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Sensitization is a concept of learning and memory that has grown out of experiments on'simple'animals. Interest in sensitization has grown tremendously in the last several years, fueled mainly by evidence of the molecular basis of sensitization in invertebrates on the one hand and the study of cocaine abuse, which produces behavioral sensitization, on the other. Because the rapid advance of information across such a broad range of research areas has made an integrated approach necessary, this volume combines findings on sensitization across the phylogenetic scale.

This volume highlights five critical key issues relevant to Colorado's Black and Brown communities. As a result of the recent activity around policing and equity, marijuana, education and biases, prisoner reintegration, and activism, it offers solutions to managing those problems. The book is a resource that must be read by K-12 educators, social workers, probation officers, grass roots leaders, adult educators, and university professors in the area of sociology, education, Black studies, and the non-traditional disciplines. Additionally, the volume contains essential tools for training professionals and teaching our youth by offering insights to problem solve in urban areas. It provides pertinent information vital to the development and success of our youth struggling in K-12, higher education, and the criminal justice system. Although Colorado's Black communities are the focus of the volume, it will also serve as a model for urban communities in different states.

This book educates and familiarizes psychiatrists with the impact of cannabis beyond the scope of addiction and ways to effectively discuss the existing literature and knowledge with patients. Cannabis in Psychiatric Practice is organized by clinical setting to help tailor the literature to psychiatrists and other mental health clinicians working in all areas, whether traditional outpatient clinics, emergency departments, inpatient psychiatry or medical units. It helps readers, regardless of their training background, learn about the impact of cannabis on a variety of disorders in a manner adjusted to the unique needs and challenges of their particular treatment settings and patient populations. The book also includes clinical cases and practical tips integrating the current evidence, treatment approaches, and psychoeducation needed to effectively practice in the era of modern-day psychiatry and cannabis legalization. Chapters are written in a clear, easy-to-read style, allowing readers to reference specific portions of the book as needed, increasing its utility for the general psychiatrist and mental health clinician. With the increasing prevalence and availability of cannabis and CBD products, this book is an invaluable reference for psychiatrists who wish to explore the impact of cannabis in their clinical practice.

Brewing with Cannabis introduces the convergence of marijuana and brewing in the modern craft beer movement. Explore the varied history of how the cannabis plant became federally illegal and dive into both historic and current laws on decriminalization and legalization of cannabis in the U.S. Learn about the agriculture and biology of cannabis, unique characteristics of the plant, and the similarities between cannabis and hop plants. Find out all that is needed to successfully grow cannabis plants in the comfort of your own home (where state legal).Examine the active components of cannabis and the chemistry of how they interact with beer. Discover how to de-carboxylate THC-A into the fully psychoactive form of THC and learn methods of adding cannabis and CBD to non-alcoholic beer and homebrew for different effects. Delve into how and why the plant produces compounds such as cannabinoids and terpenes, how they function, and how to incorporate them into beer recipes. Both homebrewers and professional brewers will be inspired by a wide-range of extract-based and all-grain recipes they can adopt or use as guidance when creating non-alcoholic beer or homebrew. Designed as a practical guide to use in brewing, the final chapter will inspire readers on how the discovery of new cannabinoids and terpenes may be used in the future. This book will be especially useful to brewers seeking information on the responsible and state legal of use of cannabis in brewing.

The present edited book aimed at finding out the issues in Plant & Agricultural Biotechnology and how they can be addressed. The outline of the book was prepared as a part of the awareness program on the Biotechnology field. The contribution were invited from the people involved in green biology, directly or indirectly. The chapters have covered the substantive matter from India and abroad. The chapters explained advanced scientific knowledge as well as the regulatory framework. The issues and analysis presented in this book will shape the policy and theoretical debates in green biotechnology, at large. This book is useful to students, teachers, researchers, scientists, rural technologists and academicians engaged in the filed of plant and agricultural biotechnology.

The Encyclopedia of Governmental Advisory Organizations is the only comprehensive guide to the permanent, continuing, and ad hoc advisory committees of all kinds reporting to the president, Congress, and various U.S. government departments and agencies. EGAO describes the activities and personnel of groups and committees that function to advise the president of the United States and various departments and agencies of the federal government. Committees include presidential, ad hoc, White House and coordinating, public advisory, interagency and intra-agency, consultative, and conferences. EGAO contains detailed information about historically significant committees. An alphabetical sequence, all organizations are included in the Encyclopedia. In addition, committees can be accessed through the Personnel Index that lists chairperson and staff contact for all committees, as well as any members of national prominence; the Organizations by Presidential Administration Index that alphabetically lists committees established by each president; presidents are listed chronologically by administration, providing a general historical view of the interests of each administration and helps the user locate a committee when only a date or the establishing president is known; and the Organizations by Federal Department or Agency Index that lists all active committees associated with each federal department or agency.

A gripping explanation of the biases that lead to the blaming of pregnant women and mothers.Are mothers truly a danger to their children's health? In 2004, a mentally disabled young woman in Utah was charged by prosecutors with murder after she declined to have a Caesarian section and subsequently delivered a stillborn child. In 2010, a pregnant woman who attempted suicide when the baby's father abandoned her was charged with murder and attempted feticide after the daughter she delivered prematurely died. These are just two of the many cases that portray mothers as the major source of health risk for their children. The American legal system is deeply shaped by unconscious risk perception that distorts core legal principles to punish mothers who “fail to protect” their children. In Blaming Mothers, Professor Fentiman explores how mothers became legal targets. She explains the psychological processes we use to confront tragic events and the unconscious race, class, and gender biases that affect our perceptions and influence the decisions of prosecutors, judges, and jurors. Fentiman examines legal actions taken against pregnant women in the name of “fetal protection” including court ordered C-sections and maintaining brain-dead pregnant women on life support to gestate a fetus, as well as charges brought against mothers who fail to protect their children from an abusive male partner. She considers the claims of physicians and policymakers that refusing to breastfeed is risky to children's health. And she explores the legal treatment of lead-poisoned children, in which landlords and lead paint manufacturers are not held responsible for exposing children to high levels of lead, while mothers are blamed for their children's injuries. Blaming Mothers is a powerful call to reexamine who - and what - we consider risky to children's health. Fentiman offers an important framework for evaluating childhood risk that, rather than scapegoating mothers, provides concrete solutions that promote the health of all of America's children. Read a piece by Linda Fentiman on shaming and blaming mothers under the law on The Gender Policy Report.

William J. Bennett, former director of the National Drug Control policy under President George H.W. Bush and bestselling author of The Book of Virtues, and co-author Robert White provide strong societal and scientific arguments against the legalization of marijuana. Marijuana, once considered worthy of condemnation, has in recent years become a'medicine,'legalized fully in four states, with others expected to follow. But the dangers are clear. According to Bennett's research, more Americans are admitted to treatment facilities for marijuana use than for any other illegal drug. Studies have shown a link between marijuana use and abnormal brain structure and development. From William Bennett comes a call-to-action for the 46 states that know better than to support full legalization, and a voice of reason for millions who have jumped on the legalization bandwagon because they haven't had access to the facts.

A collection of esays and articles from parties to the opposition movement to the increase availability and access of cannabis. Twenty plus individuals come together in this publication to share their thoughts, the reputable science and the facts that support their central argument which is that legalization would increase use by youth and pose risks that are not worth taking. The move to advance legalization is addressed from a pivotal question to the debate: How do we reduce the use of marijuana by youth? This important question is the priority facing policy and decision makers given the solid science on the consequences of use by a youth population.. Individuals contributing to this work come from the world of academia, the professions of law, medicine and public health and law enforcement along with individuals and advocates associated with public health initiatives to fight the commercialization of marijuana in the United States, Canada, the UK and Australia.

American Lobotomy studies a wide variety of representations of lobotomy to offer a rhetorical history of one of the most infamous procedures in the history of medicine. The development of lobotomy in 1935 was heralded as a “miracle cure” that would empty the nation's perennially blighted asylums. However, only twenty years later, lobotomists initially praised for their “therapeutic courage” were condemned for their barbarity, an image that has only soured in subsequent decades. Johnson employs previously abandoned texts like science fiction, horror film, political polemics, and conspiracy theory to show how lobotomy's entanglement with social and political narratives contributed to a powerful image of the operation that persists to this day. The book provocatively challenges the history of medicine, arguing that rhetorical history is crucial to understanding medical history. It offers a case study of how medicine accumulates meaning as it circulates in public culture and argues for the need to understand biomedicine as a culturally situated practice.

This is the proceedings of the fourth in a series of inter­ national gatherings on kindling held on the University of British Columbia campus, June 15-17, 1989. Since the last gath­ ering in 1985, kindling continues to attract an ever-increasing number of investigators as reflected by the phenomenal increase in the number of kindling-related research reports. No other acute or chronic model has been exploited so extensively using electrophysiological, pharmacological, biochemical and behav­ ioural approaches involving a variety of brain sites and ani­ mal species. The continuing search, during the past few years, for the mechanism underlying the enduring change induced by kindling is beginning to shed some light on aspects of its molecular basis and to suggest the future direction of research. The late Graham Goddard, the original kindler, would have been delighted with this development. We were all shocked and saddened by his tragic death, but his spirit is very much alive among all of us who gathered together to share new information and collectively reassess the present state of knowledge at this symposium. I must say that we miss him very, very much. We know he is happy in his heaven knowing that he accomplished more in a short lifetime than most and that his love for mankind, and life's challenges, remain as a legacy, and goal, for us all.

It has been over 50 years since Hans Selye formulated his concept of stress. This came after the isolation of epinephrine and norepinephrine and after the sympathetic system was associated with Walter Cannon's'fight or flight'response. The intervening years have witnessed a number of dis­ coveries that have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of the stress response. The isolation, identification and manufacture of gluco­ corticoids, the identification and synthesis of ACTH and vasopressin, and the demonstration of hypothalamic regulation of ACTH secretion were pivotal discoveries. The recent identification and synthesis of CRR by Willie Vale and his colleagues gave new impetus to stress research. Several new concepts of stress have developed as a result of advances in bench research. These include the concept of an integrated'stress sys­ tem', the realization that there are bi-directional effects between stress and the immune system, the suggestion that a number of common psychiatric disorders represent dysregulation of systems responding to stress, and the epidemiologic association of stress with the major scourges of humanity.

Animal models represent experimental investigations developed in one species for the purpose of studying phenomena in another species and provide numerous advantages for preclinical research. They allow scientists greater control and isolation of important experimental variables. Animal models are safe, reproducible strategies by which to evaluate and design new pharma­ cological treatment strategies, while also allowing direct central nervous system intervention to alter the course of the aberrant behavior. Animal models have been developed for a number of mental illnesses; in this particular domain, they hold the promise to shed light on the still obscure etiologies of these illnesses and ultimately to facilitate the development and testing of'cures.'Yet, true models of mental illness are difficult to develop, because mental illness may be a uniquely human phenomenon. It was based on these considerations that the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on the Psychobiology of Depression set out to sponsor a conference to review the status, problems, promises, and relevance of animal models to the clinical conditions of affective disorders. The conference was held in September 1986 and included participants from both within the Network as well as scientists and scholars from various disciplines relevant to the concerns of the conference. After the conference was held, it became clear to the organizers that the material presented could be helpful to a broader field of investigators, since a significant portion of the information has not been presented elsewhere or in the unified context of a monograph.

Responding to the explosion of research on the pathophysiology and management of bipolar disorder, this completely revised Second Edition spans basic mechanisms, neuroimaging, viral etiology, neurofactors, current treatment implications, and modern theories of the neurobiology of bipolar disorder to stand as the most authoritative reference on this