers, and students in plastics/polymer engineering and technology, materials science, polymer technology; professionals responsible for ensuring product quality and compliance with industry standards.

The Volume 1 book on Accelerating Discoveries in Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (Proceedings of ICDSAI 2023), that was held on April 24-25, 2023 by CSUSB USA, the International Association of Academicians (IAASSE), and the Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, India is intended to be used as a reference book for researchers and practitioners in the disciplines of AI and data science. The book introduces key topics and algorithms and explains how these contribute to healthcare, manufacturing, law, finance, retail, real estate, accounting, digital marketing, and various other fields. The book is primarily meant for academics, researchers, and engineers who want to employ data science techniques and AI applications to address real-world issues. Besides that, businesses and technology creators will also find it appealing to use in industry.

This volume aims to present the latest advancements in experimental, analytical, and numerical methodologies aimed at exploring the nonlinear dynamics of diverse systems across varying length and time scales. It delves into the following topics:Methodologies for nonlinear dynamic analysis (harmonic balance, asymptotic techniques, enhanced time integration)Data-driven dynamics, machine learning techniquesExploration of bifurcations and nonsmooth systemsNonlinear phenomena in mechanical systems and structuresExperimental dynamics, system identification, and monitoring techniquesFluid-structure interactionDynamics of multibody systemsTurning processes, rotating systems, and systems with time delays

Pushing the boundaries of flood risk management research, this comprehensive Research Handbook presents pragmatic insights into all areas relating to flood risk. Through its use of dynamic and people-centred paradigms, it explores urban flood management within localities, properties, neighbourhoods and cities.Structured around the flood risk management cycle, chapters explore the critical importance of managing the consequences of flooding whilst examining key concepts such as mitigation, preparedness, emergency management and recovery. An international range of expert contributors from an array of disciplines recognize the inadequacies of existing governance approaches and mechanisms when it comes to addressing urban flooding, and identify the ways in which these can be strengthened in order to create an integrated flood and water management framework. Adopting a forward-thinking approach, the Research Handbook also investigates future directions of flood risk management research.The Research Handbook on Flood Risk Management will be an indispensable resource for academics, researchers, and students interested in environmental geography, environmental governance and regulation, urban studies, politics and public policy and the management of natural resources.

Heterocyclic compounds are vital in synthetic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. The concept of S-heterocyclic compounds revolves around organic compounds that contain heterocyclic rings, and sulfur (S) is one of the heteroatoms within the ring structure. S-enabled heterocycles have emerged as one of the key classes of heterocycles and have attracted tremendous attention attributed to their identity as ‘privileged pharmacological structures'across natural products and highly active pharmaceutical agents. This edited volume reports the latest developments in practical and selective reactions and methods and provides details of the structural diversity of heterocycles. Together, the chapters provide a comprehensive view of the diversity of methods, properties, and the variety of applications in the construction of S-heterocycles. Divided into four parts, the book covers in part one the chemistry, synthesis pathways, property profile, and applications of thiazoles, and includes five chapters. Part two details thiadiazoles and part three thiopyrans, thiazine, and thiazepine. Lastly, part four focuses on thiophenes. This volume will be of immense help to academicians, researchers, and students pursuing research and looking at the future of heterocyclic chemistry.

This book is a compilation of eight chapters on environmental research. The book starts off with Chapter One explaining what soil respiration is and why it matters. In Chapter Two, authors explain their findings after monitoring ground thermal regimes on the Ojos del Salado. The third chapter discusses the use of MNPs in electronic devices, highlighting the benefits and challenges of their incorporation in such devices. In Chapter Four, projected trends of ozone and PM2.5 are discussed under different shared socioeconomic pathways. The fifth chapter focuses on the many forms, mechanisms, influencing factors, and relevance of soil respiration. In Chapter Six, the authors studied variations in the physicochemical properties of the polymethyl acrylate, block, and grafted copolymers of crab chitosan with methyl acrylate under the influence of micromycetes (Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium cyclopium). In Chapter Seven, the dynamics of urban morphology was assessed over a fast-growing tropical megacity and its neighboring districts using geospatial techniques and satellite imagery. In Chapter Eight, a brief description of the NAA methodology, as well as examples of the results of experimental studies on the biogeochemistry of poorly studied trace elements are given.

Approx.296 pages - Focuses on integrative approaches of the enzyme nanoparticle synthesis and its applications on biomedicine, biosensors, and biocatalysis - Encloses the potential challenges and developments of enzyme incorporated nanoparticles - Discusses the vital activities of nanozymes in enzyme mimicking processes and prudent bio-catalytic efficiency - Covers the latest methods and procedures involved in enzyme-incorporated nanomaterials

Emerging Trends and Advances in Microbial Electrochemical Technologies: Hypothesis, Design, Operation and Applications provides a lab to field approach involved in the progress of microbial electrochemical technologies. Focusing on recent trends and advances in this rapidly growing field, the book provides comprehensive information on the basics while also explaining new approaches to microbial electrochemical technologies for environmental applications, including wastewater and waste treatment, bioremediation of contaminated sites, resource recovery, usable electricity generation, greenhouse gas emissions reduction and bio-sensing. Explaining current trends and advances in practice, and elaborating on realistic technological areas and commercialization possibilities and large-scale applications, this book provides new insights into the design of microbial electrochemical technologies and future directions. - Introduces advanced applications, design, processes, and materials in microbial electrochemical technologies - Explores how to translate research into real-world applications - Provides a roadmap for the specific direction of realistic research, including commercialization possibilities

The book covers current developments in the field of computer system security using cryptographic algorithms and other security schemes for system as well as cloud. The proceedings compiles the selected research papers presented at ICE-TEAS 2024 Conference held at Jaipur Engineering College and Research Centre, Jaipur, India, during March 15–17, 2024. The book focuses on expert applications and artificial intelligence; information and application security; advanced computing; multimedia applications in forensics, security, and intelligence; and advances in web technologies: implementation and security issues.

This two-volume set presents the proceedings from the 8th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Combustion. There are more than 150 chapters that provide an extensive review of topics such as complete numerical simulation of combustion and heat transfer in furnaces and boilers, the interaction of combustion and heat transfer in porous media for low emission, high efficiency applications, industrial combustion technology, experimental and diagnostic methods and active combustion control, and fire research, internal combustion engine, Nox and soot emission.

The book describes the technique of electrochemical exfoliation, which possesses remarkable ability to bring about transformation. Among various known synthesis methods, the electrochemical exfoliation approach eliminates the use of harsh chemicals and energy-intensive methods commonly linked to the synthesis of graphene. Electrochemical exfoliation utilizes electrical energy to gently remove layers of graphene from its original source, providing a more environmentally friendly method. This precise and careful synchronization heralds a new era in the field of materials science, where the principles of sustainability converge with unmatched performance. Moreover, the benefits extend beyond environmental excellence. This book also examines the complexities of electrochemical exfoliation, highlighting its clear advantage over traditional techniques. The approach demonstrates process in manipulating the structure and properties of graphene, allowing for the customization of specific capabilities to suit a wide range of applications.

Traditional and Herbal Medicines for COVID-19 explores promising ways to manage COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID conditions. The management plans are based on anti-virus activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and diverse health benefits of traditional and herbal medicines through a comprehensive summarization of scientific literature by experts in the field. It presents views of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants and pathogenesis, and it proposes renewed strategies of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapies.Features Provides an in-depth analysis to illustrate the impact of traditional and herbal medicines on crucial protein targets responsible for the progress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms. Presents knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 and variants. Explores strategies to manage COVID-19, post-COVID, and long-COVID by applying traditional herbal medicines. Illustrates molecular aspects of anti-coronavirus activity from traditional herbal medicines. Features information on molecular mechanisms of target proteins involving COVID-19 infection and symptoms. Traditional and Herbal Medicines for COVID-19 serves as an ideal reference for researchers and experts in the fields of virology, epidemiology, drug discovery, and traditional herbal medicine. This book aligns with supporting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 by the United Nations to establish “Good Health and Well-Being.”

Biochemistry is concerned with the chemical processes that occur within living organisms and microorganisms. There have been a number of publications focusing on biochemistry and its use for understanding biochemical and molecular mechanisms, with the majority of the literature focusing on bench scale items. To date there has not been a comprehensive work focusing on the techno-economic and industrial aspects of biochemistry from the microeconomic and pilot scales. This text covers current innovations and advances in plant biochemistry, animal biochemistry, microbial biochemistry and medicinal biochemistry plus potential uses of proteomics, genomics, recombinant DNA technology and protein application. Recent Advances in Industrial Biochemistry focuses on methods for recombinant proteins production and purification plus metabolic engineering and other source technologies from the industrial viewpoint, providing comprehensive, up-to-date information and evidence on contemporary development in the field of industrial biochemistry. The major focus of this book is the key issues, opportunities, approaches, advancements, products, innovations and technologies in current biochemistry from micro scale to production at pilot scale. Chapters highlight the many potential commercial prospects in various industries from food to to pharmaceuticals to bioenergy, providing a valuable and unique single resource for researchers.

This book is a collection of information about applying CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing in plants. The main focus of this book is to address the recent advances and future prospects of CRISPR-Cas technology in crops.Genome editing technology is important because it can be used to improve plant traits. The earlier genome-engineering tools, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), and TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) are complicated to design and not flexible. The novel genome editor, CRISPR-Cas systems, has advantages over ZFNs and TALENs. The advantages are simple and easy to design precision in targeting and efficiency. Due to its precision and simplicity, the CRISPR-Cas technology has rapidly become the most popular genome-editing platform in life-science fields. CRISPR-Cas technology has been used widely for human gene therapy to treat diseases and for plant breeding programs for crop improvement.This book is of interest and useful to genome-editing professionals, plant breeders, horticulturists, field-level extension workers, nurserymen, planters, ecologists, and valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers.

In a world grappling with the relentless impact of cancer, claiming nearly 10 million lives in 2020 alone, the pursuit of effective prevention and treatment methods is more crucial than ever. Harnessing Medicinal Plants in Cancer Prevention and Treatment delves into promising medicinal plants, exploring their potential in the prevention and treatment of various types of cancer. Acknowledging the limitations and risks associated with synthetic medicines, the book emphasizes the significance of traditional medicine, revealing that approximately 80% of the global population relies on plant-based remedies for primary health care. Within these pages, readers will find a comprehensive exploration of diverse medicinal plants and their active compounds, unraveling their mode of action against cancer. The content spans continents, from the phytochemical and biological properties of anticancer medicinal plants in India to the role of Chinese and Thai plants in cancer prevention and treatment. Each chapter meticulously examines specific plants or compounds, such as the renowned Curcuma longa, or the intriguing Momordica charantia, providing an in-depth analysis of their anticancer properties. This book elucidates the multifaceted role of plant-derived compounds in various cancer types, addressing their efficacy and safety profiles. The book is rich with insights into the potential of bioactive compounds to serve as lead candidates in drug discovery, highlighting the importance of plants in developing effective anticancer agents. This book is an invaluable resource for a diverse audience, including biotechnologists, plant biologists, pharmacologists, and cancer-related researchers. For students venturing into biotechnology and medicinal plants, this work offers a solid foundation in an emerging area of sustainable research. Presenting current knowledge and future prospects illuminates the path forward for harnessing the power of medicinal plants in the ongoing battle against cancer.

In recent decades, bio-nano interfaces have become a popular topic of research. The interface between biology (e.g., cells, proteins) and man-made materials (e.g., surfaces of labware, medical devices/implants, etc., that are exposed to the biological matter) has always been important, way before the terms of nanotechnology and nanoscience were coined. Nanotechnology brought new techniques into play, with which such interfaces can be investigated with an additional viewpoint. This book is a collection of articles spanning two decades that shows how the newer publications have evolved from the older ones. This allows the reader to see the development in the field not only technically but also conceptually. The book is, in particular, suitable for the researchers and general readers who are looking for inspiration on how ideas develop over decades.

This book is a compilation of five chapters. The goal of Chapter One is to organize the literature studies on thermal decomposition of Dicationic Ionic Liquids (DILs), demonstrating how decomposition is generally measured and which parameters are utilized to characterize decomposition properties. In Chapter Two, the authors are describing the synthesis of chiral ionic liquids and their application in asymmetric organic transformations. Chapter Three provides a review of G4 organization, including the structures and mechanisms for G4 detection, highlights the advantages of G4 ligand structures, and provides insights into future prospects in the field. Chapter Four is a DFT study of the different properties and applications of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids. The final chapter focuses on the recent reports on dicationic liquid crystals based on imidazolium motifs, both flexibly or rigidly linked bisimidazolium salts and will also discuss new perspectives in the design and targeted applications of the bisimidazolium based ILCs.

Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary study of how cognitive and intellectual functions are processed and represented within the brain, which is critical to building understanding of core psychological and behavioural processes such as learning, memory, behaviour, perception, and consciousness. Understanding these processes not only offers relevant fundamental insights into brain-behavioural relations, but may also lead to actionable knowledge that can be applied in the clinical treatment of patients with various brain-related disabilities. This Handbook focusses on the foundational principles, methods, and underlying systems in cognitive and systems neuroscience, as well as examining cutting-edge methodological advances and innovations. Containing 34 original, state of the art contributions from leading experts in the field, this Handbook is essential reading for researchers and students of cognitive psychology, as well as scholars across the fields of neuroscientific, behavioural and health sciences. Part 1: Background Considerations Part 2: Neuroscientific Substrates and Principles Part 3: Neuroanatomical Brain Systems Part 4: Neural Dynamics and Processes Part 5: Sensory-Perceptual Systems and Cognition Part 6: Methodological Advances

Porous Coordination Polymers: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications brings together the latest advances in Porous Coordination Polymers (PCPs) for cutting-edge applications. The book begins by introducing PCPs, highlighting their structure, chemistry, basic properties and design approaches. This is followed by a chapter focusing on synthesis methods and mechanical properties. Subsequent chapters provide in-depth coverage of specific target applications, explaining the preparation of PCPs for areas including catalysis and photocatalysis, environmental remediation, gas storage and separation, energy storage and conversion, new generation magnets, nanocarriers in therapeutics, and biomedical imaging. Finally, current challenges and future developments are considered in detail. Porous Coordination Polymers are gaining increasing interest due to their attractive properties, such as structural flexibility, large surface area, tailorable pore size, and functional tunability, in turn enabling a wide range of possible applications which this book aims to highlight and to elucidate. This is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across polymer science, inorganic chemistry, environmental science, and materials science and engineering, as well as engineers, scientists, and R&D professionals with an interest in porous coordination polymers (PCPs) and novel polymeric materials for advanced industrial applications. - Explores porous coordination polymers in detail while highlighting key ideas. - Provides in-depth discussion of the design and development of new porous coordination polymers. - Addresses present issues and looks at potential future developments in this innovative field.

This groundbreaking book offers an in-depth description of sustainable green catalytic processes that have emerged as the means to empower the existing protocols with greener, sustainable, and environmentally benign versions that hold enormous potential in industry and society. Growing worldwide concerns about environmental pollution and global warming have directed the attention of scientists towards approaches for developing sustainable protocols, and the need for employing greener and more sustainable catalytic approaches that are environmentally greener and more eco-friendly than current ones. Green and sustainable catalysts are the one class of catalysts that possess higher selectivity and activity, efficient recovery from the reaction medium, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and are prepared using environmentally benign preparation techniques. The most potent instrument in organic synthesis, and the cornerstone of green chemistry, is catalysis which has broadened the possibilities for organic transformations in the direction of a sustainable future. The catalyst has been playing a vital role, from the improvement of reaction conditions to enhanced selectivity towards the intended product and a decrease in the creation of byproducts. The purpose of this book is to highlight the developments made towards designing new catalysts (homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalyst, nanocatalyst, photocatalyst, nanophotocatalyst, biocatalyst, nanobiocatalyst, metal catalyst etc,.) and present the advancements in the field of chemical synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications. The other environmentally friendly method is the enzymatic synthesis of organic molecules, which substitutes safe reagents for those that imitate the biosynthetic route to synthesize the desired organic molecules. With its ability to produce transformations that occasionally enable the reduction of steps in a synthetic route, biophotocatalysis has long been recognized as a green technology and key to creating environmentally friendly and sustainable chemistry. The employment of sustainable green processes on the most crucial reaction steps of the synthetic protocol satisfies contemporary needs for environmentally friendly operations during the creation of valuable chemicals. Readers will find the book: details new catalysts development designs (homo and heterogeneous); presents the advancement of organic synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications; elaborates on preparation techniques for green and sustainable catalysts that possess higher activity, efficient recovery, and cost-effectiveness; discusses how to epitomize a green approach towards the preparation of organic moieties via enzymatic synthesis; analyzes nano-catalysis with green-based reagents and solvents that allow producers to follow the fundamental pillars of the green economy; elucidates green chemistry's principles and metrics of the chemical's life cycle and design through disposal. Audience The core audiences for this book include scientists and engineers working in green chemistry, materials science, photocatalysts, biotechnology, nanotechnology, waste minimization, and sustainability. This book is an excellent resource for graduate students, R&D experts, and researchers in academic and industrial fields of chemical synthesis.

This book, set against the backdrop of huge advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning within mechatronic systems, serves as a comprehensive guide to navigating the intricacies of mechatronics and harnessing its transformative potential. Mechatronics has been a revolutionary force in engineering and medical robotics over the past decade. It will lead to a major industrial revolution and affect research in every field of engineering. This book covers the basics of mechatronics, computational intelligence approaches, simulation and modeling concepts, architectures, nanotechnology, real-time monitoring and control, different actuators, and sensors. The book explains clearly and comprehensively the engineering design process at different stages. As the historical divisions between the various branches of engineering and computer science become less clearly defined, mechatronics may provide a roadmap for nontraditional engineering students studying within the traditional university structure. This book covers all the algorithms and techniques found in mechatronics engineering, well explained with real-time examples, especially lab experiments that will be very informative to students and scholars. Audience This resource is important for R & D departments in academia, government, and industry. It will appeal to mechanical engineers, electronics engineers, computer scientists, robotics engineers, professionals in manufacturing, automation and related industries, as well as innovators and entrepreneurs.

This comprehensive volume covers the entire field of flavonoids by explaining their complex functions in reducing chronic metabolic illnesses, from the early stages of laboratory research to the development of therapeutic uses. Flavonoids are plant-based substances proven to have potential medical benefits in managing chronic metabolic disorders. This book explores concepts in laboratory research and therapeutic capabilities to enhance awareness of flavonoids in a medical context. The book begins with a thorough examination of the basic biochemical and molecular processes that underlie long-term metabolic disorders. It looks into these bioactive substances, from their natural origins to the synthesis of innovative derivatives. Analyzing both lab research and preclinical trials critically, it provides a solid basis for understanding the exciting opportunities flavonoids bring in treating metabolic diseases. The scope of this work extends beyond theoretical domains into clinical environments. It closes the gap between bench-side findings and bedside applications by revealing the translational potential of flavonoids. It is possible to understand the practical implications and future directions of flavonoid-based therapeutics through the synthesis of evidence-based clinical studies, therapeutic approaches, and possible healthcare issues. Readers will find the book: contains cutting-edge insights into metabolic disease research and delves into recent discoveries on the molecular mechanisms of flavonoids; facilitates a viewpoint into the findings of practical clinical implementations and the progression of flavonoid investigations from controlled experimental environments to prospective therapeutic interventions; explores the scientific effects of flavonoids on chronic metabolic disorders; presents evidence from human trials and epidemiological research on flavonoid clinical processes; encompasses various aspects of preventive measures for managing widespread metabolic diseases, containing dietary recommendations, lifestyle interventions, and the potential involvement of flavonoids; offers a comprehensive guide on how to effectively utilize flavonoids for therapeutic purposes. Audience This book is intended for researchers, scientists, clinicians/physicians, and public health professionals who work in pharmacology settings. The book is a vital tool for clinicians, nutritionists, and other healthcare professionals who are concerned about cutting-edge methods for dietary guidelines to gain an understanding of flavonoids and long-term metabolic disorders.

With signal processing, we want to identify/characterize various physical processes, such as standard engineering variables (e.g. faults on bearings, dynamic properties of structures), as well as biology phenomena (e.g. genome sequencing), astronomy (e.g. measuring a black hole), social sciences (e.g. the spread of the corona virus) and the like. This book edition covers different topics from signal and information processing, including methods for signal processing, signal processing in medicine, image and video signal processing, and signal processing in engineering.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received significant attention in academia and industry due to their low cost and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). Single- and multijunction PSCs have obtained promising certified PCEs, which suggests that PSCs are a very promising next-generation photovoltaic technology. In addition to the perovskite absorber layer, other functional layers, including electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and electrode layer (EL), have also made huge contributions to enhancing device performance. This book focuses on the development, advancement, and application of these functional layers in various PSCs.This volume: Introduces ETL, HTL, and EL in efficient and stable PSCs. Covers material properties. Discusses a wide variety of PSCs including single-crystal PSCs, flexible PSCs, perovskite tandem solar cells, lead-free PSCs, inorganic PSCs, fully printable mesoscopic PSCs, electron/hole-transport-layer-free PSCs, semitransparent PSCs for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), tandem solar cells, perovskite indoor photovoltaics, and inverted PSCs. Details potential for commercial application. This book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industry professionals in materials, energy, and related areas of engineering who are interested in development and commercialization of photovoltaic technologies.

In the last 60 years fertiliser use in agriculture has increased by 900%. However, it's been reported that up to 80% of these fertilisers are not utilised by crops but are lost to the environment as nitrous oxide, ammonia and nitrate. Improving nitrogen use efficiency is recognised as one possible solution to reducing the sector's environmental impact and optimising its productivity and sustainability in the face of increasing pressure to feed a growing population.Improving nitrogen use efficiency in crop production reviews recent advances in understanding nitrogen cycling in soil and best practices to assess crop nitrogen status, such as the use of proximal sensors and remote sensing techniques. The book considers developments in the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilisers and their effectiveness in optimising nitrogen use efficiency, as well as how more organic sources of nitrogen, such as livestock manure, can be optimised to achieve the same goal.

The book discusses principles of optimization techniques for microgrid applications specifically for microgrid system stability, smart charging, and storage units. It also highlights the importance of adaptive learning techniques for controlling autonomous microgrids. It further presents optimization-based computing techniques like fuzzy logic, and neural networks to enhance the computational speed.Features Discusses heuristic techniques and evolutionary algorithms in microgrids optimization problems Covers operation management, distributed control approaches, and conventional control methods for microgrids Presents intelligent control for energy management and battery charging systems Highlights a comprehensive treatment of power sharing in DC microgrids Explains control of low-voltage microgrids with master-slave architecture, where distributed energy resources interface with the grid by means of conventional current-driven inverters It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, and communications engineering, computer science and engineering, and environmental engineering.

This book aims to focus on the current state of knowledge and scientific advances about the complex and intertwined issues of regenerative farming as a transformative solution for offsetting the disastrous climate effects of burning fossil fuels and impairments of natural resource bases. Regenerative agriculture advocates no-till practices, planting cover crops, integrating livestock and crop production, improving animal welfare practices, improving the social and economic well-being of communities, sequestering carbon, improving soil health, and increasing yields and profit with a positive impact on food access or food safety regardless of farm size.This book examines the innovations that will equip agriculture to cope with the competing challenges of addressing food and nutrition security, improving livelihoods, combatting climate change, and sustainably managing natural resources. The scope of this book extends to agricultural scientists, students, consultants, site owners, industrial stakeholders, regulators, and policymakers.

Investigating the highly influential enrolment expansion policy in Chinese higher education, this book outlines how educational equity issues were understood and addressed in the formulation and implementation of the policy, and its impacts on the socio-economic fabric of China in the past decades.Drawing on Chinese policy documents and interviews with government and university representatives, Zhang examines the education system under the Mao era and the post-Mao era and outlines the different approaches to equity that have characterized education in China in the 20th and 21st centuries. Stephen Ball's'policy cycle'is used as a framework to analyse the various contexts (text, discourse, and social practice) in which policy is formed. Zhang argues that education policy was not simply driven by concerns of equity but also by economic interests and political discourse. Zhang further goes on to analyse how education policy was implemented by provincial governments and highlights the tension between central policy and on-the-ground implementation.Bringing analysis of Chinese policy and research to a wider audience, this text will interest education policymakers and academics in the field of educational equity and higher education research.

This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 13th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2023). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as students.

Sensory Polymers: From their Design to Practical Applications discusses recent developments in the field of sensory polymers and showcases the potential applications of these materials in food control and security, civil security, the biomedical field, environmental control and remediation, industrial control of chemicals, and more. Written by worldwide experts in the field, chapters provide in-depth knowledge on several different polymer sensors and their response to different stimuli, which makes this book a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, materials science, and chemistry, as well as those interested on sensing applications and chemical sensory systems, including industry R&D. - Discusses the foundation of sensory polymers, from material design to development and production - Explores state-of-the-art applications in environmental control, biomedicine, sensing, the chemical industry, and food science - Provides perspectives and future applications of polymer chemosensors

This book presents an overview of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology applications in drug delivery systems and covers a variety of technologies and materials that help in achieving vast variation in the particle size needed in technology and drug delivery-based research. It discusses nanotechnology's use in healthcare for the development of target-specific drug therapy and smart field systems and in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the quality, efficacy, and shelf life of medicines. Bringing together principles, theory, practice, and applications of nanotechnology, the book is a useful resource for chemists, physicists, biomedical researchers, engineers, advanced undergraduate and graduate-level students in nanotechnology, researchers in pharmaceutical sciences, chemistry, biology, biotechnology engineering, and general readers in nanotechnology.