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1. Education for Citizenship in Times of Global Challenge

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Subjects
Civic and citizenship education, Global citizenship education, Education for sustainable development, International large-scale assessments, Political socialization, Comparative educational research, ICCS, IEA studies, Civic engagement, Civic attitudes, Civic knowledge, Digital citizenship, Tolerance in education, Diversity and inclusion, Equal opportunities, Youth studies, COVID-19 pandemic, Views of the political system, Attitudes toward Europe, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPV Political control and freedoms::JPVC Civics and citizenship, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment
Abstract

This open access book investigates the ways in which young people around the world are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens. It presents the international results from the third cycle of the study IEA’s International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2022). Based on data from 24 countries or benchmarking participants from Europe, Latin America, and Asia, ICCS 2022 studies contexts for and learning outcomes of civic and citizenship education in a wide range of national contexts at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st Century. It responds to both enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change. The study addresses issues related to young people’s engagement through digital technologies, migration and diversity, perceptions of the political system, global citizenship, and education for sustainable development. Further, it contains data that reflects civic-related aspects of recent developments such as students’ perceptions of restrictions in response to national emergencies and their trust in scientists. Over the past 50 years, the IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. Prior to ICCS 2022, the IEA had conducted four international comparative studies of civic and citizenship education, with a first survey implemented in 1971, a second in 1999, a third in 2009 and a fourth in 2016. ICCS 2022 data allows education systems to evaluate the strengths of educational policies, from a comparative perspective, and to measure progress in achieving critical social objectives of their educational policy agendas.

Published
2025
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2. IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2022 Assessment Framework

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Subjects
Civic and citizenship education, Global citizenship education, Education for sustainable development, International large-scale assessments, Political socialization, Comparative educational research, ICCS, IEA studies, Civic engagement, Civic attitudes, Civic knowledge, Digital citizenship, Tolerance, Diversity and inclusion, Equal opportunities, Youth studies, COVID-19 pandemic, Views of the political system, Open classroom climate, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
Abstract

This open access publication outlines the underlying framework for gathering data on civic knowledge, attitudes, and engagement as well as contextual information, and it describes the assessment design for the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement’s (IEA) International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2022. The IEA International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) investigates how young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2022 is a continuation of two earlier IEA studies, ICCS 2009 and ICCS 2016, and, for the first time, this survey includes the option of a computer-based assessment. Responding to enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change, the study addresses issues related to young people’s engagement through digital technologies, migration and diversity, perceptions of the political system, global citizenship, and education for sustainable development. Over the past 50 years, IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. Prior to ICCS 2022, IEA conducted four international comparative studies of civic and citizenship education, with a first survey implemented in 1971, a second one in 1999, third in 2009 and fourth in 2016. ICCS 2022 data will allow education systems to evaluate the strengths of educational policies, both internationally, and in a regional context, and to measure progress in achieving critical components of their educational policy agendas.

Published
2023
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9. General Overview

Author

Damiani, Valeria, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Schulz, Wolfram, Damiani, Valeria, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, and Schulz, Wolfram

Published
2025
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10. Explaining Variation in Civic Learning Outcomes

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2025
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11. Conclusion

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2025
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12. Civic Knowledge

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2025
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13. Attitudes Toward Important Issues in Society

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2025
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14. Aspects of Students’ Civic Engagement

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2025
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18. Preparing for Life in a Digital World

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Friedman, Tim, and Duckworth, Daniel

Subjects
Assessment, Testing and Evaluation, Technology and Digital Education, Computers and Education, International and Comparative Education, Education, Assessment of computer and information literacy, CIL, Computer and Information Literacy, Digital competence, Education on computer and information literacy, Educational quality and progress, ICILS assessment framework, ICT literacy, IEA, IEA Amsterdam, Int'l Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, International computer and information literacy study, Policy and practice in CIL education, Students’ engagement with ICT, Young people’s participation in the digital age, ICILS 2018, Students’ computer and information literacy achievement, Open Access, Education: examinations & assessment, Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL), bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKD Examinations & assessment, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment & technology, computer-aided learning (CAL), bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
Abstract

This Open Access book summarizes the key findings from the second cycle of IEA’s International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS), conducted in 2018. ICILS seeks to establish how well schools around the globe are responding to the need to provide young people with the necessary digital participatory competencies. Effective use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is an imperative for successful participation in an increasingly digital world. ICILS 2018 explores international differences in students’ computer and information literacy (CIL), namely their ability to use computers to investigate, create, and communicate at home, at school, in the workplace, and in the community. Participating countries also had an option to administer an assessment of students’ computational thinking (CT), focused on their ability to recognize aspects of real-world problems appropriate for computational formulation, and to evaluate and develop algorithmic solutions to those problems, so that the solutions could be operationalized with a computer. The data collected by ICILS 2018 show how digital competencies can be assessed using instruments representing authentic contexts for ICT use, and how students’ CIL and CT skills relate to school learning experiences, out-of-school contexts, and student characteristics. Those data also show how learning technologies are used in classrooms around the world. Background questionnaires asked students about their use of ICT, and collected information from teachers, schools, and national education systems about the resourcing and teaching of CIL (and CT) within their countries. The results of ICILS 2018 will enable policymakers and education systems to develop a better understanding of the contexts and outcomes of CIL (and CT) education programs.

Published
2020
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19. IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018 Assessment Framework

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, and Friedman, Tim

Subjects
Education, Assessment, Education—Data processing, International education, Comparative education, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNV Educational equipment and technology, computer-aided learning (CAL)
Abstract

This open access book presents the assessment framework for IEA’s International Computer an Information Literacy Study (ICILS) 2018, which is designed to assess how well students are prepared for study, work and life in a digital world. The study measures international differences in students’ computer and information literacy (CIL): their ability to use computers to investigate, create, participate and communicate at home, at school, in the workplace and in the community. Participating countries also have an option for their students to complete an assessment of computational thinking (CT). The ICILS assessment framework articulates the basic structure of the study, providing a description of the field and the constructs to be measured. This book outlines the design and content of the measurement instruments, sets down the rationale for those designs, and describes how measures generated by those instruments relate to the constructs. Hypothesized relations between constructs provide the foundation for some of the analyses that follow. Above all, the framework links ICILS to other similar research, enabling the contents of this assessment framework to combine theory and practice in an explication of both the ‘what’ and the ‘how’ of ICILS.

Published
2019
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20. Young People's Views of Government, Peaceful Coexistence, and Diversity in Five Latin American Countries

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Cox, Cristián, and Friedman, Tim

Subjects
Education, Assessment, International education, Comparative education, Educational policy, Education and state, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies and policy, thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JND Educational systems and structures::JNDH Education: examinations and assessment
Abstract

This open access report presents findings from the five Latin American countries that participated in the second cycle of the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016). ICCS 2016 investigated the ways in which a range of countries are preparing their young people to undertake their roles as citizens during the second decade of the 21st century. The study also responded to new challenges in civic and citizenship education, and its findings allow robust comparisons of lower-secondary students’ attitudes to and perceptions of a wide range of aspects related to civics and citizenship. The results presented in this report come mainly from data collected via a regional Latin American student questionnaire. The findings provide insights into Latin American lower-secondary students’ thoughts on government practices (e.g., corruption and authoritarian government), their attitudes toward peaceful coexistence (e.g., use of violence, disobedience to the law, empathy), and their perceptions of diversity in society (e.g., tolerance of and discrimination against minorities and homosexuals). Four of the five participating Latin American countries also participated in the previous cycle of this study (ICCS 2009), making it possible to explore changes in young people’s civic-related perceptions and attitudes between 2009 and 2016. Data from the international part of the study (test and questionnaire) were used to review the extent to which region-specific perceptions relate to other factors such as students’ level of civic knowledge and students’ socioeconomic and educational contexts.

Published
2018
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21. Becoming Citizens in a Changing World: IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016 International Report

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Ainley, John, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, and Friedman, Tim

Subjects
Civic education, ICCS, IEA Educational Achievement, Civic knowledge, Civics and citizenship, Attitudes to civic life, Engagement with civic life, Civic participation, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education
Abstract

Civic education; ICCS; IEA Educational Achievement; Civic knowledge; Civics and citizenship; Attitudes to civic life; Engagement with civic life; Civic participation

Published
2018
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22. Young People's Perceptions of Europe in a Time of Change: IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016 European Report

Author

Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Damiani, Valeria, and Schulz, Wolfram

Subjects
Civic Education, ICCS, IEA Educational Achievement, Civic knowledge, Civics and citizenship, Attitudes to civic life, Engagement with civic life, Civic and Citizenship Education Study, ICCS 2016, Civic participation, European identity, Feelings of being European, Perceptions of freedom, Attitudes toward immigration, Freedom of European citizens, Perceptions of Europe and its future, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations
Abstract

Civic Education; ICCS; IEA Educational Achievement; Civic knowledge; Civics and citizenship; Attitudes to civic life; Engagement with civic life; Civic and Citizenship Education Study; ICCS 2016; Civic participation; European identity; Feelings of being European; Perceptions of freedom; Attitudes toward immigration; Freedom of European citizens; Perceptions of Europe and its future

Published
2018
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24. Preparing for Life in a Digital Age: The IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study International Report

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Friedman, Tim, and Gebhardt, Eveline

Subjects
Assessment, Testing and Evaluation, Computers and Education, International and Comparative Education, bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education, bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries, bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WC Antiques & collectables::WCF Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics)
Abstract

Assessment, Testing and Evaluation; Computers and Education; International and Comparative Education

Published
2014
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25. Assessment Design

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2023
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26. Civic Knowledge Framework

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2023
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27. Overview

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2023
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28. Civic Attitudes and Engagement Framework

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2023
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29. Contextual Framework

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, Friedman, Tim, Schulz, Wolfram, Fraillon, Julian, Losito, Bruno, Agrusti, Gabriella, Ainley, John, Damiani, Valeria, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2023
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37. Students’ computational thinking

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Friedman, Tim, Duckworth, Daniel, Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Friedman, Tim, and Duckworth, Daniel

Published
2020
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40. Introduction

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, Friedman, Tim, Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2019
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41. ICILS instruments

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, Friedman, Tim, Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2019
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42. Contextual framework

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, Friedman, Tim, Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2019
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44. Computational thinking framework

Author

Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, Friedman, Tim, Fraillon, Julian, Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Duckworth, Daniel, and Friedman, Tim

Published
2019
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45. Questionnaire Development in International Large-Scale Assessment Studies

Author

Schulz, Wolfram, Carstens, Ralph, Hegarty, Seamus, Series Editor, Rutkowski, Leslie, Series Editor, Ainley, John, Editorial Board Member, Ercikan, Kadriye, Editorial Board Member, Klieme, Eckhard, Editorial Board Member, Lehmann, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Lin, Fou-Lai, Editorial Board Member, Lockheed, Marlaine, Editorial Board Member, Maughan, Sarah, Editorial Board Member, Omoeva, Carina, Editorial Board Member, Papanastasiou, Elena C., Editorial Board Member, White Plisko, Valena, Editorial Board Member, Plucker, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Reimers, Fernando, Editorial Board Member, Rutkowski, David, Editorial Board Member, Välijärvi, Jouni, Editorial Board Member, and Wagemaker, Hans, Editorial Board Member

Published
2020
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46. Framework Development in International Large-Scale Assessment Studies

Author

Ainley, John, Schulz, Wolfram, Hegarty, Seamus, Series Editor, Rutkowski, Leslie, Series Editor, Ainley, John, Editorial Board Member, Ercikan, Kadriye, Editorial Board Member, Klieme, Eckhard, Editorial Board Member, Lehmann, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Lin, Fou-Lai, Editorial Board Member, Lockheed, Marlaine, Editorial Board Member, Maughan, Sarah, Editorial Board Member, Omoeva, Carina, Editorial Board Member, Papanastasiou, Elena C., Editorial Board Member, White Plisko, Valena, Editorial Board Member, Plucker, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Reimers, Fernando, Editorial Board Member, Rutkowski, David, Editorial Board Member, Välijärvi, Jouni, Editorial Board Member, and Wagemaker, Hans, Editorial Board Member

Published
2020
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47. Ensuring Validity in International Comparisons Using State-of-the-Art Psychometric Methodologies

Author

Von Davier, Matthias, Gonzalez, Eugenio, Schulz, Wolfram, Hegarty, Seamus, Series Editor, Rutkowski, Leslie, Series Editor, Ainley, John, Editorial Board Member, Ercikan, Kadriye, Editorial Board Member, Klieme, Eckhard, Editorial Board Member, Lehmann, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Lin, Fou-Lai, Editorial Board Member, Lockheed, Marlaine, Editorial Board Member, Maughan, Sarah, Editorial Board Member, Omoeva, Carina, Editorial Board Member, Papanastasiou, Elena C., Editorial Board Member, White Plisko, Valena, Editorial Board Member, Plucker, Jonathan, Editorial Board Member, Reimers, Fernando, Editorial Board Member, Rutkowski, David, Editorial Board Member, Välijärvi, Jouni, Editorial Board Member, and Wagemaker, Hans, Editorial Board Member

Published
2020
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