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Das Frühneuhochdeutsche Wörterbuch ist ein alphabetisch geordnetes Bedeutungswörterbuch der Varietäten des Hochdeutschen des 14. bis 17. Jahrhunderts.

This book examines the issues on noble metal influence on gaseous combustion. The book focuses on the new data on combustion processes having practical applications and includes fire safety issues in the use of noble metals in hydrogen recombiners for NPP, as well as in catalytically stabilized (CS) combustion technology including stimulation of combustion of hydrogen-blended hydrocarbons, synthesis of carbon nanotubes, and determination of catalytic ignition limits in noble metal-hydrogen-hydrocarbon systems to meet the challenges of explosion safety.

Entrepreneurship in the Long-Run: Empirical Evidence and Historical Mechanisms reviews the available evidence on the historical roots of entrepreneurship and its relationship with economic performance across regions, which is defined as subnational geographic entities. Given the tremendous differences in the level and the type of entrepreneurship between regions, the authors focus on the regional level and demonstrate how historical factors can determine entrepreneurial activity in a region and may predetermine future development paths. In addition, the monograph looks at the ability of a regional economy to cope with external challenges. The main explanation for such long-term effects and for the persistence of the level of regional entrepreneurship over long periods are historically rooted regional cultures that change only very slowly. Generally, historical roots provide a key explanation for the development of regions along long-term trajectories that are characterized by a co-evolution of entrepreneurship, knowledge, and informal institutions. This means that regions can have persistently low or persistently high levels of entrepreneurship depending on whether historical factors shaped entrepreneurship positively or negatively. Following a brief introduction, the monograph starts with a brief overview of data availability and measurement (Section 2), summarizing the available empirical evidence on long-term trends in regional entrepreneurship in Section 3. Section 4 discusses potential explanations for these findings. Section 5 is devoted to the effects of persistent regional entrepreneurship on economic development. Based on these findings the authors discuss theory development in Section 6 and derive policy implications in Section 7. Section 8 reviews empirical challenges and describes the main avenues for further research. Section 9 provides the authors'conclusions.

This special volume of the journal Defect and Diffusion Forum is entitled: Advances in Mass and Thermal Transport in Engineering Materials IV. It continues the general theme of how mass and heat diffusion in solids and liquids occur and how these phenomena can be controlled. We start from mass and heat migration at the microscale and carry it through to the macroscale.

The Impact of Constitutional Protection of Economic Rights on Entrepreneurship: A Taxonomic Survey highlights how characteristics of the legal infrastructure of a country can create conditions that enhance new business creation. It is an exploration of the institutional determinants of entrepreneurship and the way these can affect the observed cross-country differences in the creation of new firms. The main aim is to analyze 195 constitutions, singling out the provisions that enhance economic freedom and are thus likely to create an institutional and legal setup favorable to new business creation. The study tries to answer a question of primary importance for the analysis of entrepreneurship. Does the constitutional protection of principles and values usually associated with a country's endowment of entrepreneurship capital and presence of small firms positively influence the rate of new firm formation and the total endowment of entrepreneurship capital in that country? The remainder of this monograph is structured as follows. Section 2 discusses the importance of institutions in shaping the entrepreneurship capital of a country and favoring the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Section 3 describes how higher-rank formal institutions represented by actual constitutional provisions affect the design of lower rank norms and regulations of primary importance for economic activity. Section 4 outlines the features of ‘economic constitutions', i.e. of constitutional provisions playing a key role in the management of a country's economy. Section 5 gives an overview of alternative measures of entrepreneurship and discusses their implications for empirical analysis. Section 6 focuses on the countries that have adopted the principles of ‘economic constitutions'in their written constitutions and discusses the impact of the de jure and de facto implementation of such principles on entrepreneurship. Section 7 shows how the prevailing psychological traits of a country's population may shape the impact of constitutional provisions on its proneness to entrepreneurship and sheds light on the relationship between constitutional provisions and the observed cross-country and cross-industry differences in labor productivity. Finally, Section 8 concludes and provides some recommendations for entrepreneurship policy.

Written by active investigators in the field, this book describes state-of-the-art methods that can accelerate the acquisition of 2D NMR spectra in solution-state NMR. The acquisition of fast multi-dimensional NMR data has motivated numerous ground-breaking developments in NMR pulse sequences and associated data processing methods. These in turn have revolutionized the way 2D NMR acquisitions are performed, at the same time broadening the scope of applications of 2D NMR. The first part of the book provides an in-depth description of the concepts and implementation of major fast 2D NMR methods. The second part follows with illustrations of how such methods can be used in applications that require the acquisition of fast 2D NMR spectra, from reaction monitoring to hyperpolarization, including applications to a broad variety of samples and experimental conditions. Appealing to readers from both the methodology and applications communities, this title will fill a gap in the market for a book focused on small molecule NMR, and researchers from both academia and industry will find a rich plethora of knowledge.

This volume celebrates the over fifty-year career in non-equilibrium statistical physics of Professor Paolo Grigolini of the Center for Nonlinear Science at the University of North Texas. It begins by positioning Grigolini in a five-dimensional science-personality space with the following axes: Sleeper, Keeper, Leaper, Creeper and Reaper. This introduction to the person is followed by a sequence of papers in the various areas of science where his work has had impact, including subtle questions concerned with the connection between classical and quantum systems; a two-level atom coupled to a radiation field; classical probability calculus; anomalous diffusion that is Brownian yet non-Gaussian; a new method for detecting scaling in time series; and the effect of strong Anderson localization on ultrasound transmission, among other topics.

Mit diesem Fachbuch wird eine umfassende und aktuelle Vorstellung von Verbundisolatoren mit dem speziellen Fokus auf Silikonelastomer als Mantelwerkstoff geliefert. Verbundisolatoren werden seit mehr als vierzig Jahren in verschiedenen Anwendungen der Energieübertragung und heute auch bis in die Höchstspannungsebenen erfolgreich eingesetzt. Der Stand der Technik für die Auswahl von Fertigungsverfahren und von Materialien wird erläutert und bewährte Regeln für die Dimensionierung der Isolatoren sowie deren Korona- und Lichtbogenschutzarmaturen werden vorgestellt. Auf Einzel- und Spezialanwendungen wird in den Kapiteln Langstab, Stützer, Kompaktleitungen, Phasenabstandshalter und Hohlisolatoren detailliert mit Betriebsbeispielen eingegangen. Bewährte Vorgehensweisen bei der Bewertung gebrauchter Isolatoren werden diskutiert. Eine Übersicht zu aktuellen Normen bzw. Prüfverfahren runden den Informationsgehalt ab. Die Themenauswahl und deren Darstellung ist durch das mehr als dreißigjährige Know-how der Autoren geprägt, die von einer langen Mitarbeit in IEC-Normungsgremien und in CIGRE-Arbeitsgruppen begleitet wurde. Die vorliegende zweite Auflage wurde nicht nur aktualisiert, sondern auch um die Kapitel Fremdschichtisoliervermögen von Polymerisolatoren und Trends erweitert. In letztgenanntem werden aktuelle Themen wie Interface-Verhalten von Verbundisolatoren, DC-Bewertung und -anwendung, Coatings sowie Superhydrophobie thematisiert und mit einem Outlook für die Freileitungstechnik abgeschlossen.

Wie wird eine Konferenz klimaneutral? Was macht ein Solardach auf dem Gefängnis? Wie kann eine Gebäudehülle Energie erzeugen? Und wie können gestalterische Interventionen Studierende an das Thema Nachhaltigkeit heranführen? Diese und zahlreiche weitere Fragen zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit an Universitäten behandelt das vielseitige gestaltungs- und berufsorientierte Projektstudium »Lehre für eine nachhaltige Universität« an der Universität Kassel. Die Studierenden beteiligen sich aktiv an den Umweltschutzmaßnahmen der Uni und stärken so deren nachhaltige Entwicklung. Daraus entstand die hier vorliegende Sammlung von Umsetzungsstrategien und Beispielen aus verschiedenen interdisziplinären Projekten. Sie veranschaulicht, wie das Thema Nachhaltigkeit in Lehre und Praxis zusammengedacht und umgesetzt werden kann.

Chapters “No. 10 and No. 21” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2020, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece.• The 39 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 166 submissions. The papers were submitted to three tracks: the research track, the resource track and the in-use track. These tracks showcase research and development activities, services and applications, and innovative research outcomes making their way into industry. The research track caters for both long standing and emerging research topics in the form of the following subtracks: ontologies and reasoning; natural language processing and information retrieval; semantic data management and data infrastructures; social and human aspects of the Semantic Web; machine learning; distribution and decentralization; science of science; security, privacy, licensing and trust; knowledge graphs; and integration, services and APIs.•The conference was heldvirtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Chapter ‘Piveau: A Large-scale Oopen Data Management Platform based on Semantic Web Technologies'is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Transforming Digital Worlds, iConference 2018, held in Sheffield, UK, in March 2018. The 42 full papers and 40 short papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 invited talks in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 219 submissions. The papers address topics such as social media; communication studies and online communities; mobile information and cloud computing; data mining and data analytics; information retrieval; information behaviour and digital literacy; digital curation; and information education and libraries.

This two-volume set, LNAI 11012 and 11013, constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 15th Pacific Rim Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2018, held in Nanjing, China, in August 2018.The 82 full papers and 58 short papers presented in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. PRICAI covers a wide range of topics such as AI theories, technologies and their applications in the areas of social and economic importance for countries in the Pacific Rim.

This book offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art theoretical and experimental advances in linear and nonlinear parity-time-symmetric systems in various physical disciplines, and surveys the emerging applications of parity-time (PT) symmetry. PT symmetry originates from quantum mechanics, where if the Schrodinger operator satisfies the PT symmetry, then its spectrum can be all real. This concept was later introduced into optics, Bose-Einstein condensates, metamaterials, electric circuits, acoustics, mechanical systems and many other fields, where a judicious balancing of gain and loss constitutes a PT-symmetric system. Even though these systems are dissipative, they exhibit many signature properties of conservative systems, which make them mathematically and physically intriguing. Important PT-symmetry applications have also emerged. This book describes the latest advances of PT symmetry in a wide range of physical areas, with contributions from the leading experts. It is intended for researchers and graduate students to enter this research frontier, or use it as a reference book.

The year 2015 was designated by the United Nations General Assembly as the Year of Light and Light-based Technologies, and also marks the anniversaries of a number of significant historical events related to light. In 1015, Ibn Al-Haytham published his book of optics; in 1815, Fresnel first proposed the notion that light is actually a wave; James Clerk Maxwell then firmly established this concept with his electromagnetic theory of light propagation; and Einstein announced his discovery of the photoelectric effect, demonstrating that light is made of photons in 1905, followed in 1915 by his general theory of relativity, in which light plays a central role. This book presents lectures from the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi summer school: Frontiers in Modern Optics, held in Varenna, Italy, in June and July 2014. The school attempted to give a broad and modern overview of the field of optics in a series of lectures addressing ongoing topics of research. Subject areas include: nonlinear optics; light as an investigation tool in modern physics; and detection and imaging. A unique feature of the book is that each chapter has been prepared as a collaborative effort between students at the school and lecturers. This approach has proved very successful and may well provide a model for the future.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

This book constitutes selected papers from the lectures given at the workshops held in conjunction with the User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization Conference, UMAP 2011, Girona, Spain, in July 2011. The 40 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. For each workshop there is an overview paper summarizing the workshop themes, the accepted contributions and the future research trends. In addition the volume presents a selection of the best poster papers of UMAP 2011. The workshops included are: AST, adaptive support for team collaboration; AUM, augmenting user models with real worlds experiences to enhance personalization and adaptation; DEMRA, decision making and recommendation acceptance issues in recommender systems; PALE, personalization approaches in learning environments; SASWeb, semantic adaptive social web; TRUM, trust, reputation and user modeling; UMADR, user modeling and adaptation for daily routines: providing assistance to people with special and specific needs; UMMS, user models for motivational systems: the affective and the rational routes to persuasion.

Kiez- und Kommunalpolitik im Kleinen, hohe Symbolwirkung und nationale Schrittmacherfunktion andererseits: Zwischen diesen Polen kämpfen Politiker der Großstädte um Mehrheiten und Aufmerksamkeit. Die vom OSI-Club organisierte Ringvorlesung «Medien, Macht und Metropolen» widmete sich der Idee der Metropole, ihren Bedingungen von Öffentlichkeit und politischer Kommunikation. Wissenschaftler, Journalisten, Politiker und Politikberater diskutieren: Was macht eine Metropole zum Knotenpunkt der Kommunikation? Welche Themen bewegen die Großstädter in Deutschland, Europa und weltweit? Was macht eine Großstadtpartei aus, mit welchen Strategien wird Großstadtwahlkampf geführt? Welchen Einfluss haben Bürgerinitiativen und Bürgerbeteiligung? Wie berichten Lokaljournalisten und Auslandskorrespondenten aus und über Groß- und Hauptstädte?

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies (EC-Web) held in Toulouse, France, in August/September 2011. The 25 papers accepted for EC-Web, selected from 60 submissions, are organized into eight topical sections on semantic services, business processes and services, context-aware recommender systems, intelligent agents and e-negotiation systems, collaborative filtering and preference learning, social recommender systems, agent interaction and trust management, and innovative strategies for preference elicitation and profiling.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für'Achtes Buch: Vom Frieden 1815 bis zur französischen Revolution 1830'verfügbar.

For more than a century, from about 1600 until the early eighteenth century, the Dutch dominated world trade. Via the Netherlands the far reaches of the world, both in the Atlantic and in the East, were connected. Dutch ships carried goods, but they also opened up opportunities for the exchange of knowledge. The commercial networks of the Dutch trading companies provided an infrastructure which was accessible to people with a scholarly interest in the exotic world. The present collection of essays brings together a number of studies about knowledge construction that depended on the Dutch trading networks. Contributors include: Paul Arblaster, Hans den Besten, Frans Blom, Britt Dams, Adrien Delmas, Alette Fleischer, Antje Flüchter, Michiel van Groesen, Henk de Groot, Julie Berger Hochstrasser, Grégoire Holtz, Siegfried Huigen, Elspeth Jajdelska, Maria-Theresia Leuker, Edwin van Meerkerk, Bruno Naarden, and Christina Skott.

Intelligent Information Access techniques attempt to overcome the limitations of current search devices by providing personalized information items and product/ service recommendations. They normally utilize direct or indirect user input and facilitate the information search and decision processes, according to user needs, preferences and usage patterns. Recent developments at the intersection of Information Retrieval, Information Filtering, Machine Learning, User Modelling, Natural Language Processing and Human-Computer Interaction offer novel solutions that empower users to go beyond single-session lookup tasks and that aim at serving the more complex requirement: “Tell me what I don't know that I need to know”. Information filtering systems, specifically recommender systems, have been revolutionizing the way information seekers find what they want, because they effectively prune large information spaces and help users in selecting items that best meet their needs and preferences. Recommender systems rely strongly on the use of various machine learning tools and algorithms for learning how to rank, or predict user evaluation, of items. Information Retrieval systems, on the other hand, also attempt to address similar filtering and ranking problems for pieces of information such as links, pages, and documents. But they generally focus on the development of global retrieval techniques, often neglecting individual user needs and preferences. The book aims to investigate current developments and new insights into methods, techniques and technologies for intelligent information access from a multidisciplinary perspective. It comprises six chapters authored by participants in the research event Intelligent Information Access, held in Cagliari (Italy) in December 2008.