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This book is a comprehensive guide for industrial bioprocess development, covering major aspects of microbial processes and their role in biotechnology. It provides a selection of hyperproducers, microbial products, and metabolic engineering strategies for industrial production. It covers high cell density cultivation techniques product formation kinetics measurement and limiting parameters in large-scale process development. The first and second section of the book focuses on biotechniques, including spectroscopic concepts of light, wave, and electromagnetic theory, as well as absorption, fluorescence, phosphorescence, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. It also covers the basic principles, concepts, biological applications, and other advanced techniques. The third section emphasizes microbial inventions and improvements in bioprocess development. It covers microbial products and recent developments in fermentation technology and also includes information on metabolic engineering. The fourth section related to microbial inventions and bioprocesses which include platforms for recombinant gene expression, as well as the development of recombinant heterologous expression systems such as E. coli, yeast, mammalian and insect cells, and plant cells used as biofactories. The fifth section of the book focuses on microbial product waste management in extreme environments, biomass waste management, bio-pulping, bio-bleaching, textiles, biofuels, and animal feed production. The book aims to provide a multidisciplinary opportunity on all aspects of microbial biotechnology. It covers recent international developments that have renewed interest in industrial microbiology and biotechnology. The book is suitable for teachers, researchers, graduate and post-graduate students, environmentalists, microbiologists, and biotechnologists.

This book provides a comprehensive review of biofilm matrices. The main topics include an introduction to biofilm matrices and the range of biofilm matrix components (i.e., biofilm matrixome) as well as an overview of what is known about matrix structure, functionality, and regulation. Additional topics include recent progress in investigating the biofilm matrixome as well as challenges and outstanding questions and descriptions of the influence of matrix interactions on biofilm architecture and pathogen-host interactions. This book covers an important aspect of biofilm biology-microbial biofilm matrices. Microbes form multicellular aggregates called biofilms, in which microbial cells are encased in an extracellular matrix. This enables microbes to withstand harsh environmental conditions including antibiotic treatment. Biofilms are ubiquitous in the environment and can be both beneficial and harmful. For example, they can be used to clean up wastewater, but they also cause serious and chronic infections. It is estimated that over 80% of infections in the United States are biofilm-associated. Some examples of biofilm-involved infections include infections of implanted medical devices or artificial joints and also chronic infections of burns and wounds, including diabetic ulcers. When biofilms show up during infections or human health problems, they act very differently than planktonic bacteria. For example, biofilms can be ~1000-fold more tolerant of antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. The biofilm matrix is thought to be a key part of why these bacterial infections are so difficult to treat. Biofilm matrix composition varies between bacterial strains and under different growth conditions. In general, the biofilm matrix is rich in biopolymers and can contain exopolysaccharides, proteins, extracellular DNA (or eDNA), and lipids. The biofilm matrix promotes attachment and structurally reinforces bacterial aggregates, preventing clearance by mechanical forces. The matrix can even block antibiotics from accessing the bacteria or prevent the host immune system from seeing the bacteria. The target audience of this book is both established biofilm researchers and those who are newly learning about biofilms and biofilm matrices.

This book covers microbiological features of the diseases that require intensive care support, including iatrogenic and hospital-acquired infections. The knowledge will assist in the early diagnosis and treatment of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections requiring critical care admission to improve patient outcomes. All microbiological and therapeutic concerns and management of infectious disorders of all human body systems, from the brain to the musculoskeletal system, are addressed. It also describes practical and descriptive ways to prevent, diagnose, and manage various known and forthcoming healthcare-associated illnesses, ranging from MRSA to VRE and others. Applied Microbiology in Intensive Care Medicine will benefit not only intensive and critical care practitioners but also infectious disease practitioners and physicians, surgeons, intensivists, clinical pharmacists, nurses, and technicians in intensive care units.

The book delves into various aspects of the hair care industry, providing a comprehensive understanding of hair throughout history, its anatomy and physiology, genetics and molecular mechanisms of hair color, and the raw materials used in the industry. It explores the diverse range of hair care products, including oils, dyes, lotions, and serums, and emphasizes the importance of global regulatory approaches to ensure consumer health and safety, particularly in relation to nano-formulations and synthetic hair care products. The book also addresses the safety and efficacy of herbal care products from a global regulatory perspective. Furthermore, it examines the impact of the microbiome on hair care products, highlighting the opportunities and challenges in complying with global regulations. The evaluation of hair care product safety is discussed within a global context, exploring different models and methods. The book also focuses on the journey of hair care products from laboratory testing to market, emphasizing clinical and preclinical assessments in compliance with global regulations. It highlights the role of ex-vivo hair follicle models in ensuring the safety and effectiveness of hair care products while providing a global regulatory framework. Additionally, the book explores the potential of artificial intelligence in predicting hair product toxicity, taking a global perspective. It delves into omics approaches for hair toxicity assessment, discussing current advances and future directions in this field. The next generation of hair products is also explored, with a focus on innovations that prioritize safe and healthy consumer choices. Finally, the book provides an overview of global regulatory frameworks for the hair care industry, including key agencies and guidelines. It serves as a valuable resource for professionals and researchers in the field, offering insights into the historical, scientific, and regulatory aspects of hair care products and their impact on consumer health and safety.

This book brings together the molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of entomopathogenic fungi, various aspects of mycoinsecticide development, and regulatory aspects to highlight the immense contribution of the agricultural sector. The chapters address aspects of entomopathogenic fungi, including host-pathogen interactions (susceptibility and resistance), fungus-insect and fungus-fungus dual interactions, phylogeny and taxonomy, biochemistry, and molecular basis of enteropathogenesis, market potential of entomopathogens, regulatory aspects, bioprospecting of fungi, fungi as crop bodyguards and in disease suppression, and consortia for the control of insect pests and pathogens in single crop systems. Written by experts in academia and industry from Algeria, Brazil, Hungary, India, Italy, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan, and the United States, the book overviews entomopathogenic fungi used as biological control agents against insect pests and other arthropods, their mode of action, pathogenesis, bioactive metabolites, mycotoxins involved, their mass production, limitations, and agricultural- and environment-related issues. It also includes developing various biopesticide products, with special references to formulations and prospects. In agriculture, crop protection and production depend on insect pests controlled by entomopathogenic fungi. Understanding the pathogenicity, mechanism of action, formulations, and applications of a wide array of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticides is a valid eco-friendly approach. The book provides advances in pathogenicity, biochemistry, virulence, and interaction that facilitate the application of Beauveria, Metarhizium, and other entomopathogens as potential biopesticides against major insect pests. Developments in bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, enzymes, and toxins of entomopathogenic fungi have facilitated precise applications and management to target insect pests. Further advances in molecular aspects, the formulation of nanobiopesticides, and biofabricated technology paved the way for insect pest control. This book will be a helpful resource for students, teachers, researchers, scientists, and professionals in the industry working on biological sciences, applied entomology, mycology, zoology, forestry, biochemistry, molecular biology, and nanotechnology.

This book covers polyextremophiles, the latest biotechnological advances, and developments in the study of extremophilic diversity with a focus on genetics, proteomics and the impact of climate change. It sets out new perspectives on the polyextremophiles'mechanism of tolerance to extreme conditions, and it also outlines their applications in bioremediation, therapeutics, and astrobiology research. Expert contributors discuss topics such as genes associated with polyextremophiles, the applications of genome editing in extremophiles, secondary metabolites from extremophiles, and the biocatalytic potential of extemozymes isolated from extremophiles. Readers will find in this book several case studies that collate the diverse applications of polyextremophiles for bioremediation, including the use of extremophilic algae in wastewater treatment, nutrient recovery and animal feed production, the treatment of industrial waste, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and the removal of microplastics, heavy metals and E-waste. Particular attention is given to the use of polyextremophiles for bioremediation of abandoned mining sites. The book also presents bioactive compounds from halophiles and their biomedical applications and discusses the implications of polyextremophiles in astrobiology research. Given its breadth, this book is a valuable contribution to the biotechnology of polyextremophiles by overviewing research to date and exploring challenges and opportunities for future research. It also benefits a broad readership, from scholars, researchers and students to industry professionals interested in the study and development of biotechnological applications of polyextremophiles.

This textbook serves to teach readers about the origins of life, the probabilistic process of self-assembly underpinning all living systems, from a biophysics perspective. The author cohesively summarizes the various organizing principles that led to the development of an ordered physical basis on which the evolution of life operates. This book answers critical questions, such as why life depends on the properties of inanimate objects and how the laws of physics, chemistry, and biology convolved to spontaneously produce the periodic table and, of course, life itself. Readers are provided with an introduction to probability distributions as well as detailed descriptions of important concepts in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics. As the book progresses, an understanding for the inevitability of life is developed through topics such as stellar nucleosynthesis and prebiotic evolution. Each chapter also includes problems for readers to gain a better understanding of the material. This textbook is accessible to students and researchers of all levels and serves as a comprehensive guide on the physics behind abiogenesis.

Mycorrhiza in agroecosystem restoration is a groundbreaking book that sheds light on the critical role of mycorrhiza in restoring agroecosystems. This book comprehensively overviews the latest research findings, methodologies, and techniques for mycorrhizal management in agricultural systems. It serves as an essential guide for researchers, professionals, and students interested in understanding the importance of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration. The book covers a broad range of topics related to mycorrhizae, including the ecological and economic significance of mycorrhiza in agricultural systems, the diversity of mycorrhizal associations, the role of mycorrhizae in plant nutrition, and the application of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration. The book critically analyzes the current state of mycorrhizal research, highlighting the gaps and challenges in our understanding of mycorrhizae and their role in agroecosystem restoration. The authors ofthis book are leading experts in the field of mycorrhizal research, with extensive experience in studying mycorrhizae in agricultural systems. They bring their expertise and knowledge to this book, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the importance of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration. Mycorrhiza in agroecosystem restoration is a timely contribution to the field of mycorrhizal research. With the growing recognition of the importance of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, this book is a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, and students interested in understanding the potential of mycorrhizae in agroecosystem restoration. This book provides readers with a deep understanding of the mechanisms of mycorrhizal symbiosis and their impact on plant growth and development. The book covers a wide range of topics, including the impact of mycorrhizae on soil structure and fertility, the use of mycorrhizal inoculants in crop production, and the role of mycorrhizae in the restoration of degraded agroecosystems. “Mycorrhiza in Agroecosystem Restoration” is a must-read for anyone interested in the potential of mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture. With its comprehensive coverage of the latest research findings and methodologies, this book is an essential guide for researchers, professionals, and students alike. The authors'expertise and knowledge make this book valuable for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of mycorrhizae and their role in agroecosystem restoration.

In dit boek wordt stilgestaan bij alle soorten infecties en alle aandachtsgebieden binnen de medische microbiologie. Het is gebaseerd op klinisch relevante groepen van infectieziekten, waarbij de nadruk is gelegd op die infectieziekten die een in Nederland en Vlaanderen werkzame arts regelmatig tegenkomt.De vijfde druk is bijgewerkt op actuele onderwerpen zoals MERS, SARS, COVID-19, modellering, pandemic preparedness, vaccinatieontwikkeling en ook niet-farmacologische interventies. Dankzij de inbreng van Vlaamse redacteuren en auteurs is er ook specifieke aandacht voor resistentie en therapie in België. Vrijwel alle ziektebeelden worden toegelicht aan de hand van casuïstiek. De hoofdstukken zijn opnieuw ingedeeld en in ruime mate van illustraties voorzien. Leerboek microbiologie en infectieziekten is primair bedoeld voor studenten geneeskunde en medische biologie, maar wordt ook binnen de studies tandheelkunde en mondzorg ingezet. Daarnaast is heteen handzaam naslagwerk voor de professional. Alle inhoud van dit boek is bovendien via de online leeromgeving beschikbaar.Aan deze geactualiseerde en uitgebreide druk hebben specialisten van alle Nederlandse en Vlaamse geneeskundefaculteiten meegewerkt.

Concise and easy to read, Murray's Basic Medical Microbiology: Foundations and Clinical Cases, 2nd Edition, provides a solid foundation in the principles of microbiology, preparing you not only for examinations but also for the transition to clinical application. Authored by Dr. Patrick Murray, the lead author of the bestselling Medical Microbiology, this clearly written, condensed text offers a straightforward, practical introduction to this challenging topic. It provides complete coverage of the most commonly observed organisms and diseases, numerous case studies, review questions, and up-to-date content throughout, including coverage of COVID-19. - Features a logical organization by organism, focusing on the association between an organism and disease. - Provides over 180 clinical cases to strengthen understanding of infectious organisms in a clinical setting. - Includes a brand new section with devoted chapters on diseases affecting each body system and the multiple organisms that may be responsible to help sharpen clinical reasoning skills. - Includes differential diagnosis, organism classification overview, and a list of antimicrobials used to treat infections in the introductory chapter of each organism section, reinforcing clinical application and relevance. - Contains numerous tables and high-quality illustrations that offer visual guidance and an easy review of key material. - Includes more multiple-choice review questions to aid in self-assessment and examination preparation.

This book focuses on the applications of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in the form of bioinoculants to enhance the crop productivity and resilience against pathogens. Chapters explain the latest findings on development of the bioinoculants utilizing the modern technologies and agri-wastes. It also provides the latest information on methods of improving quality and efficiency of bioformulations and utilization of advanced biotechnological tools for developing precision products. PGPMs play important roles in survival and health of the plant. These useful microorganisms provide plants with nutrients, protect them from pathogens and help in combating abiotic stresses. It is important that these mutualistic interactions between plant and soil microbes are well understood so as to develop reliable products in the form of biostimulants, biopesticides and manage biotic and abiotic stresses in crops. Apart from enhancing crop productivity, plant-microbe interactions can also perform activities such as reclamation of degraded lands, degradation of pollutants and remediation of saline or marginal lands. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, plant scientists and microbiologists. Also, the book serves as an additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, microbiology, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

This textbook, which is the second volume of the book series-Microbial Zoonoses, provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of fungal zoonoses and sapronoses of public importance. The book is divided into two volumes; the chapters in the first volume deals with the general introduction, taxonomy and genomic analysis, classification of fungus, pathogenesis and immunology of fungal infections. The subsequent chapters in this section provide an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, antifungal agents available for treatment, management, and prevention of fungal zoonoses and sapronoses. It also classifies anti-fungal agents and discusses the mechanism of resistance to these agents. Lastly, it presents the challenges in the treatment of the fungal diseases. The second section discusses important fungal infections and disease causing fungal agents. It also provides information on the pathogenesis, pathology, immunology and clinical manifestations. Cutting across the disciplines, this book act as a guide to the undergraduate and post graduate students of medicine, veterinary and allied sciences who deals with fungal infections.​

This book reviews the latest developments in the field of plant-based biomanufacturing, namely the utilization of plant factories to obtain valuable active ingredients for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Biotechnological processes for the production of these natural active substances are increasingly becoming the focus of research as plants hold enormous potential for a bio-based economy. Chapters written by leading experts in the field present various examples of the biological activity of plant molecules and the use of plants and plant in vitro cultures in modern biotechnological processes. The book discusses innovative approaches, including possibilities for targeted modification of plant metabolic pathways, co-cultivation of plants and cyanobacteria, and the extraction of secondary plant compounds from residues of medicinal and aromatic plants. Special aspects of bioprocess technology, safety and ethical issues including global tasks and future challenges are also highlighted. In this book, readers will find an authoritative perspective on the significance of plant factories as alternative bioproduction resources, offering sustainable solutions for bio-based economies. By addressing future challenges in plant-based biomanufacturing, this book is also an indispensable guide for staying ahead of industry trends. This book not only serves as a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry but also provides important information to newcomers entering the field of plant-based biomanufacturing.

This book explores the antifungal properties of natural products and reviews their antifungal mechanism. An introductory chapter illustrates the various fungal pathogenic species, common fungal diseases, and general mechanisms of action of various antifungal classes, including natural products. The book comprises seven sections and each section contains chapters on the efficacy and antifungal mode of action of plant extracts, essential oils, natural compounds, their derivatives, and plant-based nanoparticles. A section summarizes the antifungal efficacy of compounds derived from sources other than plants, like microbes. Besides compound toxicity, the book explores the antifungal mode of action and efficacy against the virulence and pathogenicity of fungal pathogens like Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, and other pathogenic fungi. Further, the book also describes recent advancements in the discovery of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies that are non-toxic and more efficacious for combating drug resistance. This book is an invaluable source for researchers working in the field of fungal biochemistry, anti-microbial, and anti-bacterial and undergraduate and postgraduate students of microbiology and pharmacology.