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This book explores emerging justifications of capitalism based on the views of academics from around the world in business. The traditional justification for capitalism has been that it is the one system that produces the most wealth with the least cost for the most people. While this justification no longer has the taken-for-granted status it once enjoyed, it remains the dominant and mainstream argument in favor of capitalism, especially in the United States. Despite capitalism's production of human wealth, it is implicated by trends such as income and wealth inequalities, climate change caused by the burning of fossil fuels and racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination. This volume asserts that in this age of complexity, inequality, and ecological instability, capitalism's future depends on our ability to broaden the justifications for it to include a much more elaborate list of values beyond wealth and efficiency. It does so without claiming tologically or empirically prove that capitalism is the best of all possible economic systems, but rather to explore a new and hopeful future for the system; Next stage capitalism. Written by an international group of scholars from various disciplines, this book is of great interest to those who work in philosophy, sociology, political science, history and theology and religious studies.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment, INTETAIN 2023 which was held in Lucca, Italy, during November 27, 2023.The 15 full papers presented in this book were selected from 56 submissions. They present novel and innovative work in areas of methods (machine learning, movement), computer-based systems (architectures, software, algorithms), and devices (digital cameras, smartphones). The papers are grouped in sessions of thematic issues on Games and Game-Based learning; Motion Capture; Sports and Competitions; and Interfaces and Applications.

This book explores the recent history and future directions of scholarly publishing in the humanities in the United States from a marketing and communications perspective. The study draws on statistical surveys and data from a multidude of sources in order to analyze the major challenges confronting the humanities in higher education as well as the opportunities for print and digital publication since 2000. Chapters cover all types of publishing from university to trade presses, libraries, national programs, and self publishing, and focuses on changes in higher education funding, the impact of disruptive technologies such as AI, and the importance of global markets in disseminating new research in the humanities. The author explores these trends and other relevant theories, practices, and examples to achieve a better understanding of why publishing scholarly books and journals in the humanities is, and will remain, a critically important yet complicated component of the higher education landscape.

In The Big Steal, Jonathan Barnett documents the unusual confluence of ideological commitments and business interests behind the across-the-board dilution of legal protections for inventors and artists under U.S. patent and copyright law. Concurrently with the rise of the digital economy and platform-based markets, the Supreme Court, Congress, and antitrust regulators significantly weakened legal protections against the unauthorized use of technological inventions and creative works. Under the popular slogan that'information wants to be free,'significant portions of the scholarly and tech communities advocated and welcomed the erosion of property rights in knowledge markets. This policy shift often relied on incomplete or premature findings that concerning the impact of robust intellectual property rights on innovation markets. Through a rich analysis that draws on law, economics, and political science, and using evidence from a wide range of technology and creative markets, Barnett shows that the depropertization of intellectual assets poses a risk to the U.S. and global innovation ecosystem by shifting economic value toward digital intermediaries and vertically integrated entities and away from the technology and content originators that drive the most robust knowledge economies.

The Routledge Handbook of the New African Diasporic Literature introduces world literature readers to the transnational, multivocal writings of immigrant African authors. Covering works produced in Europe, North America, and elsewhere in the world, this book investigates three major aesthetic paradigms in African diasporic literature: the Sankofan wave (late 1960s–early 1990s); the Janusian wave (1990s–2020s); and the Offshoots of the New Arrivants (those born and growing up outside Africa).Written by well-established and emerging scholars of African and diasporic literatures from across the world, the chapters in the book cover the works of well-known and not-so-well-known Anglophone, Francophone, and Lusophone writers from different theoretical positionalities and critical approaches, pointing out the unique innovative artistic qualities of this major subgenre of African literature. The focus on the “diasporic consciousness” of the writers and their works sets this handbook apart from others that solely emphasize migration, which is more of a process than the community of settled African people involved in the dynamic acts of living reflected in diasporic writings.This book will appeal to researchers and students from across the fields of Literature, Diaspora Studies, African Studies, Migration Studies, and Postcolonial Studies.

The Oxford Handbook of Arts and Cultural Management is a curated, first-line resource for graduate students and scholars that critically and analytically surveys the contemporary research in arts and cultural management and suggests directions for future work. The rigorous and in-depth contributions by both leading and emerging scholars from diverse national and disciplinary backgrounds emphasize public and nonprofit arts and cultural organizations and their social environments, while also touching on creative industry practices. As the field emerges from a post-pandemic world, the Handbook also plays a critical role in envisioning a new future for arts and cultural management research - one that supports movements towards a more equitable, sustainable, and just society.

Driverless vehicles have received much public attention in recent years and made their way to the forefront of mobility research. While some early predictions on their feasibility have proven overly optimistic, useful applications are already emerging. The proceedings presented here examine the various legal approaches, based on differing assumptions about the technical possibilities as well as on diverging ethical and socio-economic conditions.

'This book covers key topics such as gathering requirements, modeling requirements with use cases, testing the system, building entity-relationship models, building class models in UML with patterns of data modeling and software quality attributes, and use case modeling. It also includes case studies of relational and object-relational database schema design'--

Autonomous systems driven by artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have significant potential for increased productivity and improved safety in many sectors, but it is inevitable that some accidents will occur. The law needs an adequate way to respond to these scenarios and compensate those wrongfully injured. This comprehensive book examines the unique difficulties that autonomous systems create for existing accident compensation systems founded on tort, and proposes solutions.Its chapters question the adequacy of accident compensation systems designed around the human wrongdoer, or a human whose conduct can be attributed to a legal person, when the'wrongdoer'is an autonomous system. With a multi-jurisdictional approach, including both common and civil law perspectives, this book examines the many challenges that autonomous systems present in tort law and sets forth that tort lawyers will need to significantly adjust their thinking to face these challenges. Focus is given to proposals and developments at an EU level and finding solutions to the problems brought about by autonomous systems.This insightful text will be of great value to both students, researchers and practitioners in tort law, accident compensation and AI. High tech companies, think tanks, consultancies and organisations interested in autonomous systems and accidents will also widely benefit from its expertise.

This two-volume set, LNCS 13810 and 13811, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science, LOD 2022, together with the papers of the Second Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, ACAIN 2022. The total of 84 full papers presented in this two-volume post-conference proceedings set was carefully reviewed and selected from 226 submissions. These research articles were written by leading scientists in the fields of machine learning, artificial intelligence, reinforcement learning, computational optimization, neuroscience, and data science presenting a substantial array of ideas, technologies, algorithms, methods, and applications.

This book details the advances in drug discovery and delivery and the present need for emerging technologies. Throughout the text new micro and nanofabrication techniques are described, including methods such as electrohydrodynamic processes, additive manufacturing, and microfluidics, which have the potential to produce drug delivery systems that were not possible a few years ago. This book is of great use to both entry-level and experienced researchers in the field of emerging technologies for the manufacturing of drug delivery devices.Features: Describes technologies that are significantly enhancing the delivery of drugs and biologics Presents new data on mobile and wearable point-of-care testing systems Features hot topics such as electrospinning, 3D printing and micro-needles Focuses on additive manufacturing (AM) which can be used to provide customized treatment for patients Will appeal to experienced researchers and those considering entering the field of emerging technologies for the manufacturing of drug delivery devises

This book brings together diverse ideas on selected facets of globalisation and transitions in globalisation. The scholars that have contributed to this book examine the phenomenon of globalisation through varied lenses, focusing specifically on the human and economic perspectives. These analyses originate in many areas and different legal systems but are all connected through the work of Professor John Farrar and the associations of the contributors with him. This book does not attempt to provide answers to the many challenges of globalisation. Instead, this book discusses selected, particular aspects of globalisation that derive from and are connected to the authors'own research. The thematic diversity of this book is a true strength and should draw a broad range of readers. Whilst this book is primarily written from a legal angle, its content overlaps with broader specialised policy areas, with contributions ranging from taxation to ageing, from insolvency to social licences, and from refugees to the treatment of first nations people. In short, there is something for everyone in this book. As a tribute to the life's work of an outstanding legal scholar, Professor John Farrar, this book explores legal responses to the social and economic impacts of globalisation. After personal acknowledgments from colleagues highlighting the significance of his scholarship, this book is divided into two parts. The first part addresses the social impact of globalisation, focusing on immigration and the impact on First Nations people. Changes in the regulation of medicine and technologies related to ageing are also addressed in this part. In part two, the book addresses the transitioning corporate law landscape and notions of fairness and good faith in the law. The final part contains the conclusions, reflections and synthesis of the editors.

An urgent reality check for America's blinkered fixation on STEM education. We live in an era of STEM obsession. Not only do tech companies dominate American enterprise and economic growth while complaining of STEM shortages, but we also need scientific solutions to impending crises. As a society, we have poured enormous resources—including billions of dollars—into cultivating young minds for well-paid STEM careers. Yet despite it all, we are facing a worker exodus, with as many as 70% of STEM graduates opting out of STEM work. Sociologist John D. Skrentny investigates why, and the answer, he shows, is simple: the failure of STEM jobs. Wasted Education reveals how STEM work drives away bright graduates as a result of “burn and churn” management practices, lack of job security, constant training for a neverending stream of new—and often socially harmful—technologies, and the exclusion of women, people of color, and older workers. Wasted Education shows that if we have any hope of improving the return on our STEM education investments, we have to change the way we're treating the workers on whom our future depends.

This book analyses India's trade policy evolution in the last two decades in the broad context of trends and patterns in global trade and in particular, with reference to the emergence of global value chains (GVCs).Through an in-depth analysis of its trade policy evolution in the 2000s, the author explains India's limited share of global merchandise trade, especially manufacturing trade and relatively low GVC integration. The book discusses India's trade policy, pattern and global trade participation not just in the comparative context of China as is true of most analyses relating to the Indian economy, economic reforms and trade liberalization in India but also in the context of regional economies like Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Bangladesh and other emerging market economies (EMEs) that have successfully integrated with GVCs/ RVCs in the period under reference. Progress and nature of India's value chain participation relative to other economies has been evaluated in this context. The book further examines policy developments with respect to traditional trade measures like tariffs and export schemes, trade and GVC related policies in special economic zones (SEZs) as well as GVC-facilitating policy instruments such as regional/ free trading agreements (RTAs/FTAs) and investment treaties. Three sectoral case studies - automobiles, textiles and apparel and electronics - are presented to examine India's participation in these dynamic GVC intensive sectors. An important study of one of the fastest growing economies in the world for almost two decades, this book will be of substantial interest to academics and policymakers in the fields of Economics, International Economics, Foreign Policy, Economic Relations, Economic Diplomacy, Indian- Southeast/East Asian Economics.

Financial Times Business Top Title March 2022 How could a large collection of small companies, most with fewer than 50 employees, rise to compete with Big Pharma, one of the world's most breathtakingly expensive and highly regulated industries? Beginning in the 1970s, several scientific breakthroughs promised to transform the creation of new medicines. As investors sought to capitalize on these Nobel Prize-winning discoveries, the biotech industry grew to thousands of small companies around the world. Each sought to emulate what the major pharmaceutical companies had been doing for a century or more, but without the advantages of scale, scope, experience, and massive resources. Biotech companies have met the challenge by creating nearly 40% more of the most important treatments for previously unmet medical needs. Moreover, they have done so with much lower overall costs. From Breakthrough to Blockbuster: The Business of Biotechnology focuses on both the companies themselves and the broader biotech ecosystem that supports them. It paints a portrait of the crucial roles played by academic research, venture capital, contract research organizations, the capital markets, and pharmaceutical companies, demonstrating how a supportive environment enabled the entrepreneurial biotech industry to create novel medicines with unprecedented efficiency. In doing so, it also offers insights for any industry seeking to innovate in uncertain and ambiguous conditions.

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of death for women worldwide. With advances in molecular engineering in the 1980s, hopes began to rise that a non-toxic and non-invasive treatment for breast cancer could be developed. These hopes were stoked by the researchers, biotech companies, and analysts who worked to make sense of the uncertainties during product development. In Making Sense Sophie Mützel traces this emergence of'innovative breast cancer therapeutics'from the late 1980s up to 2010, through the lens of the narratives of the involved actors. Combining theories of economic and cultural sociology, Mützel shows how stories are integral for the emergence of new markets; stories of the future create a market of expectations prior to any existing products; stories also help to create categories on what such a new market and its products are about. Making Sense uses thousands of press statements, media reports, scientific reports, and financial and industry analyses, and combines qualitative and large-scale computational text analyses, to illustrate these mechanisms, presenting a fresh view of how life-prolonging innovations can be turned into market products.

This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the IX International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2020). The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure, network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; resilience and control as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and neuroscience networks and technological networks.

Presents mathematical models that continue to reveal essentials for understanding the relationships among the actors in the financial world: annuities, bonds, portfolio theory, and derivatives.

Water exploitation has increased notably in the world during the last 250 years since the onset of industrialisation. The relationships between economic processes and water use are complex and include many interwoven drivers such as: technological development, dietary choices and food production, climate change, demographic change, and policy reforms, among others. Ensuring food, water, and energy for the growing population remains a common global challenge. Taking on a multi- and inter-disciplinary viewpoint, Water Resources and Economic Processes offers an up-to-date collection of contributions from leading scholars and works to gather research on important aspects of relevant fields and methodologies, including: Historical and long-term overview of the relations between income growth, water use, and technological development;Water markets and collaborative actions'promise and threats in the fight against water stress;Impact of climate change on water productivity, including inter- and intra-annual variations;Urban reforms and surveys on the attitude of citizens towards private and public mitigation and preservation measures;Regional, national, and global comparative case-studies;International trade, migration, conf licts, and the globalisation of water;Methodological and empirical challenges of building future scenarios.This book is a key reference text for those studying water governance and management. It is suited to PhD students, national institutions, and NGO, as well as other professionals interested in understanding sustainable water use at the local, national, and international scales.

This open access book covers the use of data science, including advanced machine learning, big data analytics, Semantic Web technologies, natural language processing, social media analysis, time series analysis, among others, for applications in economics and finance. In addition, it shows some successful applications of advanced data science solutions used to extract new knowledge from data in order to improve economic forecasting models. The book starts with an introduction on the use of data science technologies in economics and finance and is followed by thirteen chapters showing success stories of the application of specific data science methodologies, touching on particular topics related to novel big data sources and technologies for economic analysis (e.g. social media and news); big data models leveraging on supervised/unsupervised (deep) machine learning; natural language processing to build economic and financial indicators; and forecasting and nowcasting of economic variables through time series analysis. This book is relevant to all stakeholders involved in digital and data-intensive research in economics and finance, helping them to understand the main opportunities and challenges, become familiar with the latest methodological findings, and learn how to use and evaluate the performances of novel tools and frameworks. It primarily targets data scientists and business analysts exploiting data science technologies, and it will also be a useful resource to research students in disciplines and courses related to these topics. Overall, readers will learn modern and effective data science solutions to create tangible innovations for economic and financial applications.

Das Handbuch erörtert umfassend das komplexe Gebiet der sozialwissenschaftlichen Innovationsforschung. Es ordnet die Innovationsforschung geschichtlich, begrifflich und vom Gegenstand her ein. Es präsentiert etablierte und sich neu herausbildende theoretische Ansätze der sozialwissenschaftlichen Innovationsforschung. Und es informiert über empirische Befunde und Entwicklungen aus einer Vielzahl von Bereichen und Feldern der Innovation.

L'impresa privata è considerata da tutti una forza innovativa, mentre lo Stato è bollato come una forza inerziale, troppo grosso e pesante per fungere da motore dinamico. Lo scopo del libro che avete tra le mani è smontare questo mito. Chi è l'imprenditore più audace, l'innovatore più prolifico? Chi finanzia la ricerca che produce le tecnologie più rivoluzionarie? Qual è il motore dinamico di settori come la green economy, le telecomunicazioni, le nanotecnologie, la farmaceutica? Lo Stato. È lo Stato, nelle economie più avanzate, a farsi carico del rischio d'investimento iniziale all'origine delle nuove tecnologie. È lo Stato, attraverso fondi decentralizzati, a finanziare ampiamente lo sviluppo di nuovi prodotti fino alla commercializzazione. E ancora: è lo Stato il creatore di tecnologie rivoluzionarie come quelle che rendono l'iPhone così'smart': internet, touch screen e gps. Ed è lo Stato a giocare il ruolo più importante nel finanziare la rivoluzione verde delle energie alternative. Ma se lo Stato è il maggior innovatore, perché allora tutti i profitti provenienti da un rischio collettivo finiscono ai privati? Per molti, lo Stato imprenditore è una contraddizione in termini. Per Mariana Mazzucato è una realtà e una condizione di prosperità futura.È arrivato il tempo di questo libro. Dani Rodrik, Harvard University Uno dei libri di economia più incisivi degli ultimi anni. Jeff Madrick,'New York Review of Books'L'economia tradizionale propone modelli astratti; la dottrina convenzionale continua a sostenere che la chiave è nell'imprenditoria privata. Mariana Mazzucato afferma invece che la prima è inutile e la seconda insufficiente. Un libro brillante. Martin Wolf,'Financial Times'Lo scopo, come dice Mariana Mazzucato, è che lo Stato e il settore privato assumano insieme i rischi della ricerca e godano insieme dei benefici. Teresa Tritch,'New York Times'Molti governi si interrogano su come incrementare la produttività e l'innovazione. Questo libro fornisce le linee guida per individuare le politiche industriali più efficaci. Robert Wade, London School of Economics Lo Stato innovatore dimostra punto per punto quanto pensare per convenzioni sia ottuso. Christopher Dickey,'Newsweek'Vai alla pagina del sito di Mariana Mazzucato dedicata al libro. Mariana Mazzucato parla del suo nuovo libro con Lilli Gruber e Francesco Giavazzi durante la trasmissione Otto e Mezzo Pubblico o privato: da dove vengono le grandi innovazioni? Presentazione del libro al Festival dell'Economia 2014 Intervista di Rai-Edu Economia Mariana Mazzucato ospite della puntata di Ballarò 16 settembre 2014

This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the IX International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2020). The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure, network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; resilience and control as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and neuroscience networks and technological networks.

This edited volume provides an essential resource for urban morphology, the study of urban forms and structures, offering a much-needed mathematical perspective. Experts on a variety of mathematical modeling techniques provide new insights into specific aspects of the field, such as street networks, sustainability, and urban growth. The chapters collected here make a clear case for the importance of tools and methods to understand, model, and simulate the formation and evolution of cities.The chapters cover a wide variety of topics in urban morphology, and are conveniently organized by their mathematical principles. The first part covers fractals and focuses on how self-similar structures sort themselves out through competition. This is followed by a section on cellular automata, and includes chapters exploring how they generate fractal forms. Networks are the focus of the third part, which includes street networks and other forms as well. Chapters that examine complexity and its relation to urban structures are in part four.The fifth part introduces a variety of other quantitative models that can be used to study urban morphology. In the book's final section, a series of multidisciplinary commentaries offers readers new ways of looking at the relationship between mathematics and urban forms.Being the first book on this topic, Mathematics of Urban Morphology will be an invaluable resource for applied mathematicians and anyone studying urban morphology. Additionally, anyone who is interested in cities from the angle of economics, sociology, architecture, or geography will also find it useful.'This book provides a useful perspective on the state of the art with respect to urban morphology in general and mathematics as tools and frames to disentangle the ideas that pervade arguments about form and function in particular. There is much to absorb in the pages that follow and thereare many pointers to ways in which these ideas can be linked to related theories of cities, urban design and urban policy analysis as well as new movements such as the role of computation in cities and the idea of the smart city. Much food for thought. Read on, digest, enjoy.'From the foreword by Michael Batty

The chapters in this book consist of selected papers that were presented at the 3rd International Conference and Poster Exhibition on Semiotics and Visual Communication at the Cyprus University of Technology in November 2017. They investigate the theme of the third conference, “The Semiotics of Branding”, and look at branding and brand design as endorsing a reputation and inhabiting a status of almost mythical proportion that has triumphed over the past few decades. Emerging from its forerunner (corporate identity) to incorporate advertising, consumer lifestyles and attitudes, image-rights, market-research, customisation, global expansion, sound and semiotics, and “the consumer-as-the-brand”, the word “branding” currently appears to be bigger than its own umbrella definition. From tribal markers, such as totems, scarifications and tattoos, to emblems of power, language, fashion, architectural space, insignias of communal groups, heraldic devices, religious and political symbols, national flags and the like, a form of branding is at work that responds to the need to determine the presence and interaction of specific groups, persons or institutions through shared codes of meaning.

In recent decades, the international economy has witnessed fundamental changes in the way manufacturing is organised: products are no longer manufactured in their entirety in a single location. Instead, the production process is often split across a number of stages located in countries that are frequently far apart from each other. By spreading out their manufacturing and supply chain activities globally through international investment and intra-firm trade, Multinational enterprises (MNEs) play a focal role in this reorganisation of production. Our ability to understand the global economy, therefore, requires an understanding of the interdependencies between the entities involved in such fragmented production. Traditional methods and statistical approaches are insufficient to address this challenge. Instead, an approach is required that allows us to account for these interdependencies. The most promising approach so far is network analysis. ‘Networks of International Trade and Investment'makes a case for the use of network analysis alongside existing techniques in order to investigate pressing issues in international business and economics. The authors put forward a range of well-informed studies that examine compelling topics such as the role of emerging economies in global trade and the evolution of world trade patterns. They look at how network analysis, as both an approach and a methodology, can explain international business and economics phenomena, in particular, in relation to international trade and investment. Providing a comprehensive but accessible explanation of the applications of network analysis and some of the most recent methodological advances in its field, this edited volume is an important contribution to research in international trade and investment.

This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory, together with a wealth of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the VII International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2018), which was held in Cambridge on December 11–13, 2018. The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure and network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; and resilience and control; as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and neuroscience networks; and technological networks.

This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory, together with a wealth of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the VII International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2018), which was held in Cambridge on December 11–13, 2018. The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure and network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; and resilience and control; as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and neuroscience networks; and technological networks.

Der Band verdeutlicht die großen ökonomische Chancen assistiver Technologien, analysiert bisherige Erfahrungen mit der Nutzereinbindung in der Technikentwicklung, und diskutiert auf dieser Grundlage Empfehlungen für die Entwicklung assistiver Technik. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Entwicklung neuer Technologien im Kontext des demographischen Wandels wie auch deren erfolgreiche Vermarktung nur gelingen kann, wenn auch sozialwissenschaftliche Befunde und Perspektiven Berücksichtigung finden: Die Technik muss Probleme des Alltags – der älteren Menschen selbst oder des Versorgungsalltags – aufgreifen, diesen Alltag in seinem Vollzug berücksichtigen und letztlich erleichtern oder verbessern.

L'economia tradizionale continua a proporci modelli astratti, il discorso pubblico continua a ripetere che la salvezza è negli imprenditori privati. In questo libro Mariana Mazzucato ci mostra come la prima soluzione sia ormai inutile e la seconda approssimativa. Martin Wolf,'Financial Times'Per molti, lo Stato imprenditore è una contraddizione in termini. Per Mariana Mazzucato è una realtà e una condizione di prosperità futura. È arrivato il tempo di questo libro. Dani Rodrik, Harvard University Questo libro dovete leggerlo. Sfiderà il vostro modo di pensare.'Forbes'Mariana Mazzucato dimostra che tutte le ultime rivoluzioni tecnologiche hanno avuto all'origine la ricerca pura finanziata dallo Stato: senza uno sforzo finanziato dai contribuenti la ricchezza dei big della Silicon Valley semplicemente non esisterebbe. Federico Rampini Chi è l'imprenditore più audace, l'innovatore più prolifico? Chi finanzia la ricerca che produce le tecnologie più rivoluzionarie? Lo Stato. Ma se lo Stato è il maggior innovatore, perché allora tutti i profitti provenienti da un rischio collettivo finiscono ai privati?

In a political climate that is skeptical of hard-to-measure outcomes, public funding for research universities is under threat. But if we scale back support for these institutions, we also cut off a key source of value creation in our economy and society. Research Universities and the Public Good offers a unique view of how universities work, what their purpose is, and why they are important. Countering recent arguments that we should'unbundle'or'disrupt'higher education, Jason Owen-Smith argues that research universities are valuable gems that deserve support. While they are complex and costly, their enduring value is threefold: they simultaneously act as sources of new knowledge, anchors for regional and national communities, and hubs that connect disparate parts of society. These distinctive features allow them, more than any other institution, to innovate in response to new problems and opportunities. Presenting numerous case studies that show how research universities play these three roles and why they matter, this book offers a fresh and stirring defense of the research university.

Providing a first tentative understanding of novelty and a set of implications for organizations to manage it, this book focuses on the potential offered by emergent novelty, namely novelty which is neither designed nor pursued. The author asks how organizations might increase their abilities and strategies to benefit from its early recognition. Such potential is broken down into positive terms and demonstrates how early recognition is beneficial both to organizations which aim to seize emergent innovations as well as those which aim to avoid emergent disasters. Understanding Novelty in Organizations aims to rethink the structure and strategies of organizations to gain a new balance between design and randomness in the generation of novelty. The varied perspectives presented in this work will engage scholars interested in novelty, innovation and creativity, and emergency management.

This paper studies the interconnectedness of the global financial system and its susceptibility to shocks. A novel multilayer network framework is applied to link debt and equity exposures across countries. Use of this approach—that examines simultaneously multiple channels of transmission and their important higher order effects—shows that ignoring the heterogeneity of financial exposures, and simply aggregating all claims, as often done in other studies, can underestimate the extent and effects of financial contagion.The structure of the global financial network has changed since the global financial crisis, impacted by European bank's deleveraging and higher corporate debt issuance. Still, we find that the structure of the system and contagion remain similar in that network is highly susceptible to shocks from central countries and those with large financial systems (e.g., the USA and the UK). While, individual European countries (excluding the UK) have relatively low impact on shock propagation, the network is highly susceptible to the shocks from the entire euro area. Another important development is the rising role of the Asian countries and the noticeable increase in network susceptibility to shocks from China and Hong Kong SAR economies.

This book deals with the interplay between identities, codes, stereotypes and politics governing the various constructions and deconstructions of gender in several Western and non-Western societies (Germany, Italy, Serbia, Romania, Cameroon, Indonesia, Vietnam, and others). Readers are invited to discover the realm of gender studies and to reflect upon the transformative potentialities of globalisation and interculturality.

This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the VI International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2017), which took place in Lyon on November 29 – December 1, 2017. The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure, network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; resilience and control as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and ecological networks and technological networks.

Econophysics and Financial Economics provides the first extensive analytic comparison between models and results from econophysics and financial economics in an accessible and common vocabulary. Jovanovic and Schinckus move beyond disciplinary frontiers to initiate the development of a common theoretical framework that makes sense for both traditionally trained financial economists and econophysicists. The major issues that limit and obstruct collaboration between the two fields are analyzed in detail. The book explains the theoretical and methodological foundations of these two fields in an accessible vocabulary providing the first extensive analytic comparison between models and results from both fields. By mixing conceptual, historical, theoretical and formal arguments and analysis, the book details the recent results in econophysics that bring it closer to financial economics. Beyond the clarifying the current situation of two camps, this book also proposes a generic model compatible with the two fields that in turn helps define minimal conditions for common models. It also identifies what remains to be done for econophysicists to contribute significantly to financial economics. Finally, this book provides a research agenda for a more fruitful collaboration between econophysicists and financial economists, creating new research opportunities. Econophysics and Financial Economics is an important step in creating a profitable dialogue between financial economists and econophysicists. It does so by identifying a common theoretical framework allowing the creation of more efficient models for the financial industry.

Economic growth has traditionally been attributed to the increase in national production arising from technological innovation. Using a panel of seventy-nine countries bridging the North-South divide, Patent Intensity and Economic Growth is an important empirical study on the uncertain relationship between patents and economic growth. It considers the impact of one-size-fits-all patent policies on developing countries and their innovation-based economic growth, including those policies originating from the World Intellectual Property Organization, the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization, as well as initiatives derived from the TRIPS Agreement and the Washington Consensus. This book argues against patent harmonization across countries and provides an analytical framework for country group coalitioning on policy at UN level. It will appeal to scholars and students of patent law, national and international policy makers, venture capitalist investors, and research and development managers, as well as researchers in intellectual property, innovation and economic growth.

This collection reflects on contemporary and contentious issues in international rulemaking in regards to pharmaceutical patent law. With chapters from both well-established and rising scholars, the collection contributes to the understanding of the regulatory framework governing pharmaceutical patents as an integrated discipline through the assessment of relevant laws, trends and policy options. Focusing on patent law and related pharmaceutical regulations, the collection addresses the pressing issues governments face in an attempt to resolve policy dilemmas involving competing interests, needs and objectives. The common theme running throughout the collection is the need for policy and law makers to think and act in a systemic manner and to be more reflective and responsive in finding new solutions within and outside the patent system to the long-standing problems as well as emerging challenges

One of the major shortcomings of the current drug discovery and development process is the inability to bridge the gap between early stage discoveries and pre-clinical research to advance innovations beyond the discovery phase. This book examines a novel drug discovery and development model where the respective expertise of academia and industry are brought together to take promising discoveries through to proof of concept as a way to de-risk the drug discovery and development process.Expert author Helen Yu explores integrated drug discovery by analyzing the intersection of intellectual property law and competition law and discusses the role of stakeholders in efficient translation and commercialization of publically funded research. Considering the transactional risks associated with drug discovery and development, this book advocates for a greater emphasis on contractual freedom and economic efficiency when assessing collaborative partnerships between industry and public research organizations. This standout book bridges the gap between theoretical research and legal practice by providing a research-based applied perspective on university-industry collaborations in drug discovery and development.Achieving Proof of Concept in Drug Discovery and Development has an international appeal, especially in countries actively involved in drug discovery and development, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany, Japan, India and China. Organizations and associations in the drug discovery and development field would likely be interested in reading a book that provides a research-based applied perspective as well.

The book examines the evolution of one of the most important technologies that has emerged in the last fifty years: biotechnology - the use of living organisms, or parts thereof to create useful products and services. The most important application of biotechnology has been in medicine, in the development of new drugs. The central purpose of the book is to explain how firms based in the US took the lead in commercialising the technology, and why it has been so difficult for firms in other countries to match what the leading American companies have achieved. The book looks at the institutions and policies which have underpinned US success in biotechnology. This is the US innovation'ecosystem,'and it is made up of several interlocking elements which constitute a powerful competitive advantage for US biotechnology firms. These include, a higher education system which has close links with industry, massive support from the Federal government for biomedical research, and a financial system which is well equipped to support young entrepreneurial firms in a science-based industry. In the light of US experience the book examines in detail the performance of UK biotechnology firms over the past forty years, starting with the creation of the UK's first dedicated biotech firm, Celltech, in 1980. The book shows how the UK made a promising start in the 1980s and 1990s but failed to build on it. Several leading firms failed, and after an initial burst of enthusiasm investors lost confidence in the British biotech sector. It is only the last few years that the sector has staged a revival, attracting fresh investment from the US as well from the UK. The story told in this book, based on extensive interviews with industry participants, investors, and policy makers in the UK, Continental Europe, and the US, sheds new light on one of the central issues facing governments in the advanced industrial countries - how to create and sustain new science-based industries.

This book provides new research on economic crises. Chapter One analyzes the relationships between economic downturns and marketing strategies, to provide a snapshot of all the marketing actions developed in a context of economic crisis, trying to give response to one relevant question: “Is the economic crisis changing marketing strategies?” Chapter Two evaluates the effect the 2008 crisis had on the Hungarian industry and on industrial enterprises and to show the strategies and crisis management methods that the industrial enterprises applied during the time of crisis. Chapter Three develops a new model of indicators, aimed to complete gross domestic product (GDP) as the main indicator of economic growth to achieve a better quality of life. Chapter Four discusses economic stress and fear of the financial crisis. Chapter Five reviews empirical research which investigates the impact of economic crises and recessions on suicide. Chapter Six examines the effects of the economic crisis on mental health in Spain. Chapter Seven examines the effects of the Austrian Health Fund Law in 2009 and explores the effects of the economic crisis of 2008 in vulnerable countries of Europe, such as Hungary, France, Italy, Spain and Portugal, in relation with countries sharing similar economic characteristics, but they have not experienced the effects of the economic crisis. Chapter Eight describes the relationships between economic and political crises which occurred repeatedly in Madagascar, and several socio-demographic and health parameters over the 1960-2010 period.

This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers and graduate students a unique opportunity to catch up on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the fifth International Workshop on Complex Networks & their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2016), which took place in Milan during the last week of November 2016. The carefully selected papers are divided into 11 sections reflecting the diversity and richness of research areas in the field. More specifically, the following topics are covered: Network models; Network measures; Community structure; Network dynamics; Diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; Resilience and control; Network visualization; Social and political networks; Networks in finance and economics; Biological and ecological networks; and Network analysis.

In recent years, Intellectual Property Rights - both in the form of patents and copyrights - have expanded in their coverage, the breadth and depth of protection, and the tightness of their enforcement. Moreover, for the first time in history, the IPR regime has become increasingly uniform at international level by means of the TRIPS agreement, irrespectively of the degrees of development of the various countries. This volume, first, addresses from different angles the effects of IPR on the processes of innovation and innovation diffusion in general, and with respect to developing countries in particular. Contrary to a widespread view, there is very little evidence that the rates of innovation increase with the tightness of IPR even in developed countries. Conversely, in many circumstances, tight IPR represents an obstacle to imitation and innovation diffusion in developing countries. What can policies do then? This is the second major theme of the book which offers several detailed discussions of possible policy measures even within the current TRIPS regime - including the exploitation of the waivers to IPR enforcement that it contains, various forms of development of'technological commons', and non-patent rewards to innovators, such as prizes. Some drawbacks of the regimes, however, are unavoidable: hence the advocacy in many contributions to the book of deep reforms of the system in both developed and developing countries, including the non-patentability of scientific discoveries, the reduction of the depth and breadth of IPR patents, and the variability of the degrees of IPR protection according to the levels of a country's development.

This proceedings set contains selected Computer, Information and Education Technology related papers from the 2014 International Conference on Computer, Intelligent Computing and Education Technology (CICET 2014), held March 27-28, 2014 in Hong Kong. The proceedings aims to provide a platform for researchers, engineers and academics as well as indu

Japan is suffering from a'device gap.'Compared to its American and European counterparts, Japan lags in adopting innovative medical devices and making new treatments and procedures available to its patients. Many blame its government and bureaucracy for Japan's delayed access to modern medicine and new medical devices. Christa Altenstetter examines the contextual social, historical, and political conditions of Japan's medical field to make sense of the state of the country's medical profession and its regulatory framework. She explores the development of regulatory frameworks and considers possibilities for eventual reform and modernization. More specifically, Altenstetter looks into how physicians and device companies connect to the government and bureaucracy, the relationships connecting Japanese patients to their medical system and governmental bureaucracy, and how the relationships between policymakers and the medical profession are changing. The issues addressed here are becoming increasingly relevant as numerous countries in Asia, Latin America, and Central and Eastern Europe are only now beginning to regulate medical technology, following the lead of the US and the European Union. Those interested in global medicine and Asian studies will find this book both informative and compelling.

In 2006, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals was a fast-growing biotechnology company. Its leadership team was divided over whether to keep R&D organized in functional departments or transition to interdisciplinary teams. As a small company, Merrimack's R&D organization had established a culture of collaboration across scientific disciplines that some worried would diminish with larger functional departments. Others were concerned that an interdisciplinary team-based design would be inefficient and difficult to manage. This case describes the two proposed organizational designs and presents the arguments within Merrimack's leadership team for and against each. It highlights the tradeoffs associated with each design as they relate to accountability, efficiency, innovation, product orientation, and people management at every stage in the R&D process. Students will explore the relationships between task complexity, collaboration, and organizational design in R&D.

This wide-ranging and accessible book serves as a fascinating guide to the strategies and concepts that help us understand the boundaries between physics, on the one hand, and sociology, economics, and biology on the other. From cooperation and criticality to flock dynamics and fractals, the author addresses many of the topics belonging to the broad theme of complexity. He chooses excellent examples (requiring no prior mathematical knowledge) to illuminate these ideas and their implications. The lively style and clear description of the relevant models will appeal both to novices and those with an existing knowledge of the field.

The traditional role of evolutionary theory in the social sciences has been to explain the existence of an object in terms of the survival of the fittest. In economics this approach has acted as a justification for hypotheses such as profit maximisation, or the existence of institutions in terms of their overall efficiency. This volume challenges that view and argues that one of the first tasks of economic theory should be to explain the enormous diversity of institutional arrangements that has characterised human societies.

Although brand-name pharmaceutical companies routinely procure patents on their innovative medications, such rights are not self-enforcing. Brand-name firms that wish to enforce their patents against generic competitors must therefore commence litigation in the federal courts. Such litigation ordinarily terminates in either a judgment of infringement, which typically blocks generic competition until such time as the patent expires, or a judgment that the patent is invalid or not infringed, which typically opens the market to generic entry. This book introduces and analyzes innovation and competition policy issues associated with pharmaceutical patent litigation settlements. It begins with a review of pharmaceutical patent litigation procedures under the Hatch-Waxman Act, then introduces the concept of reverse payment settlements, and analyzes the status of reverse payment settlements under antitrust laws, and discusses congressional issues and possible alternatives.