Search

Reindeer have been an integral part of the lives of people in Northern Fennoscandia in prehistoric and historic times. Today, reindeer herding practices are changing fast due to climate change, land use pressures and new technologies. This book outlines recent advances in the archaeology of reindeer domestication and development of reindeer herding among the Sámi of Northern Fennoscandia, focusing especially on the identification and understanding of various reindeer herding tasks and practices through archaeological evidence and traditional knowledge of reindeer herders. Covering more than a thousand years of history of reindeer herding, the book explores how reindeer herding practices have always been dynamic and adapted to the changing social, economic and environmental pressures. While reindeer herding practices have changed, they have also retained memory and tradition. The continuity and adaptation of reindeer herding testifies of the resilience of reindeer herders and their animals, and the importance of their relationship in the changing Arctic. This book will be of interest to scholars interested in archaeology, anthropology, and history of the Arctic, as well as local communities and reindeer herders.

Cet ouvrage de nature encyclopédique rassemble des informations vernaculaires sur la faune ainsi que d'autres données sur les mêmes animaux provenant de zoologues, de naturalistes, de voyageurs, de lexicographes qui ont fréquenté le même territoire que les Innus.

This book, now in its third edition, is still the most uniquely comprehensive resource for finding word parts needed to express a concept. Along with aiding vocabulary expansion, this dictionary provides guidance to those who may be interested in inventing or deciphering words bearing an established and embedded meaning. This work is split into three parts. Part I, the dictionary proper, provides an alphabetical listing of over 5,100 word parts. Each entry includes a brief definition, examples of use and etymology. Part II, the Finder, is a reverse dictionary that allows users to start with a meaning or concept to then find word parts that express the meaning. The only reverse dictionary of its kind,this section is updated with over 4,600 search terms in total. The expanded Part III organizes word parts under 20 convenient categories--like The Body, Fear or Dislike of, Experts and Shapes.

Ecological Methods by the late T.R. E. Southwood and revised over the years by P. A. Henderson has developed into a classic reference work for the field biologist. It provides a handbook of ecological methods and analytical techniques pertinent to the study of animals, with an emphasis on non-microscopic animals in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. It remains unique in the breadth of the methods presented and in the depth of the literature cited, stretching right back to the earliest days of ecological research. The universal availability of R as an open source package has radically changed the way ecologists analyse their data. In response, Southwood's classic text has been thoroughly revised to be more relevant and useful to a new generation of ecologists, making the vast resource of R packages more readily available to the wider ecological community. By focusing on the use of R for data analysis, supported by worked examples, the book is now more accessible than previous editions to students requiring support and ideas for their projects. Southwood's Ecological Methods provides a crucial resource for both graduate students and research scientists in applied ecology, wildlife ecology, fisheries, agriculture, conservation biology, and habitat ecology. It will also be useful to the many professional ecologists, wildlife biologists, conservation biologists and practitioners requiring an authoritative overview of ecological methodology.

The main function of the Leydig cells is to synthesize testosterone, but growing evidence supports the idea that Leydig cells are important in regulating the testicular immune environment. As such, Leydig Cells: Structure, Functions and Clinical Aspects discusses Leydig cells serving as immunological sentinels in the testis. Next, the authors explore the commercially available immortalized Leydig cell lines (TM3, R2C, MA-10 and MLTC-1) derived from rat or mouse and the results of studies using these cells. Additionally, the effects of the most commonly used environmental contaminants on Leydig cell function are discussed in the context of the impaired of steroidogenic pathway. The results of several studies are presented which demonstrate that lycopene supplementation improves and maintaines the normal level of testosterone by improving the expression of StAR protein and steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells of polychlorinated biphenyl exposed rats.

This four volume set covers a wide range of topics, including: seabird conservation; malaria parasites; flamingos; poultry farms; game birds; aflatoxin.

SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2021 TWS WILDLIFE PUBLICATION AWARDS.The definitive work on Europe's largest and most spectacular owl. The Eagle Owl is one of the largest owls in the world, and is considered the most eclectic in terms of habitat, nest site and diet. An undisputed top predator, it can prey on a range of mammals up to the size of a fox, and almost every species of bird, reptile, amphibian and fish, as well as a wide spectrum of invertebrates. Surprisingly, this owl can breed almost anywhere, the female laying her eggs on a variety of natural and artificial structures over an array of altitudes. Despite being so adaptable, however, it is still a vulnerable species, and has suffered widely from persecution as well as other threats including electrocution on power lines, decreasing prey availability, the effects of pesticides and pollutants, and habitat alteration. Vincenzo Penteriani and María del Mar Delgado have studied this fascinating bird extensively across its vast Eurasian range. In this book, they detail its intriguing ecology, covering distribution, foraging and breeding behaviour, interspecific interactions, dispersal and conservation issues. The final two chapters provide a remarkable insight into vocal and visual communication. Scientists have long believed that owls and other crepuscular and nocturnal birds forgo the visual signals found in other avian species, but recent research on the Eagle Owl has suggested otherwise. Bringing together more than 30 years of research, The Eagle Owl tells a story rich in detail of one of the most thrilling and magnificent birds in the world.

Bright colors, enlarged fins, feather plumes, song, horns, antlers, and tusks are often highly sex dimorphic. Why have males in many animals evolved more conspicuous ornaments, signals, and weapons than females? How can such traits evolve although they may reduce male survival? Such questions prompted Darwin's perhaps most scientifically controversial idea--the theory of sexual selection. It still challenges researchers today as they try to understand how competition for mates can favor the variety of sex-dimorphic traits. Reviewing theoretical and empirical work in this very active field, Malte Andersson, a leading contributor himself, provides a major up-to-date synthesis of sexual selection. The author describes the theory and its recent development; examines models, methods, and empirical tests; and identifies many unsolved problems. Among the topics discussed are the selection and evolution of mating preferences; relations between sexual selection and speciation; constraints on sexual selection; and sex differences in signals, body size, and weapons. The rapidly growing study of sexual selection in plants is also reviewed. This volume will interest students, teachers, and researchers in behavioral ecology and evolutionary biology.

Structuré en six parties, ce livre couvre l'ensemble des disciplines scientifiques qui font de l'écologie une science à part entière au sein des sciences de l'environnement. Un ouvrage pédagogique de référence Le livre constitue un outil pédagogique pour les enseignants de la matière et un manuel de référence pour les lecteurs francophones, étudiants en écologie et futurs chercheurs. Il s'adresse également à un plus large public de gestionnaires, de professionnels de l'environnement et de représentants du monde associatif. L'organisation du livre en chapitres thématiques, les exercices et questions pour faire le point, le glossaire et l'index permettent une lecture active qui facilite l'apprentissage et la compréhension des notions clés. Un livre éclairant Les approches concrètes qui ouvrent et closent chaque chapitre font de ce livre un outil essentiel pour comprendre l'écologie aujourd'hui et demain. Ils mettent en avant les récentes évolutions et soulèvent des questions d'actualité. Ces réflexions qui mettent l'accent sur le réchauffement climatique offrent au lecteur la possibilité de porter un regard averti sur ces problématiques universelles et de mieux appréhender les réalités présentes et futures de notre planète. Les références bibliographiques nombreuses permettent également au lecteur d'approfondir ces sujets.

Students, university faculty, and wildlife professionals now have an indispensable book that provides a full and accurate account of natural resource policy and law as it relates to wildlife in North America and beyond. The comprehensive text begins with an in-depth examination of wildlife policy and law, creating a foundation for the subsequent detailed material. This introductory section covers the need and history of wildlife policy and law, wildlife and gun ownership, history of wildlife law and law enforcement, jurisdictional issues among federal, state, provincial, and indigenous peoples as they relate to natural resource management, processes by which policy and laws are formed at various levels of government, statutory law and agency rule-making, relationships of indigenous peoples to natural resources, and usage of natural resources for subsistence.

About the turn of the century the Apicomplexa plus some other groups were called Sporozoa. With the advent of the electron microscope, it was realized that most'Sporozoa'have an apical complex; those which do not (the Microspora, Myxozoa, and Ascetospora) were removed and the name Apicomplexa was put forward by Dr. Levine in 1970. Most of the important Apicomplexa fall into five main groups: the gregarines, haemogregarines (about which there is relatively little known), coccidia, haemosporids, and piroplasms. These two volumes classify, list (with synonyms and hosts) and give references to descriptions of the approximately 4600 species of Apicomplexa that have been named so far. Volume I contains an 8-page introduction and covers the gregarines and coccidia (including the haemogregarines). In volume II are the Sarcocystidae (the predator-prey coccidia) the haemosporids (the malaria and related parasites), the piroplasms, and some parasites of uncertain affinities. The Apicomplexa are divided into over 300 genera and more than 60 families, but this division is deceiving. Most of these groups contain only one or a few species. There are fewer than 50 genera with 10 or more named species, and only 8 with 100 or more. These 8 genera (Eimeria, Haemogregarina, Gregarina, Isospora, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, Sarcocystis, and Babesia) comprise more than half of the species.

The classic reference work, in an edition first published before 1923. As a Word document, the file is over 14,000 pages long. We have added over 6,000 links to help you navigate to the word you want. (Searching for a word would take you to any instance of that word in definitions, not the word you want defined). With this version, you click on the first letter, then the first two letters, then on the word that's closest to to the one you want (like the guide words at the heads of pages in a printed dictionary).

Wind farms are an essential component of global renewable energy policy and the action to limit the effects of climate change. There is, however, considerable concern over the impacts of wind farms on wildlife, leading to a wide range of research and monitoring studies, a growing body of literature and several international conferences on the topic. This unique multi-volume work provides a comprehensive overview of the interactions between wind farms and wildlife. Volume 1 documents the current knowledge of the potential impacts upon wildlife during both construction and operation. An introductory chapter on the nature of wind farms and the impact assessment process is followed by a series of in-depth chapters documenting effects on climatic conditions, vegetation, terrestrial invertebrates, aquatic invertebrates and fish, reptiles and amphibians, birds, bats and terrestrial mammals. A synopsis of the known and potential effects of wind farms upon wildlife in perspective concludes the volume. The authors have been carefully selected from across the globe from the large number of academics, consultants and practitioners now engaged in wind farm studies, for their influential contribution to the science. Edited by Martin Perrow and with contributions by 40 leading researchers including: Robert Barclay, Michael Dillon, Jan Olof Helldin, Hermann Hötker, Jeffrey Lovich, Manuela de Lucas and Eugene Takle. The authors represent a wide range of organisations and institutions including the Universities of Calgary, Iowa State, Lund & Wyoming, US Geological Survey, Michael-Otto-Institut im NABU, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Renewable Energy Systems and several leading consultancies. Each chapter includes informative figures, tables, colour photographs and detailed case studies. Many of the latter are produced stand-alone from invited additional authors to ensure geographic spread and to showcase exciting new, often previously unpublished research. This book is designed for practitioners, researchers, managers and for a range of students in higher education, particularly those involved with environmental, ecological, conservation, impact assessment and climate change studies. Other volumes: Volume 2: Onshore: Monitoring and Mitigation (978-1-78427-123-7) Volume 3: Offshore: Potential Effects (978-1-78427-127-5) Volume 4: Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation (978-1-78427-131-2)

When organisms are deliberately or accidentally introduced into a new ecosystem a biological invasion may take place. These so-called ‘invasive species'may establish, spread and ecologically alter the invaded community. Biological invasions by animals, plants, pathogens or vectors are one of the greatest environmental and economic threats and, along with habitat destruction, a leading cause of global biodiversity loss. In this book, more than 50 worldwide invasion scientists cover our current understanding of biological invasions, its impacts, patterns and mechanisms in both aquatic and terrestrial systems.

4th edition of this classic Ecology text Computational methods have largely been replaced by descriptions of the available software Includes procedure information for R software and other freely available software systems Now includes web references for equipment, software and detailed methodologies

Forest ecosystems cover around 31% of the total land area of the Earth. They represent important biodiversity and genetic resources; provide material goods, including fuelwood, commercial timber, soils, medicinal plants and others; as well as environmental services, such as cleaning air and water, sequestering carbon and maintaining biodiversity. Old-growth forests are those developed during long periods without relevant human impact and with distinctive features in terms of forest continuity, structural heterogeneity, large volumes of standing and fallen deadwood, decaying ancient and veteran trees, and large diameter live trees. These characteristics ensure the growth and dispersal of forest-dwelling species, playing thus a vital role in the conservation of biodiversity. This book discusses the ecology, habitat and conservation of old-growth forests, as well as coniferous forests.

The Barnacle Goose, a distinctive, handsome black-and-white bird, gets its name from a mediaeval myth that the birds hatched from barnacles – how else to explain their sudden appearance each autumn in northern Britain? We now know, of course, that the birds migrate from Arctic Russia, Norway and Svalbard to winter throughout northern Europe. This book represents a culmination of more than 25 years of Barnacle Goose research. It represents the story of one of Europe's most celebrated long-term behavioral studies, detailing the lives of these social and sociable birds. Chapters include sections on pair formation and bonding, family and population dynamics, brood parasitism, food and feeding, size and shape in different populations, life cycle, survivorship, dispersal, migration, and conservation, with particular regard to climate change. It is a rigorous and thorough examination of the lives of these birds, in fine Poyser tradition.

Carotenoids are the most widespread pigments in nature. One or more carotenoids in combination gives rise to colors ranging from yellow to red in birds, fish, crustaceans, microorganisms, fruits and plants, including the dark green ones. There are over 600 known carotenoids and they are divided into two classes: xanthophylls, which contain oxygen; and carotenes, which are purely hydrocarbons and contain no oxygen. Carotenoids have many health benefits including antioxidant properties, free-radical scavengers, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, anti-inflammatory properties, osteoporosis prevention and other diseases. The 15 chapters in this book have been written to outline recent topical research.

Predation, one of the most dramatic interactions in animals'lives, has long fascinated ecologists. This volume presents carnivores, raptors and their prey in the complicated net of interrelationships, and shows them against the background of their biotic and abiotic settings. It is based on long-term research conducted in the best preserved woodland of Europe's temperate zone. The role of predation, whether limiting or regulating prey (ungulate, rodent, shrew, bird, and amphibian) populations, is quantified and compared to parts played by other factors: climate, food resources for prey, and availability of other potential resources for predators.

Animals are important components of any ecosystem and it is impossible to describe structure and funCtioning of the Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems without including this part of the system. However, the strong diversity between functionally highly different fauna groups makes it impossible to study all groups in great detail with the funds and expertise available in Fennoscandia. Relatively few productivity studies were carried out on animals in Fenno­ scandian tundra regions before the IBP projects started in 1969-1970. Within IBP, more fauna groups have been investigated in the Norwegian tundra project than in the other countries, due to better financial support. Even in Norway, however, only a limited number of invertebrate and vertebrate taxons is studied. General lack of information on the same animals in various parts of the Fennoscandian tundra makes it more difficult to present structural and functional comparisons of fauna for the whole region than in plants and microorganisms (see Part 1 of Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems). Brief surveys on faunal problems within the area are given in the introduction to the animal section, and general aspects are also discussed in the four first papers of the volume.

When survival is challenged by the cold, animals react by employing both behavioral and physiological solutions. Depending on the magni­ tude of the cold stress and the nature of the adjustment, simple avoidance or sophisticated capacity or resistance compensations may be used. Thus, migration, shelter seeking, metabolic and insulative compen­ sation, torpor, and freezing avoidance and tolerance are successful tac­ tics used by diverse groups of animals. To understand and appreciate the benefits of these tactics, it is necessary to examine not only the well being of the whole animal but also their basic underlying mechanisms. In ad­ dition, it is also of fundamental importance to grasp how seasonal cold affects the survivorship and reproductive success of populations when confronted by a general reduction in primary productivity and an elevated energy cost for maintenance (e. g. in endotherms). In this regard, a synthetic overview which integrates aspects of cell biology, biochem­ istry, physiology, neurobiology, behavior, and population biology should be a fruitful approach in providing a holistic understanding on how animals adapt to cold. The present volume is an attempt to achieve such an overview; its objective is to provide a depth and breadth of coverage that is essential to a full appreciation of animal adaptation to cold. It is the hope of the contributing authors that this book will serve as an effective reference text for all senior undergraduate and graduate students as well as research scientists with an interest in cold physiology.

Forest wildlife conservation is critically required in many parts of the world today. This book presents a merger between the elements of wildlife conservation and habitat conservation, and explains how these disciplines can be used to promote the conservation of vertebrates in forests around the world.

Ecology is characterized by a rapidly growing complexity and diversity of facts, aspects, examples, and observations. What is badly needed is the development of common patterns, of rules that, as in other sciences such as physics, can more generally explain the increasing complexity and variability we observe. Tom White, being one of the'seniors'in ecology, makes such an attempt in his book. the pattern he shows and explains with numerous examples from the entire animal kingdom is a universal hunger for nitrogen, a misery that drives the ecology of all organisms. He advocates that the awareness of this fundamental role that the limitation of nitrogen plays in the ecology of all organisms should be as a much part of each ecologis's intellectual equipment as is the awareness of the fact of evolution by means of natural selection. His claim is that not'enery'but'nitrogen'is the most limited'currency'in the animal world for the production and growth of their young.

A large number of comprehensive publications has been devoted to the Antarctic, to its plant and animal life. It is therefore relatively easy to familiarize oneself with the current state of Antarctic research. Nothing comparable is available for the Arctic. The heterogeneity and richness of the northern polar regions seem to have discouraged any attempt at a synthethic approach. This book has evolved from an attempt to summarize the results of 15 years of ecological and physiological research work in the Arctic - mostly on Spitsbergen. The necessity of comparing our results and the ecological conditions of Spitsbergen with other arctic regions grew into a full-sized book on arctic animal ecology. It is not meant as an exhaustive survey ofthe relevant literature. Instead I have tried to show how closely the various fields of research are interwoven, how many questions can be solved if only notice is taken of fellow scientists and their results, and how much arctic animals have in common. This book would not have been possible without the helpfulness of many colleagues. Above all I should like to mention Professor Ronning and Professor Solem of Trondheim University (Norway), Professor Arnthor Gardasson of Reykjavik University (Iceland), Dr. NettIeship, Dr. Oliver and Dr. Ryder of Canada and Professor West of Fairbanks University (Alaska, USA).

There are many works, written in several European languages, on general, animal, and more especially vegetational ecology, but the space devoted to the study and description of the various ecosystems - both terrestrial and aquatic - of Europe is very limited, and this even in the books of European workers. Indeed, today we are in the strange position that, while some extra-European continents or parts of continents such as South Africa, the west part of South American, Australia, the arid zones of the Old World, not to mention Antarctica (that recentlY has at­ tracted the attention of a great number of students) have been very thoroughly studied and illustrated - for European ecosystems we have very scant informa­ tion, if we make allowance for the many analytical works on single natural or artificial environments (generally belonging to Central or Northern Europe). We have a beautiful book on the animal ecology of Palestine (today comprising Israel plus Jordan) written in the mid-thirties by Bodenheimer. However, Palestine does not belong to Europe, although some of the ecological and geographical peculiar­ ities of the western part of the country do correspond very closely to those of Southern Europe.

4.1.1 Demographic significance Confined populations grow more rapidly than populations from which dispersal is permitted (Lidicker, 1975; Krebs, 1979; Tamarin et at., 1984), and demography in island populations where dispersal is restricted differs greatly from nearby mainland populations (Lidicker, 1973; Tamarin, 1977, 1978; Gliwicz, 1980), clearly demonstrating the demographic signi­ ficance of dispersal. The prevalence of dispersal in rapidly expanding populations is held to be the best evidence for presaturation dispersal. Because dispersal reduces the growth rate of source populations, it is generally believed that emigration is not balanced by immigration, and that mortality of emigrants occurs as a result of movement into a'sink'of unfavourable habitat. If such dispersal is age- or sex-biased, the demo­ graphy of the population is markedly affected, as a consequence of differ­ ences in mortality in the dispersive sex or age class. Habitat heterogeneity consequently underlies this interpretation of dispersal and its demographic consequences, although the spatial variability of environments is rarely assessed in dispersal studies.

In 1984, a conference called Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, was held at Stanford Sierra Camp at Fallen Leaf Lake in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The conference was well-received, and the published volume (Verner, J., M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, editors. 1986. Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA) proved to be a landmark publication that received a book award by The Wildlife Society. Wildlife 2001: populations was a followup conference with emphasis on the other major biological field of wildlife conservation and management, populations. It was held on July 29-31, 1991, at the Oakland Airport Hilton Hotel in Oakland, California, in accordance with our intent that this conference have a much stronger international representation than did Wildlife 2000. The goal of the conference was to bring together an international group of specialists to address the state of the art in wildlife population dynamics, and set the agenda for future research and management on the threshold of the 21st century. The mix of specialists included workers in theoretical, as well as practical, aspects of wildlife conservation and management. Three general sessions covered methods, modelling, and conservation of threatened species.

H. REMMERT Small populations are very often discussed, but there seems to be no general overview touching all the self-evident but norma,lly simply neglected problems connected with small populations. First, there are many very different types of organisms, and as every biologist should know, the problems of small populations are very different in different types of organisms. 1. In vascular plants the problems are different from the situation in birds and mammals; in marine benthic animals or in parasites such as tapeworms the problems are different again, and in seasonal planktonic animals or insects they are different from those in biotopes under constant conditions. In tapeworms or in vascular plants, an adult organism seems to be comparable to a population of mammals or birds because its offspring can be so diverse and plentiful. 2. There are small populations which explode and break down to a small population again, and then explode and break down again.

The Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases provides a much needed practical and visual overview of the current distribution and determinants of major infectious diseases of humans. The comprehensive full-color maps show at a glance the areas with reported infections and outbreaks, and are accompanied by a concise summary of key information on the infectious agent and its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Since infectious diseases are dynamic, the maps are presented in the context of a changing world, and how these changes are influencing the geographical distribution on human infections. This unique atlas: Contains more than 145 high quality full-color maps covering all major human infectious diseases Provides key information on the illustrated infectious diseases Has been compiled and reviewed by an editorial board of infectious disease experts from around the world The result is a concise atlas with a consistent format throughout, where material essential for understanding the global spatial distribution of infectious diseases has been thoughtfully assembled by international experts. Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases is an essential tool for infectious disease specialists, medical microbiologists, virologists, travel medicine specialists, and public health professionals. The Atlas of Human Infectious Diseases is accompanied by a FREE enhanced Wiley Desktop Edition - an interactive digital version of the book with downloadable images and text, highlighting and note-taking facilities, book-marking, cross-referencing, in-text searching, and linking to references and glossary terms.

This book presents the state of art in the field of microbial zoonoses and sapronoses. It could be used as a textbook or manual in microbiology and medical zoology for students of human and veterinary medicine, including Ph.D. students, and for biomedicine scientists and medical practitioners and specialists as well. Surprisingly, severe zoonoses and sapronoses still appear that are either entirely new (e.g., SARS), newly recognized (Lyme borreliosis), resurging (West Nile fever in Europe), increasing in incidence (campylobacterosis), spatially expanding (West Nile fever in the Americas), with a changing range of hosts and/or vectors, with changing clinical manifestations or acquiring antibiotic resistance. The collective term for those diseases is (re)emerging infections, and most of them represent zoonoses and sapronoses (the rest are anthroponoses). The number of known zoonotic and sapronotic pathogens of humans is continually growing − over 800 today. In the introductory part, short characteristics are given of infectious and epidemic process, including the role of environmental factors, possibilities of their epidemiological surveillance, and control. Much emphasis is laid on ecological aspects of these diseases (haematophagous vectors and their life history; vertebrate hosts of zoonoses; habitats of the agents and their geographic distribution; natural focality of diseases). Particular zoonoses and sapronoses are then characterized in the following brief paragraphs: source of human infection; animal disease; transmission mode; human disease; epidemiology; diagnostics; therapy; geographic distribution.

Grouse—an ecologically important group of birds that include capercaillie, prairie chickens, and ptarmigan—are distributed throughout the forests, grasslands, and tundra of Europe, Asia, and North America. Today, many grouse populations are in decline, and the conservation and management of these charismatic birds is becoming a global concern. This volume summarizes current knowledge of grouse biology in 25 chapters contributed by 80 researchers from field studies around the world. Organized in four sections—Spatial Ecology, Habitat Relationships, Population Biology, and Conservation and Management—the chapters offer important insights into spatial requirements, movements, and demography of grouse. Much of the research employs emerging tools in ecology that span biogeochemistry, molecular genetics, endocrinology, radio-telemetry, and remote sensing. The chapters explore topics including the impacts of climate change, energy development, and harvest, and give new evidence for life-history changes in response to human activities.

Admired for its elaborate breeding displays and treasured as a game bird, the Greater Sage-Grouse is a charismatic symbol of the broad open spaces in western North America. Unfortunately these birds have declined across much of their range—which stretches across 11 western states and reaches into Canada—mostly due to loss of critical sagebrush habitat. Today the Greater Sage-Grouse is at the center of a complex conservation challenge. This multifaceted volume, an important foundation for developing conservation strategies and actions, provides a comprehensive synthesis of scientific information on the biology and ecology of the Greater Sage-Grouse. Bringing together the experience of thirty-eight researchers, it describes the bird's population trends, its sagebrush habitat, and potential limitations to conservation, including the effects of rangeland fire, climate change, invasive plants, disease, and land uses such as energy development, grazing, and agriculture.

Jadis pratique populaire, à présent discipline utilisée en paléontologie, l'ichnologie est l'ensemble des techniques permettant l'identification des espèces à partir des traces qu'elles laissent. Véritable manuel d'initiation, ce guide met ce savoir-faire au service du promeneur par une approche didactique établissant une typologie des empreintes : séquences des membres antérieurs et postérieurs en fonction de l'allure, aspects des empreintes selon le substrat. Il permettra au naturaliste amateur de « lire » la nature à partir des empreintes laissées par les animaux dans le sol, mais aussi de leurs excréments et déjections, jusqu'aux traces laissées sur les végétaux en passant par les cadavres pour ce qui est des grands carnivores.Outre les passionnés de faune sauvage, cet ouvrage intéressera les professionnels en charge des inventaires et du suivi des animaux en milieu naturel.

The environment consists of the surroundings in which an organism operates including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. It is this environment which is both so valuable, on the one hand, and so endangered on the other. Effects stemming from the choices made by the human population in regards to environmental health are by and large ruining the environment both for themselves and for other organisms. This series covers leading-edge research in a cross-section of fields focusing on the environment including current research data on emerging microbiology issues of potable water in developed countries; vermiculture biotechnology; human waste as a potential resource; the redistribution of tissue metal; and the application of DNA microarrays to microbial ecology research.

Afin de continuer à répondre au mieux aux besoins des vétérinaires dans leur pratique quotidienne, cette 7e édition du Dictionnaire pratique de thérapeutique s'enrichit de nouvelles entrées, intègre les thérapeutiques les plus récentes disponibles sur le marché, fait le point sur les examens d'imagerie et leur interprétation et regroupe dans un cahier central des algorithmes décisionnels et des illustrations en couleurs. Véritable outil d'aide au diagnostic et à la prise en charge, cet ouvrage rassemble toutes les maladies susceptibles de toucher les chiens, les chats et les nouveaux animaux de compagnie. Pour chaque pathologie, sont précisés les aspects : - épidémiologiques ; - cliniques : critères diagnostiques, examens d'imagerie (radiographie, échographie, IRM, scintigraphie...) et de laboratoire ; - thérapeutiques : traitements hygiénique, médical et chirurgical. Les annexes, très utiles pour le praticien, regroupent : - les normes usuelles ; - les médicaments : noms de spécialités, voie d'administration, posologie, principales indications ; - les arbres diagnostiques classés par grands syndromes ; - les différents examens d'imagerie et leurs principales indications appuyés par des clichés en couleur ; Comme pour les chiens et les chats, la partie consacrée aux NAC (lapins et rongeurs, furet, oiseaux, reptiles) rappelle pour chaque espèce les normes physiologiques, les techniques d'administration des médicaments et leur posologie. Un cahier couleur annexe regroupe des schémas anatomiques, des clichés montrant les méthodes de contention, les sites de ponction et d'anesthésie, des radiographies... Ce dictionnaire pratique est un outil de référence précieux et indispensable à tout lecteur étudiant, interne, praticien vétérinaire débutant ou confirmé.Votre outil d'aide au diagnostic et à la prise en charge des chiens, chats et NAC - De nouvelles entrées. - Les thérapeutiques les plus récentes. - Le point sur les examens d'imagerie et leur interprétation. - Pour chaque pathologie : l'épidémiologie, la clinique et la thérapeutique. - En annexe : les normes usuelles, les médicaments, les arbres diagnostiques, les examens d'imagerie, des illustrations en couleur.

Climate change affects all living organisms; it has done so in the past and will do so in the future. However, current climate change is exceptional both in terms of the rate of change and the impact of multiple types of global change on individuals, populations, species, and ecosystems. Effects of Climate Change on Birds provides an exhaustive and up-to-date synthesis of the science of climate change as it relates to birds. Compared with any other class of animals, birds provide more long-term data and extensive time series (some dating back more than 100 years), a more geographically and taxonomically diverse source of information, and a longer tradition of extensive research. In fact this research record exceeds what is available in all other organisms combined.

The History of British Birds reviews our knowledge of avifaunal history over the last 15,000 years, setting it in its wider historical and European context. The authors, one an ornithologist the other an archaeologist, integrate a wealth of archaeological data to illuminate and enliven the story, indicating the extent to which climatic, agricultural, and social changes have affected the avifauna. They discuss its present balance, as well as predicting possible future changes. It is a popular misconception that bird bones are rarely preserved (compared with mammals), and cannot be reliably identified when they are found. The book explores both of these contentions, armed with a database of 9,000 records of birds that have been identified on archaeological sites. Most are in England, but sites elsewhere in Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Isles are included. Britain's most numerous bird is also the most widespread in the archaeological record, but some of the more charismatic species also have a rich historical pedigree. For example, we can say quite a lot about the history of the Crane, Red Kite, White-tailed Eagle, and Great Auk. The history of many introduced domestic species can also be illuminated. Even so, there remain uncertainties, posed by difficulties of dating or identification, the vagaries of the archaeological record or the ecological specialities of the birds themselves. These issues are highlighted, thus posing research questions for others to answer. And the commonest British bird, then and now? Buy the book and read on...

Papers on yeast, myxomicetes, soil microfungi, mosses, higher plants, nematodes, oribatid mites, millipedes, spiders, collembolans, ants, beetles, butterflies, and birds of the polar and adjacent regions.

Das Auerhuhn (Tetrao urogallus) ist ein Spezialist bezüglich Habitatwahl und Ernährung und gegenüber Lebensraumveränderungen besonders empfindlich. Fortschreitender Rückgang und Fragmentierung der bevorzugt genutzten Klimaxwaldstadien haben dazu geführt, dass diese Raufußhuhnart in ihrem mitteleuropäischen Verbreitungsgebiet stark zurückgedrängt wurde und nun auf Inselpopulationen beschränkt ist. Aus diesem Grunde wurde wiederholt versucht, über die Auswilderung gezüchteter Auerhühner bestehende Populationen zu stützen oder erloschene Vorkommen wieder anzusiedeln und so die Art zu erhalten. In Norddeutschland stellt der Harz einen der letzten potentiellen Lebensräume für das Auerhuhn dar. Trotz jährlicher Auswilderung gezüchteter Vögel seit 1978 gelang es nicht, hier eine zahlenmäßig starke, sich selbständig erhaltende Freilandpopulation zu begründen. Zwischen 1999 und 2003 wurden 83 gezüchtete, juvenile Auerhühner mit Sendern markiert und nach ihrer Freilassung regelmäßig kontrolliert. Hauptziele dabei waren die Erfolgskontrolle und die Optimierung des Auerhuhnwiederansiedlungsprojektes im Nationalpark Harz. Neben Überlebensdauer und Todesursachen der Auswilderungsvögel sind außerdem Daten zur Habitat- und Raumnutzung sowie der Ernährung der Tiere erfasst worden. Außerdem gelang es, zumindest räumlich begrenzt, die Hochlagen des Harzes hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung als Auerhuhnlebensraum zu bewerten. Wie sich zeigte, wirkten sich insbesondere physiologische bzw. ethologische Defizite aufgrund der Gehegezucht auf die Überlebenschancen der Auswilderungsvögel aus. Deren Einfluss und Auswirkungen werden in der Arbeit vielschichtig analysiert und diskutiert. Zugleich werden Lösungsvorschläge bzw. -ansätze für die aufgezeigten Probleme genannt. Außerdem wird neben der Habitat- und Raumnutzung auch das genutzte Nahrungsspektrum der ausgewilderten Auerhühner detailliert dargestellt.

This updated version of the 2000 original is still the only complete resource on the market for finding word parts needed to express a concept. Aside from catering to those who wish to expand their vocabulary, the purpose of this dictionary is to provide convenient word parts to those who may be interested in inventing or deciphering words bearing an established and embedded meaning. Like the first edition, this work is split into three parts presenting the prefixes, suffixes, combining forms, and roots that fit together to form words in English. Part I, the Dictionary proper, provides an alphabetical listing of nearly 4,700 word parts, each entry including a brief definition and two examples of words using that unit. This section benefits from several additions, the most notable of which are embedded etymologies for each entry. Part II, the Finder, is a reverse dictionary of word parts allowing users to start with a meaning or concept and then find word parts which express that meaning. Still the only reverse dictionary of its kind, Part II is updated with over 1,000 new search terms. Part III collects word parts in another reverse dictionary under 18 convenient categories. Each pre-existing category has been expanded when possible, and three entirely new categories have also been added (Eating, Experts, and Measurement Science).

Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals, Third Edition presents the latest information on the diagnosis and treatment of infectious disease in both free-ranging and captive wild mammals. Editors Elizabeth Williams and Ian Barker have recruited 71 contributors, all noted experts in their fields, to update this new edition. This reference provides valuable information on each disease, including Etiology History Distribution Epidemiology Clinical signs Pathology Immunity Diagnosis Treatment Control This latest edition is a leading reference book for Wildlife biologists, managers, and rehabilitators Biology students Conservationists Public health workers

Fluctuations in the environmental conditions impacting life are ubiquitous. These fluctuations induce changes in the vital processes occurring within individual organisms (such as cellular metabolism) and the ecological processes occurring among individuals (such as competition, mutualism, and predation), ultimately leading to observable fluctuations in the commonly measured characteristics of ecological systems. From a very simple perspective, these processes are all modulators of environmental variability. We might best be able to understand the final form of this modulation – the impact of environmental variability on ecological systems - by building from an understanding of the responses of these life processes in isolation to an understanding of their responses in harmony. The impact of environmental variability on ecological systems is an issue that has been at the forefront of ecological research for many years. Research is taking place on many fronts, including theoretical mathematical based analyses, natural ecosystem observation and experimentation. This book brings together contributions from these three fronts to provide readers with a comprehensive look at the challenges for ecological systems and ecological research alike.

Aspects of reproduction covered in this volume include classification and phylogeny as revealed by molecular biology; anatomy of the male reproductive tract and organs; anatomy and evolution of copulatory structures; development and anatomy of the female reproductive tract; endocrinology of reproduction; ovarian dynamics and follicle development; s

A large and spectacular bird of prey, the Goshawk lives in boreal forests throughout the Northern hemisphere. The Goshawk is an authoritative yet highly readable monograph of the species.A powerful hunter of large birds and woodland mammals, it was persecuted for many years by game keepers to the point of extinction in the UK. However, escaped falconry birds led to the establishment of a new population in the 1960s, though the species remains rare and elusive - birders need a combination of hard work and a little luck to see this magnificent raptor.The Goshawk includes chapters on nomenclature, races and morphs, biometrics, nesting, incubation and chick-rearing, migration, feeding ecology, population dynamics, and conservation, punctuated throughout with illuminating tales from author Robert Kenward's extensive field research. The book is packed with illustrations, figures and maps, and contains a selection of the author's superb photographs of the birds. The product of almost 30 years work, this title is a classic Poyser monograph; birders will enjoy the fascinating insights into the biology of the bird, while academics will appreciate the book's comprehensive literature review.

With more than 5,000 works cited, Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World is the greatest compendium of information ever published on hybridization in birds. Worldwide in scope, it provides information on all reported avian crosses, not only those occurring in captivity, but also in a natural setting (approximately 4,000 crosses are covered). This book is a basic reference, intended both for the serious birder and the professional biologist. McCarthy's work fills a need for reference material that takes into account the last half century of data. It will be of interest to workers in a wide variety of fields, ranging from animal behavior to genetics, ecology, zoology, and systematics. In fact, it will make fascinating reading for anyone interested in birds and the natural world.

Flächenverbrauch sowie Störungen und Zerschneidungen in der Landschaft führen für viele Tier- und Pflanzenarten zu einschneidenden Konsequenzen. Erhöhte Mortalität, Dezimierung von Lebensräumen, verringerter Genaustausch und Verinselung der Restpopulationen erfordern eine weit über die einzelne Population oder den einzelnen Biotop hinausgehende Betrachtungsweise. Durch Verknüpfung von geographischen, verhaltensbiologischen und populationsökologischen Ansätzen wird hier erstmals ein geschlossener Überblick über das Thema vorgelegt. Anhand von Beispielen werden die Einflüsse von Störungen und in den einzelnen Wirkebenen wie Verhalten, Habitatnutzung und Population erläutert. Schlussfolgerungen für die Umwelt-, Landschaftsplanung, den Artenschutz und die Eingriffsregelung bieten neben der Vermittlung eines in sich geschlossenen Theoriegebäudes auch dem Praktiker im Naturschutz eine wertvolle Hilfe für die tägliche Arbeit.

Human transport by land, sea and air has increased exponentially through time in intensity, paralleling rises in population, prosperity and rates of technological change. Transport has considerable ecological effects, many of them detrimental to environmental sustainability. This volume brings together international experts from a variety of disciplines to review the ecological effects and their causes in terms of road, rail, ship and aircraft transport. The contributors have different attitudes and agendas. Some are ecologists, some planners, others social scientists. Focus ranges from identification of threats and amelioration of damaging effects through to future design of transport systems to minimize environmental degradation. Some chapters consider restricted areas of the globe; others the globe itself. Views encompass deep pessimism and cautious optimism.

The theme of the book is the distribution and abundance of organisms in space and time. The core of the book lies in how local births and deaths are tied to emigration and immigration processes, and how environmental variability at different scales affects population dynamics with stochastic processes and spatial structure and shows how elementary analytical tools can be used to understand population fluctuations, synchrony, processes underlying range distributions and community structure and species coexistence. The book also shows how spatial population dynamics models can be used to understand life history evolution and aspects of evolutionary game theory. Although primarily based on analytical and numerical analyses of spatial population processes, data from several study systems are also dealt with.