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• Explores more than 400 species of lichens, alongside full-color photos• Shows the ways that indigenous peoples of North America have traditionally used lichens for food, clothing, dye, paint, and medicine• Explains in detail the scientific research behind the potency of lichen chemicals to heal many human conditionsLichens—a symbiosis of fungi, algae, bacteria, and yeast—can grow on nearly any surface and thrive in an extremely wide range of environments, including on the International Space Station. Used for millennia by Indigenous people, lichens are now being recognized by modern science for their unique medicinal potential, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, viruses, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.In Medicinal Lichens, Robert Dale Rogers explores more than 400 species of North American lichens, including full-color photographic examples. He explains how lichens are members of the Fungi kingdom and, surprisingly, more biologically related to humans than to plants. He looks at what types of lichens we can find in geographic regions and habitats and shows how lichens are an indicator species, revealing the health of the environment and neighboring life forms, including that of humans. Rogers also explores each lichen chemical's healing properties, showing how pharmacological researchers are rediscovering the ancient wisdom of lichens long known by Indigenous peoples.Showcasing the benefits as well as the beauty of lichens, this book demonstrates how lichens are the perfect example of strength, cooperation, and harmonious living—Indigenous wisdom with the power to inform our modern way of life.

The gold standard in gastrointestinal pathology textbooks returns More than 34 million Americans suffer from pathologies of the digestive system, with over 20 million of these disorders chronic. Treatment of these patients is a complex multidisciplinary area of clinical medicine, drawing upon expertise not only from specialist gastroenterologists but also pathologists, immunologists, endoscopists, and more. Morson & Dawson's Gastrointestinal Pathology has long set the standard for pathology textbooks, with its distinctive balance of clinical gastroenterology and pathology. Now fully updated to reflect the latest research in this vital field of medicine, it promises to bring this subject to a new generation of clinicians and pathologists worldwide. Readers of the sixth edition of Morson and Dawson's Gastrointestinal Pathology will also find: Contemporary recommendations and guidelines for getting the most out of every pathology specimen and producing the best possible report for managing the patientDiscussions of the evolving applications of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisationA completely new chapter on lymphoid and other tumours of the large intestine Morson & Dawson's Gastrointestinal Pathology is ideal for gastrointestinal pathologists, general pathologists, gastroenterologists, and any clinicians who work with or in gastrointestinal practice.

This book embarks on an enlightening journey through the molecular landscape of collagen mimic peptides, shedding light on their significance and potential. In the intricate realm of biomolecules, collagen's preeminence as the most abundant protein in the human body, forming the foundational scaffolding of tissues and organs, renders it a subject of profound scientific interest. It explores diverse facets related to collagen mimic peptides, spanning aspects such as bioinformatic analysis, synthetic strategies, pathological collagen targeting, and the construction of homotrimeric, heterotrimeric and self-assembled peptide models. Furthermore, it provides an exhaustive investigation into biophysical techniques, encompassing Circular Dichroism (CD), X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy, thereby empowering researchers to unravel the structural intricacies of these peptides. The book unravels the profound implications of collagen mimic peptides across a spectrum of scientific domains, including protein science, biomaterials, bioanalysis, and beyond. Its accessibility and insights cater not only to seasoned researchers but also to undergraduate and graduate students eager to delve into the complexities of this fundamental protein.

This atlas is the first reference covering exclusively all aspects of sciatic pain. It is designed to serve as a brief and easy-to-comprehend review of the knowledge of spinal sciatica, with emphasis on classification, epidemiology, clinical presentations, neuroimaging, and treatment options. Sections on extraspinal sciatica and differential diagnosis of this multifaceted topic are also included. This atlas delivers more information in less space than traditional texts, allowing for a quick review of the essential facts of this clinical entity through plentiful images and tables. Pertinent imaging is combined with intraoperative photographs and hand-drawn illustrations to help readers visualize variable presentations and enhance their management. The comprehensive content of this richly-illustrated book covers different etiologies of sciatic pain seen in spinal, neurosurgical, neurologic, rheumatologic and emergency practices, divided into five thematic sections. After general considerations about sciatica and their differential diagnosis, the second section focuses on lumbosacral discogenic sciatica. The third section includes spinal non-discogenic sciatica. The fourth section focuses on extraspinal intrapelvic sciatica, and the fifth provides a description of the most important etiologies of extraspinal extrapelvic sciatica. Comprehensive and unique, Atlas of Sciatica is an excellent pictorial resource for neurosurgeons, spinal surgeons, neurologists, rheumatologists, and many other clinicians worldwide. It is a “one of a kind” book that stands head and shoulders above any other book on this subject (from the foreword of Professor Edward C. Benzel, MD, Founder of the World Spinal Column Society).

A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica que acomete os pulmões, muitas vezes associada a um processo de remodelamento com obstrução das vias aéreas e comprometimento da ventilação pulmonar. Até o momento, não há tratamento capaz de reverter ou minimizar tais alterações estruturais, sendo necessária a busca por novas estratégias terapêuticas. A terapia gênica surge como uma alternativa promissora para o tratamento de doenças respiratórias, pois o pulmão é um órgão de fácil acesso. O fator derivado do epitélio pigmentado (PEDF) possui atividades antiangiogênicas, anti-inflamatórias e antifibróticas e seria promissor para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias que acometem os pulmões. Portanto, a terapia gênica com AAV8-hPEDF e PEG-PBAE-hPEDF é promissora para o tratamento da asma alérgica, fornecendo meios de reverter o remodelamento da asma e, potencialmente, outras doenças pulmonares que cursem com inflamação e fibrose.

The Routledge Handbook of Urban Logistics offers a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of the discipline of urban and city logistics. The COVID-19 pandemic and the rise in internet shopping in particular have placed new demands on urban logistics which require innovative technological and policy responses. Similarly, the necessity for sustainable urban logistics offers both a challenge and opportunity for development and seeks to address traffic congestion, local air quality, traffic-related degradation, the use of energy, safety aspects and noise. Featuring contributions from world-leading, international scholars, the chapters examine concepts, issues and ideas across five topic areas that reflect the increasingly diverse nature of current research and thinking in urban logistics: transport modes, urban logistics sectors, technical analysis, policy, and sustainability. Each chapter provides an overview of current knowledge, identifies issues and discusses the relevant debates in urban logistics and the future research agenda. This handbook offers a single repository on the current state of knowledge, written from a practical perspective, utilising theory that is applied and developed using real-work examples. It is an essential reference for researchers, academics and students working in all areas of urban logistics, from policy and planning to technology and sustainability, in addition to industry practitioners looking to develop their professional knowledge.

Pancreatic Cancer: Basic Mechanisms and Therapies, Volume 159 in the Advances in Cancer Research, presents the latest release in this ongoing, well-regarded serial with invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Greater than 90% PCs are Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) which have a dismal estimated 5-year overall survival of only 11%. PDAC is predicted to become the second leading cause of mortality in the United States by 2030. In the clinic, the PDAC patients often present with incurable disease at the time of first diagnosis. This cancer is particularly lethal because of its propensity to spread quickly to distant organs including the lymphatic system. PDAC metastasis occurs shortly after tumor initiation and is caused by a complex interaction between autonomous tumor cells and cellular elements of the tumor microenvironment. Although PDAC remains a challenging disease to treat and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, progress is being made in disease etiology and pathogenesis, and intensive research is focused on developing optimal treatment approaches for patients. Considering the continuous progress being made in understanding PDAC pathogenesis and designing new therapies, it was considered timely to develop an up-to-date thematic issue of Advances in Cancer Research (ACR) focused on PDAC. In this thematic issue, we have included ten review articles by experts that cover cancer disparities, PDAC pathobiology, the roles of the tumor microenvironment, tumor heterogeneity, PC stem cells, genetic and signaling events critical for PDAC pathogenesis, Immunotherapy and chemoresistance in PDAC, and different PDAC mouse models. This special issue highlights recent research progress in PDAC, which bridges the gap between basic and clinical research. - The recent overview of Racial Disparities in Pancreatic Cancer Clinical Trials; Overview the evolution of in vivo models for PDAC - Up-to-date discussion of diverse genetic and molecular signaling changes in PDAC; Role of tumor heterogeneity in therapy resistance in PDAC; Chemoresistance in PDAC and how to overcome this challenge; Current and emerging approaches and strategies for advancing targeted therapy and immunotherapy for PDAC - New insights into the role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment (TME) and interactions of TME with cancer stem cells in PDAC pathogenesis, progression and therapeutic resistance

Biochemistry of Collagens, Laminins, and Elastin: Structure, Function and Biomarkers, Third Edition provides current data on key structural proteins (collagens, laminins, and elastin), reviews on how these molecules affect pathologies, and information on how selected modifications of these proteins can result in altered signaling properties of the original extracellular matrix (ECM). Further, it discusses the novel concept that an increasing number of components of the extracellular matrix harbor cryptic signaling functions with ties to endocrine function, and how this knowledge may be used to modulate various pathologies, including fibrotic disease. This new edition has been expanded and revised to incorporate recent research advances. Several new chapters explore a range of chronic diseases in which the ECM and collagens, laminin and elastin are central players in disease modulation, including new chapters on lung, skin and intestinal disease, as well as cancers. The new edition also considers emerging analytical technologies that can detect biomarkers of ECM degradation, with discussion of protein quantification and detecting aging of collagens. - Provides an updated, comprehensive discussion of collagen and related structural proteins - Contains insights into biochemical interactions and changes to structural composition of proteins in disease states - Proves the importance of proteins for collagen assembly, function and durability - Examines details on how collagens play a key role in a range of chronic diseases - Offers approaches for protein quantification and detection of collagen aging

This book reviews the knowledge, methods and available techniques in the rapidly advancing field of virus based vaccines and gene therapeutics. It also highlights new innovative tools and interdisciplinary techniques for bioprocess development and analytics of viruses and viral vectors. As such, it provides a timely and highly relevant resource, since current advances in pharmaceutical research have seen the rise of vaccines and advanced therapeutics and medicinal products (ATMPs), that rely on the power of viruses. However, developing bioprocesses and analytics required to create this often called “magic bullet” (i.e. gene therapy) remains an extremely challenging and costly task. This book offers strategies for overcoming hurdles and difficulties within in all the necessary steps of viral vector development - from scalability to purification methods and quality control. The book is intended for researchers working in academia or industry, as well as graduate students pursuing a career in virology.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of low-energy ion–solid interaction from basic principles to advanced applications in materials science. It features a balanced and insightful approach to the fundamentals of the low-energy ion–solid surface interaction, focusing on relevant topics such as interaction potentials, kinetics of binary collisions, ion range, radiation damages, and sputtering. Additionally, the book incorporates key updates reflecting the latest relevant results of modern research on topics such as topography evolution and thin-film deposition under ion bombardment, ion beam figuring and smoothing, generation of nanostructures, and ion beam-controlled glancing angle deposition. Filling a gap of almost 20 years of relevant research activity, this book offers a wealth of information and up-to-date results for graduate students, academic researchers, and industrial scientists working in these areas.

This first book on high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is intended for students and biologists who want to use HS-AFM in their research. It provides straightforward explanations of the principle and techniques of AFM and HS-AFM. Numerous examples of HS-AFM studies on proteins demonstrate how to apply this new form of microscopy to specific biological problems. Several precautions for successful imaging and the preparation of cantilever tips and substrate surfaces will greatly benefit first-time users of HS-AFM. In turn, the instrumentation techniques detailed in Chapter 4 can be skipped, but will be useful for engineers and scientists who want to develop the next generation of high-speed scanning probe microscopes for biology.The book is intended to facilitate the first-time use of this new technique, and to inspire students and researchers to tackle their own specific biological problems by directly observing dynamic events occurring in the nanoscopic world. Microscopy in biology has recently entered a new era with the advent of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). Unlike optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and conventional slow AFM, it allows us to directly observe biological molecules in physiological environments. Molecular “movies” created using HS-AFM can directly reveal how molecules behave and operate, without the need for subsequent complex analyses and roundabout interpretations. It also allows us to directly monitor morphological change in live cells, and dynamic molecular events occurring on the surfaces of living bacteria and intracellular organelles. As HS-AFM instruments were recently commercialized, in the near future HS-AFM is expected to become a common tool in biology, and will enhance and accelerate our understanding of biological phenomena.

The Pharmacology of Taste is comprised of contributions by leading scientists from the field of chemosensory research, presented all together in the context of pharmacological principles of receptor function. The chapters cover all levels of scientific inquiry, from molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying taste signaling to its manifestation in overt behavior. The overarching objective of this volume is to inspire the application of concepts and methods of pharmacology to the study of the chemosenses.

Extremophiles are organisms that are able to live in extreme conditions due to their unique physiological and genetic adaptations. Extremophiles are harnessed for their extremozymes that have wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and industry. Recent developments in genomics and proteomics have helped unravel the mechanism of survival, physiological adaptation, and genomics structure of extremophiles. Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles covers innovative developments in understanding the physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles using the -omics perspective, focuses on the advancement in mechanisms of the extremophiles that makes them able to survive under extreme conditions, and discusses the applications of extremophiles in astrobiology. Covering topics such as genomics and the history and identification of extremophiles, it is ideal for students, professors, researchers, academicians, microbiologists, agricultural scientists, and biotechnologists.

This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results on glycobiology of innate immunology. Innate immunity is the crucial part of the immunological defense system that exerts their distinct functions through binding to certain functional glycoproteins. They play a role in various human diseases and also function against microbial invaders and self-associated molecular patterns. Co-regulated expression of glycan-binding is associated with many biological components such as cellular oncotransformation, phenotype change, neuronal or embryonic development, regulation of cell division, cell–cell interaction, cell attachment, adhesion, and motility, and intracellular signaling via protein–carbohydrate or carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions.This book opens by providing the key background on glycans in innate immunity and its mechanisms behind the Dendritic cell interactions during infection and inflammation are examined in depth, and the concluding chapteris devoted to signaling tumor immunotherapy. Up-to-date information is then presented on all aspects of glycan structure-recognizing signaling. The book should assist in the further development of new strategies against emerging infectious agents and intractable diseases.

Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry IV provides a first point of entry for scientists interested in heterocyclic ring systems. Given the rapid expansion of publications in this field, this compilation of definitive reviews is especially important and invaluable. Written by leading scientists who have evaluated and summarized the most important data published over the last decade, this book is an invaluable addition to the reference library of anyone working with heterocyclic ring systems. Spanning 14 volumes, over 13,000 pages, and 240 chapters, this new edition builds on, and complements, the material in previous editions. This comprehensive resource is designed to be used both as a standalone resource and in conjunction with earlier works. Comprehensive – CHEC IV offers a comprehensive review of current heterocycles research and critical insight into the future direction of the field with an emphasis on useful and reliable synthesis and reactions, negating the need for individual searches in the primary literature and across various databases Reputation – This 4th edition matches the impressive reputation of the previous editions as the go-to foundational reference in heterocyclic chemistry Clearly structured - Meticulously organized, articles are split into 14 sections on key topics and clearly cross-referenced to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Interdisciplinary - chapters written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions ensures that the knowledge within is easily understood by and applicable to a large audience

Proteins are exposed to various interfacial stresses during drug product development. They are subjected to air-liquid, liquid-solid, and, sometimes, liquid-liquid interfaces throughout the development cycle-from manufacturing of drug substances to storage and drug delivery. Unlike small molecule drugs, proteins are typically unstable at interfaces where, on adsorption, they often denature and form aggregates, resulting in loss of efficacy and potential immunogenicity. This book covers both the fundamental aspects of proteins at interfaces and the quantification of interfacial behaviors of proteins. Importantly, this book introduces the industrial aspects of protein instabilities at interfaces, including the processes that introduce new interfaces, evaluation of interfacial instabilities, and mitigation strategies. The audience that this book targets encompasses scientists in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry, as well as faculty and students from academia in thesurface science, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemistry areas.

This is a comprehensive textbook addressing the unique aspects of drug development for ophthalmic use. Beginning with a perspective on anatomy and physiology of the eye, the book provides a critical appraisal of principles that underlie ocular drug product development. The coverage encompasses topical and intraocular formulations, small molecules and biologics (including protein and gene therapies), conventional formulations (including solutions, suspensions, and emulsions), novel formulations (including nanoparticles, microparticles, and hydrogels), devices, and specialty products. Critical elements such as pharmacokinetics, influence of formulation technologies and ingredients, as well as impact of disease conditions on products development are addressed. Products intended for both the front and the back of the eye are discussed with an eye towards future advances.

Metal and Nonmetal Assisted Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles provides a useful guide to key approaches being explored in this area. The volume highlights synthetic approaches and catalytic options that facilitate the construction of multiple substituted molecules under mild conditions from easily available starting substrates. Drawing on the experience of its expert author, the book is a useful guide on the key approaches being explored in this area. Following a user-friendly structure based on specific six-membered heterocycle ring groups, this volume highlights synthetic approaches and catalytic options that facilitate the construction of multiple substituted molecules under mild conditions from easily available starting substrates. - Highlights new methodologies for the synthesis of different six-membered heterocycles - Provides an up-to-date overview of this fast-moving field with an easy-to-use structure - Includes novel approaches used in the study and application of catalysts in synthetic organic reactions

The biotechnology/biopharmaceutical sector has tremendously grown which led to the invention of engineered antibodies such as Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Bispecific T-cell engager (BITES), Dual Variable Domain (DVD) antibodies, and fusion proteins that are currently being used as therapeutic agents for immunology, oncology and other disease conditions. Regulatory agencies have raised the bar for the development and manufacture of antibody-based products, expecting to see the use of Quality by Design (QbD) elements demonstrating an in-depth understanding of product and process based on sound science. Drug delivery systems have become an increasingly important part of the therapy and most biopharmaceuticals for self-administration are being marketed as combination products. A survey of the market indicates that there is a strong need for a new book that will provide “one stop shopping” for the latest information and knowledge of the scientific and engineering advances madeover the last few years in the area of biopharmaceutical product development. The new book entitled Development of Biopharmaceutical Drug Device Products is a reference text for scientists and engineers in the biopharmaceutical industry, academia or regulatory agencies. With insightful chapters from experts in the field, this new book reviews first principles, covers recent technological advancements and provides case studies and regulatory strategies relating to the development and manufacture of antibody-based products. It covers topics such as the importance of early preformulation studies during drug discovery to influence molecular selection for development, formulation strategies for new modalities, and the analytical techniques used to characterize them. It also addresses important considerations for later stage development such as the development of robust formulations and processes, including process engineering and modeling of manufacturing unit operations, the design of analytical comparability studies, and characterization of primary containers (pre-filled syringes and vials).Finally, the latter half of the book reviews key considerations to ensure the development and approval of a patient-centered delivery system design. This involves the evolving regulatory framework with perspectives from both the US and EU industry experts, the role of international standards, design control/risk management, human factors and its importance in the product development and regulatory approval process, as well as review of the risk-based approach to bridging between devices used in clinical trials and the to-be-marketed device. Finally, case studies are provided throughout.The typical readership would have biology and/or engineering degrees and would include researchers, scientific leaders, industry specialists and technology developers working in the biopharmaceutical field.

In 1942, the Canadian government forced more than 21,000 Japanese Canadians from their homes in British Columbia. They were told to bring only one suitcase each and officials vowed to protect the rest. Instead, Japanese Canadians were dispossessed, all their belongings either stolen or sold. The definitive statement of a major national research partnership, Landscapes of Injustice reinterprets the internment of Japanese Canadians by focusing on the deliberate and permanent destruction of home through the act of dispossession. All forms of property were taken. Families lost heirlooms and everyday possessions. They lost decades of investment and labour. They lost opportunities, neighbourhoods, and communities; they lost retirements, livelihoods, and educations. When Japanese Canadians were finally released from internment in 1949, they had no homes to return to. Asking why and how these events came to pass and charting Japanese Canadians'diverse responses, this book details the implications and legacies of injustice perpetrated under the cover of national security. In Landscapes of Injustice the diverse descendants of dispossession work together to understand what happened. They find that dispossession is not a chapter that closes or a period that neatly ends. It leaves enduring legacies of benefit and harm, shame and silence, and resilience and activism.

Cellular signaling and phosphoproteomics examines various aspects of cellular signaling including an extensive overview ofadvances in mass spectrometry based strategies to study receptortyrosine kinases and Phosphoproteome discovery in human biologicalfluids. It includes Understanding cell signaling in cancerstem cells for targeted therapy, Role of Protein Phosphorylationin the Regulation of Cell Cycle and DNA-Related Processes inBacteria, Mass Spectrometry Offers Insight into the Role of Ser/Thr/Tyr Phosphorylationin the Mycobacteria, Computational phosphoproteomics. Provides the reader withinsights into the development of its history, so as to understand the Impact of ProteinPhosphorylation on Chlamydial Physiology, Phosphotyrosine profiling of curcumin-inducedsignaling and Deep Phosphoproteomic Measurements Pinpointing Drug InducedProtective Mechanisms in Neuronal Cells.

Theranostic Approach for Pancreatic Cancer modulates the biologic properties of stroma in pancreatic cancer by targeting the several chemotherapy resistance mechanisms to impede their malignant property through introducing new strategies and drugs for tackling the disease. It brings information about ongoing research as well as clinical data about pancreatic cancer and provides detailed descriptions about diagnostic and therapeutic options for easy understanding. The book discusses several topics related to pancreatic cancer, such as stem cells, drug resistance and pancreatic tumor microenvironment, the latest developments in chemotherapy for metastatic cancer and chemoprevention, and epigenome as a therapeutic strategy. Additionally, it encompasses a discussion on theranostic clinical applications for personalized treatment and management of pancreatic cancer. The book is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, and several members of the biomedical field who need to understand more about the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. - Provides information on the roadblocks of chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed and metastatic pancreatic cancer - Discusses treatment options available currently and prospective options for the future - Focuses especially on stroma, tumor microenvironment, stem cells, stellate cells, transcription factors, growth factors, and important signaling pathways as already tested types of treatment

This book reviews recent knowledge of the role of stem cells in the gastrointestinal system. It covers extensive topics for each organ, including the pancreas, esophagus, liver, and colon, while also discussing the contributions of stem cells to therapeutic approaches toward gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Digestive System Diseases: Stem Cell Mechanisms and Therapies deepens a reader's theoretical expertise in gastrointestinal stem cell biology. It furthers scientists'understanding of gastrointestinal stem cells and, most importantly, the development of novel therapeutic targets. Graduate and postdoctoral students, medical doctors (including gastroenterologists and surgeons), and principal investigators in both academia and industry will benefit from this book. In particular, it is a valuable resource for professionals within the fields of gastrointestinal research, pharmaceutical science, molecular biology, regenerative medicine, and genetics.

Encyclopedia of Gastroenterology, Second Edition, Four Volume Set provides a comprehensive and concise reference on all aspects of gastroenterology and hepatology, including the organs in the gastrointestinal system, their functions in health and disease, and strategies or procedures to resolve or prevent problems and disease. This concise, up-to-date information includes comprehensive sections on the impact of nutrition, gastrointestinal microbiota, lifestyle, commonly used drugs, and surgical procedures on health and disease. Since the first edition, attention to the roles of nutrition and gastrointestinal microorganisms (microbiota, formerly Microbiota) in health and disease has skyrocketed. In addition, an entirely new section on obesity and diabetes is included. Presents comprehensive coverage of every topic within gastroenterology Offers researchers a one-stop, fully-referenced resource to explore questions Includes teaching tools, multimedia and interactive elements Provides readers with multi-layered content and a media-rich learning resource for both instructors and students Covers hot new topics in GI health and disease, including new sections on stem cells, intestinal bacteria, obesity and intestinal microbiota

This book represents an up-dated summary of the state of the art of the characterization of cancer stem cell/ cancer initiating cell (CSC/CIC) properties. An overview of the definition and biological properties of CSCs/CICs as well as the role of these cells in determining the resistance to standard and immune-based therapies is provided. It also discusses limitations in the achievement of a definitive biological characterization of CSCs/CICs due to their high extent of plasticity and heterogeneity that is also mutually driven by the interaction of these cells with the tumor microenvironment. The limitations in targeting CSCs/CICs with immunotherapy are also explained together with explorative combination approaches that could increase the susceptibility of these cells to the recognition by immune cells. This book is conceived for a broad audience, including students, teachers, scientific experts. The critical revision of available results in terms of immunological profile of CSCs/CICs and the efficacy in targeting these cells by immunological approaches, results in a comprehensive and up to date recapitulation of the field and provides interesting suggestions on how to focus future investigations in order to assess the role of CSCs/CICs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers of responsiveness to therapies for cancer patients.

Treatment of patients with intracranial gliomas, especially high-grade neoplasms, usually requires postoperative adjuvant therapy. Significant progress in the understanding of tumor biology, technological advances in irradiation delivery, and development of novel antitumor drugs have led to an expansion of the therapeutic arsenal in neuro-oncology. This publication provides a unique review of the various options for adjuvant therapy. Special emphasis is on current evidence-based treatment standards and guidelines, and on perspectives of further improvement in long-term outcomes. Chapters review the histopathological and molecular features of gliomas and describe basic principles and clinical results of fractionated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, brachytherapy, use of radiosensitizers, systemic chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy. Particular attention is paid to treatment of pediatric patients and to physical and psychological rehabilitation and supportive care at the end of life. This book and its accompanying volumes are mainly directed at neuro-oncologists, radiation oncologists, and other clinicians treating patients with brain tumors.

Handbook of Brain Tumor Chemotherapy, Molecular Therapeutics, and Immunotherapy, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular methodologies in the neuro-oncology field. There have been profound changes in the landscape of approaches to brain tumor therapy since the first edition—mainly in the areas of molecular biology and molecular therapeutics, as well as in the maturation of immunotherapy approaches (e.g., vaccines). This updated edition has a new, primary focus on multidisciplinary molecular methods, and is broadened to include the latest cutting-edge molecular biology, therapeutics, immunobiology and immunotherapy approaches. As the first comprehensive book to address the molecular research into these concepts, users will find it to be an invaluable resource on the topics discussed. - Provides the most up-to-date information regarding conventional forms of cytotoxic chemotherapy, as well as the basic science and clinical application of molecular therapeutics for the treatment of brain tumors - Broadly appeals to anyone interested in neuro-oncology and the treatment of brain tumors - Features updated chapters on molecular biology, molecular therapeutics, maturation of immunotherapy approaches, and a focus on multidisciplinary molecular methods - Includes a new section on the basic science of immunology, as well as thorough updates on the use of vaccine technology and immunotherapy for the treatment of brain tumors

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Sixth Edition, a Two-Volume set, covers the study of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of the GI Tract by linking clinical disease and disorder, thus bridging the gap between clinical and laboratory medicine while also covering breakthroughs in gastroenterology, such as the brain-gut axis and microbiome. Additionally, information is provided at the organism level, including animal models of gastrointestinal disorders and therapeutic possibilities. The book covers a wide range of conditions, from food allergies, constipation, chronic liver disease and IBS, also exploring emerging techniques to diagnose and normalize functions of the GI tract. As a highly referenced book, this is a useful resource for gastroenterologists, physiologists, internists, professional researchers and instructors teaching courses for clinical and research students. - Discusses the multiple processes governing gastrointestinal function - Presents new information on the brain-gut axis and microbiome - Edited by preeminent scientists in the field - Includes coverage of issues, such as food allergies, constipation, chronic liver disease, IBS, Crohn's disease, and more

Scott-Brown's Otorhinolaryngology is used the world over as the definitive reference for trainee ENT surgeons, audiologists and trainee head and neck surgeons, as well as specialists who need detailed, reliable and authoritative information on all aspects of ear, nose and throat disease and treatment. Key points: accompanied by a fully searchable electronic edition, making it more accessible, containing the same content as the print edition, with operative videos and references linked to Medline highly illustrated in colour throughout to aid understanding updated by an international team of editors and contributors evidence-based guidelines will help you in your clinical practice features include key points, best clinical practice guidelines, details of the search strategies used to prepare the material and suggestions for future research new Endocrine section.Scott-Brown will provide trainee surgeons (ENT and Head and Neck), audiologists and ENT physicians with quick access to relevant information about clinical conditions, and provide them with a starting point for further research. The accompanying electronic edition, enhanced with operative videos, will enable both easy reference and accessibility on the move.

This second volume in the Scott-Brown Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 8e three volume work is available either as in individual volume covering the sub specialties of Paediatrics, The Ear, and Skull Base Surgery, or as part of the classic three volume set.With over 100 chapters and numerous illustrations, this specialist volume contains authoritative and cutting edge information from some of the world's outstanding clinicians. It will be a constant companion through the specialty training years and beyond.

This book introduces recent progress in biological energetics from ATP hydrolysis to molecular machineries. The role of water is now recognized to be essential in biological molecular energetics. Although energetics is a rather distant field to many biologists, any working models for protein machineries such as protein motors, transporters, and other enzymes must be consistent with their energetics. Therefore, the book is intended to help scientists build systematic models of biomolecular functions based on three categories: (1) ATP hydrolysis reactions including ionic hydration and protonation–deprotonation of biomolecules, (2) protein–ligand/protein–protein interactions including hydration–dehydration processes, and (3) functioning mechanisms of protein machineries based on water functions.

Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents is a book series intended for pharmaceutical scientists, postgraduate students and researchers seeking updated and critical information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in anti-cancer research. Reviews in each volume are written by experts in medical oncology and clinical trials research and compile the latest information available on special topics of interest to oncology researchers. The fourth volume of the book brings forth reviews on biomarkers and new drugs used for treating gastrointestinal cancer and breast cancer. The volume also covers the topics of adjuvant therapy, cancer nanodrugs and the role of adiponectin and dicycloplatin in cancer therapy.

Many pathologists and some clinicians notice in practical services that several biliary tract diseases resemble pathologically — and even biologically — some pancreatic diseases. In this book, the authors provide the anatomic and biological basis and characteristics for the occurrence of similar features in several diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas, and also the reasons why they propose the new disease concept known as “biliary diseases with pancreatic counterparts”. This book provides a comprehensive overview of several representative “biliary diseases with pancreatic counterparts”, from basic understanding to practical aspects, and presents the latest advances. The contributing authors extensively discuss the topic from different perspectives, including diseases such as IgG4-related diseases involving the pancreas and biliary tract, intraductal papillary neoplasm and intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm of the bile duct and pancreas, invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and biliary tract and their precursor lesions, and alcoholic pancreatitis and adenitis of the peribiliary glands, and so on. Biliary Diseases with Pancreatic Counterparts: A New Disease Concept is a valuable resource for clinicians in various disciplines, such as internal medicine, surgery, pathology and radiology. It allows biliary researchers and practitioners to broaden their understanding of the subject, and further explore the latest findings in clinicopathological features of these biliary tract and pancreatic diseases.

This book provides detailed information on the nosology, pathology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of fibro-inflammatory disorders, rare diseases that often display systemic organ involvement. Among the conditions considered are IgG4-related disease, sclerosing cholangitis, Hashimoto's and Riedel's thyroiditis, retroperitoneal fibrosis/chronic periaortitis, mediastinal fibrosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, gadolinium-induced fibrosis, and sclerosing mesenteritis. This group of entities is still poorly defined and is characterized by the common denominator of chronic inflammatory infiltrate admixed with abundant fibrosis. IgG4-related disease is the prototypical example. Systemic Fibroinflammatory Disorders is the first book to draw together information on these conditions. As these diseases often require an interdisciplinary approach, the book is addressed to specialists of different disciplines, especially internists, rheumatologists, nephrologists, clinical immunologists, and hematologists.

Gastrointestinal cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of cancer all around the globe. Gastrointestinal cancer is the cancer of different organs of the digestive system including the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The common cause of gastrointestinal cancer may be microbial infection, smoking, alcohol consumption, high fat food, age, race, genetic pattern and geographical location. Gastrointestinal cancer accounts more than 20 percent of all newly diagnosed cancer cases in United States, where gastric cancer is the fourth-most-common type of cancer and the second-highest cause of cancer deaths. Pancreatic cancer is also a very lethal cancer and its symptoms appear when the cancer is in advanced stage. Other gastrointestinal cancers including Liver (hepatic), gallbladder, and colorectal cancer have received considerable attention due to the rising incidence in last few decades. Some other gastrointestinal cancers are not very common and usually associated with cancer of respective organs such as esophageal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct cancer, carcinoid tumor, pancreatic islet cell cancer, and duodenal cancer. This book provides a summary of various gastrointestinal cancer history, present and future. In this book, numerous international experts of gastrointestinal cancer have involved, where authors have provided a complete view of the most common and widely used diagnostic methods, and also explaining the unusual techniques and the most innovative complementary methods not yet used in clinical practice. Contributors have also described the latest findings and the various clinical manifestations related to gastrointestinal cancer prevention and treatment. It covers numerous discoveries and inventions in the field of gastrointestinal cancer detection, and analysis.

This book covers the combined subjects of organic electronic and optoelectronic materials/devices. It is designed for classroom instruction at the senior college level. Highlighting emerging organic and polymeric optoelectronic materials and devices, it presents the fundamentals, principle mechanisms, representative examples, and key data.

This edited volume discusses the complexity of tumor microenvironments during cancer development, progression and treatment. Each chapter presents a different mathematical model designed to investigate the interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma and stromal cells. The topics covered in this book include the quantitative image analysis of a tumor microenvironment, the microenvironmental barriers in oxygen and drug delivery to tumors, the development of tumor microenvironmental niches and sanctuaries, intravenous transport of the circulating tumor cells, the role of the tumor microenvironment in chemotherapeutic interventions, the interactions between tumor cells, the extracellular matrix, the interstitial fluid, and the immune and stromal cells. Mathematical models discussed here embrace both continuous and agent-based approaches, as well as mathematical frameworks of solid mechanics, fluid dynamics and optimal control theory. The topics in each chapter will be ofinterest to a biological community wishing to apply the mathematical methods to interpret their experimental data, and to a biomathematical audience interested in exploring how mathematical models can be used to address complex questions in cancer biology.

Cancer Stem Cells: Targeting the Roots of Cancer, Seeds of Metastasis, and Sources of Therapy Resistance introduces the basic concepts and advanced understanding of cancer stem cells, covering general overviews, organ-specific identifications, and their characteristic mechanisms. The book also explores innovative therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical trials to target cancer stem cells, remove the roots of cancer, eliminate the seeds of metastasis, overcome the resistance of therapies, and contribute to the eradication of cancer. The book includes contributions from leading, worldwide experts in the field, helping readers embrace new hope in their quest to eradicate cancer with emerging clinical trials on treating cancer stem cells in combination with other therapies. - Provides an authoritative and complete overview of cancer stem cells - Includes comprehensive coverage of current therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells - Deepens a reader's technical expertise in cancer stem cell biology

Mathematics and Science education have both grown in fertile directions in different geographic regions. Yet, the mainstream discourse in international handbooks does not lend voice to developments in cognition, curriculum, teacher development, assessment, policy and implementation of mathematics and science in many countries. Paradoxically, in spite of advances in information technology and the “flat earth” syndrome, old distinctions and biases between different groups of researcher's persist. In addition limited accessibility to conferences and journals also contribute to this problem. The International Sourcebooks in Mathematics and Science Education focus on under-represented regions of the world and provides a platform for researchers to showcase their research and development in areas within mathematics and science education. The First Sourcebook on Asian Research in Mathematics Education: China, Korea, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia and India provides the first synthesized treatment of mathematics education that has both developed and is now prominently emerging in the Asian and South Asian world. The book is organized in sections coordinated by leaders in mathematics education in these countries and editorial teams for each country affiliated with them. The purpose of unique sourcebook is to both consolidate and survey the established body of research in these countries with findings that have influenced ongoing research agendas and informed practices in Europe, North America (and other countries) in addition to serving as a platform to showcase existing research that has shaped teacher education, curricula and policy in these Asian countries. The book will serve as a standard reference for mathematics education researchers, policy makers, practitioners and students both in and outside Asia, and complement the Nordic and NCTM perspectives.

Principles of Stem Cell Biology and Cancer: Future Applications and Therapeutics Tarik Regad, The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, UK, Thomas J. Sayers, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, USA and Robert Rees The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, UK The field of cancer stem cells is expanding rapidly, with many groups focusing on isolating and identifying cancer stem cell populations. Although some progress has been made developing efficient cancer therapies, targeting cancer stem cells remains one of the important challenges facing the growing stem cell research community. Principles of Stem Cell Biology and Cancer brings together original contributions from international experts in the field to present the very latest information linking stem cell biology and cancer. Divided into two parts, the book begins with a detailed introduction to stem cell biology with a focus on the characterization of these cells, progress that has been made in their identification, as well as future therapeutic applications of stem cells. The second part focuses on cancer stem cells and their role in cancer development, progression and chemo-resistance. This section of the book includes an overview of recent progress concerning therapies targeting cancer stem cells. Features: An authoritative introduction to the link between stem cell biology and cancer. Includes contributions from leading international experts in the field. Well-illustrated with full colour figures throughout. This book will prove an invaluable resource for basic and applied researchers and clinicians working on the development of new cancer treatments and therapies, providing a timely publication of high quality reviews outlining the current progress and exciting future possibilities for stem cell research.

Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are presented on a variety of topics. - Provides information on cancer research - Outstanding and original reviews - Suitable for researchers and students

An important resource for the synthesis of intermediates of specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. Aromatic Hydroxyketones from Butanone to Dotriacontanone provides the reader with exhaustive information covering structure, preparation, physicochemical characteristics, as well as a related bibliography. The handbook is presented in dictionary style, with a logical classification of the ketones, making the information easily available for consultation. The book is aimed at those working in research, development and production applications in various industries (chemistry, pharmacy, cosmetics, paints and perfumes).

This volume includes the information necessary to understand recent critical advances in the mechanisms of intestinal tumorigenesis and to comprehend the complexity of the process. The volume aims to entice new researchers to participate in relevant studies, and to provide a forum for discussion within the scientific community to shape future research in this field. Discoveries in intestinal tumorigenesis lead to further understanding of mechanisms involved in colon cancer. Additionally, advancements in techniques and methods open the doors for new approaches to better define the molecular and organismal mechanisms of intestinal tumorigenesis. Chapters are authored by widely published authorities in the field.Each year, there are close to 150,000 new cases of colorectal cancer, which results in approximately 50,000 deaths per year in the United States; these figures render colorectal cancer a significant health concern. Studies attempting to understand the mechanisms of development and progression of colorectal cancer have been ongoing for decades and each year brings new discoveries yielding a better comprehension of the underlying processes at work.

Clinical Otology, Fourth Edition, is a detailed, contemporary review of diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients with otologic and related disorders. It addresses basic science, the clinical application of therapeutics in otology, and current research, and is designed to help physicians make the best decisions in managing the care of their patients.Key Features:New chapters on molecular genetic diagnostics, contemporary management of external and internal hearing devices, and vestibular and audiologic neuro diagnostics More than 150 high-quality, color illustrations clarify key concepts presented in the text Covers the current clinical application of genetics and contemporary testing for hearing loss All otolaryngologists -- head and neck surgeons, audiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and residents seeking to optimize patient care should have this up-to-date reference in their medical library.

​This book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of autoimmune pancreatitis, a unique form of pancreatitis characterized clinically by frequent presentation with obstructive jaundice and dramatic response to steroids, histologically by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with fibrosis, and radiologically by pancreatic enlargement. Current concepts regarding the disease and its classification into subtypes 1 and 2 are explained, and clinical, serological, and histopathological findings are carefully described. Imaging features on all the relevant modalities are illustrated, covering both the pancreas and other involved organs. Current and emerging therapeutic strategies, including steroids, immunomodulatory drugs, and rituximab, are then discussed. The reader will find the book to be an excellent aid to the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis and its differentiation from pancreatobiliary malignancies, as well as a clear guide to treatment.

Gleaning information from more than 100 experts in the field of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy worldwide, Cancer Biomarkers: Non-Invasive Early Diagnosis and Prognosis determines the significance of clinical validation approaches for several markers. This book examines the use of noninvasive or minimally invasive molecular cancer m

The unique properties and functionalities of chalcogenide glasses make them promising materials for photonic applications. Chalcogenide glasses are transparent from the visible to the near infrared region and can be moulded into lenses or drawn into fibres. They have useful commercial applications as components for lenses for infrared cameras, and chalcogenide glass fibres and optical components are used in waveguides for use with lasers, for optical switching, chemical and temperature sensing and phase change memories. Chalcogenide glasses comprehensively reviews the latest technological advances in this field and the industrial applications of the technology.Part one outlines the preparation methods and properties of chalcogenide glasses, including the thermal properties, structure, and optical properties, before going on to discuss mean coordination and topological constraints in chalcogenide network glasses, and the photo-induced phenomena in chalcogenide glasses. This section also covers the ionic conductivity and physical aging of chalcogenide glasses, deposition techniques for chalcogenide thin films, and transparent chalcogenide glass-ceramics. Part two explores the applications of chalcogenide glasses. Topics discussed include rare-earth-doped chalcogenide glass for lasers and amplifiers, the applications of chalcogenide glasses for infrared sensing, microstructured optical fibres for infrared applications, and chalcogenide glass waveguide devices for all-optical signal processing. This section also discusses the control of light on the nanoscale with chalcogenide thin films, chalcogenide glass resists for lithography, and chalcogenide for phase change optical and electrical memories. The book concludes with an overview of chalcogenide glasses as electrolytes for batteries.Chalcogenide glasses comprehensively reviews the latest technological advances and applications of chalcogenide glasses, and is an essential text for academics, materials scientists and electrical engineers working in the photonics and optoelectronics industry. - Outlines preparation methods and properties, and explores applications of chalcogenide glasses. - Covers the ionic conductivity and physical aging of chalcogenide glasses, deposition techniques for chalcogenide thin films, and transparent chalcogenide glass-ceramics - Discusses the control of light on the nanoscale with chalcogenide thin films, chalcogenide glass resists for lithography, and chalcogenide for phase change optical and electrical memories

A thorough and understandable guide to the properties and design of structural composites. It derives from the author's many years of experience of research, industrial development and teaching.

With the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1982 by Binnig and Rohrer and the subsequent award of the Nobel Prize, the field of scan­ ning microscopy was given a strong boost in view of its wide range of ap­ plications. In particular, expanding the capability to access nature's foundations at the atomic level is now recognized as having the potential for major impact in Infonnation Technology. This third volume of the ESPRIT Basic Research Series provides a well structured overview of the state of the art of scanning microscopy and re­ cent advances including results of ESPRIT Basic Research Actions 3109 and 3314. April 1992 G. Metakides Preface The IMO Symposium Fall'90, Wetzlar, FRO, October 1/2, 1990, brought together leading scientists and researchers in scanning microscopy from re­ search institutes and industries, each of whom was invited to contribute a lecture which was followed by a discussion. The resulting contributions are contained in this proceedings. Microscopic techniques are used not only for research work in material and life science but also for routine applications in almost any vital section of our everyday life. The demand for coming to a better understanding of materials and their behaviour under different conditions and environments as well as all aspects of human life initiated an ongoing development for improved microscopic techniques.