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The aim of this book is to serve as an introductory text to the theory of linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers, with a special emphasis on a large variety of its applications. We wish to help students and researchers to learn what is hidden inside the blackbox ‚Baker's theory of linear forms in logarithms'(in complex or in $p$-adic logarithms) and how this theory applies to many Diophantine problems, including the e ffective resolution of Diophantine equations, the $abc$-conjecture, and upper bounds for the irrationality measure of some real numbers. Written for a broad audience, this accessible and self-contained book can be used for graduate courses (some 30 exercises are supplied). Specialists will appreciate the inclusion of over 30 open problems and the rich bibliography of over 450 references.

The most comprehensive account of the mathematician's life and workJohn Napier (1550–1617) is celebrated today as the man who invented logarithms—an enormous intellectual achievement that would soon lead to the development of their mechanical equivalent in the slide rule: the two would serve humanity as the principal means of calculation until the mid-1970s. Yet, despite Napier's pioneering efforts, his life and work have not attracted detailed modern scrutiny. John Napier is the first contemporary biography to take an in-depth look at the multiple facets of Napier's story: his privileged position as the eighth Laird of Merchiston and the son of influential Scottish landowners; his reputation as a magician who dabbled in alchemy; his interest in agriculture; his involvement with a notorious outlaw; his staunch anti-Catholic beliefs; his interactions with such peers as Henry Briggs, Johannes Kepler, and Tycho Brahe; and, most notably, his estimable mathematical legacy.Julian Havil explores Napier's original development of logarithms, the motivations for his approach, and the reasons behind certain adjustments to them. Napier's inventive mathematical ideas also include formulas for solving spherical triangles,'Napier's Bones'(a more basic but extremely popular alternative device for calculation), and the use of decimal notation for fractions and binary arithmetic. Havil also considers Napier's study of the Book of Revelation, which led to his prediction of the Apocalypse in his first book, A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John—the work for which Napier believed he would be most remembered.John Napier assesses one man's life and the lasting influence of his advancements on the mathematical sciences and beyond.

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Logarithm Chapter 2 - Complex Logarithm and Logarithmic Scale Chapter 3 - Natural Logarithm and Common Logarithm Chapter 4 - Baker's Theorem and Binary Logarithm Chapter 5 - E(mathematical Constant) and Log–Normal Distribution Chapter 6 - Exponentiation Chapter 7 - Exponential Function Chapter 8 - Exponential Decay and Exponential Growth Chapter 9 - Exponential Map and Matrix Exponential Chapter 10 - Exponential Family and Characterizations of the Exponential Function

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Logarithm Chapter 2 - Complex Logarithm and Logarithmic Scale Chapter 3 - Natural Logarithm and Common Logarithm Chapter 4 - Baker's Theorem and Binary Logarithm Chapter 5 - E(mathematical Constant) and Log-Normal Distribution Chapter 6 - Logarithmic Derivative, Differentiation & Spiral Chapter 7 - Polylogarithm

Here is a complete self-teaching guide for anyone needing knowledge of math as it applies to engineering and technical fields.

In 1970, Phillip Griffiths envisioned that points at infinity could be added to the classifying space D of polarized Hodge structures. In this book, Kazuya Kato and Sampei Usui realize this dream by creating a logarithmic Hodge theory. They use the logarithmic structures begun by Fontaine-Illusie to revive nilpotent orbits as a logarithmic Hodge structure. The book focuses on two principal topics. First, Kato and Usui construct the fine moduli space of polarized logarithmic Hodge structures with additional structures. Even for a Hermitian symmetric domain D, the present theory is a refinement of the toroidal compactifications by Mumford et al. For general D, fine moduli spaces may have slits caused by Griffiths transversality at the boundary and be no longer locally compact. Second, Kato and Usui construct eight enlargements of D and describe their relations by a fundamental diagram, where four of these enlargements live in the Hodge theoretic area and the other four live in the algebra-group theoretic area. These two areas are connected by a continuous map given by the SL(2)-orbit theorem of Cattani-Kaplan-Schmid. This diagram is used for the construction in the first topic.

There is now much interplay between studies on logarithmic forms and deep aspects of arithmetic algebraic geometry. New light has been shed, for instance, on the famous conjectures of Tate and Shafarevich relating to abelian varieties and the associated celebrated discoveries of Faltings establishing the Mordell conjecture. This book gives an account of the theory of linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers with special emphasis on the important developments of the past twenty-five years. The first part covers basic material in transcendental number theory but with a modern perspective. The remainder assumes some background in Lie algebras and group varieties, and covers, in some instances for the first time in book form, several advanced topics. The final chapter summarises other aspects of Diophantine geometry including hypergeometric theory and the André-Oort conjecture. A comprehensive bibliography rounds off this definitive survey of effective methods in Diophantine geometry.

Title from eBook title screen (viewed on June 29, 2005).

Title from eBook title screen (viewed on June 7, 2005).

Ten-Decimal Tables of the Logarithms of Complex Numbers and for the Transformation from Cartesian to Polar Coordinates contains Tables of mathematical functions up to ten-decimal value. These tables are compiled in the Department for Approximate Computations of the Institute of Exact Mechanics and Computational Methods of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences. The computations are carried out by this department in conjunction with the Computational-Experimental Laboratory of the Institute. This book will be of value to mathematicians and researchers.

THE PRESENT six-figure trigonometric tables complete the series of tables of the natural values of the trigonometric functions published by Fizmatgiz. Now that small computers have become very widely available, almost all computations are carried out by machine, and the majority of computational schemes arc suited to this purpose. The situation calls urgently for the availability of tables containing the natural values of all six trigonometric functions. The following special factor emerges here. In logarithmic computations the same relative accuracy is guaranteed more or less automatically for all values of the argument: the number of correct significant figures in the result is either equal to or (in rare cases) one less than, the number of significant figures in the mantissa of the logarithm. In computations with natural values of the functions the same relative accuracy is guaranteed in practice for all arguments only by having a constant nmber of significant figures throughout the tables. Until recently however, tables of the natural values of the trigonometric functions have been compiled both in Russia and abroad with the same number of places after the decimal point, which leads to a loss of accuracy when computing with functions of small angles. In view of this there is an urgent need for tables of the natural values of the trigonometric functions with a constant number of significant figures which substantially guarantees roughly the- same relative accuracy for all angles. The present tables, together with the following, already published by Fizmatgiz: Fil'e-figure Tables (L. S. Khrenov~ 1954), Five-.figure Tables l~,ith the Argument in Time (L. S. Khrenov, 1954), Seven-figure Tables(L. S. Khrenov, 1956) and Six-figure Tables with the Argunlent in Time (S. A. Angelov, 1957), form a complete series ~ith the same number of significant figures, satisfying the main requirements of a wide variety of computers. When compiling the present tables, use was made for purposes of collation of the following tables of the natural values of the trigonometric functions: The I)-figure Table..'of H. Andoyer, (Paris, 1915-1918), the Eight-figure Table of J. Peters (Berlin) J939), the Seven-figure Table of °L.S. Khrenov (2nd. ed., Gostekhizdat, 1956), the Seven-figure Table of H. C. Ives, and the Eight-figure Tables oj'the Logarith,l1.ft of NumberaV and oJ the Trigonometric functions of J. Bauschin.e;er and J. Peters (Geodezizdat, 1942 and 1944).

The Inverse and Ill-Posed Problems Series is a series of monographs publishing postgraduate level information on inverse and ill-posed problems for an international readership of professional scientists and researchers. The series aims to publish works which involve both theory and applications in, e.g., physics, medicine, geophysics, acoustics, electrodynamics, tomography, and ecology.

To celebrate the 270th anniversary of the De Gruyter publishing house, the company is providing permanent open access to 270 selected treasures from the De Gruyter Book Archive. Titles will be made available to anyone, anywhere at any time that might be interested. The DGBA project seeks to digitize the entire backlist of titles published since 1749 to ensure that future generations have digital access to the high-quality primary sources that De Gruyter has published over the centuries.