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The Kidney Book provides a multidisciplinary practical guide to the diagnosis and management of common kidney conditions, procedures and situations that are encountered by physicians, residents and other healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with kidney diseases. The chapters provide point-by-point, concise and evidence-based information with tables, algorithms, and figures to summarise important clinical practices and therapeutic procedures in the daily care of patients with kidney diseases and transplants. Thence, readers will find this book easy to read and be able to quickly equip themselves with core and practically useful knowledge. This book is written by nephrologists and allied health professionals from Singapore's oldest and largest academic renal unit at the Singapore General Hospital, which has been ranked among the top 10 hospitals in the world by Newsweek.This book provides practical guidelines and information and differentiate itself from other nephrology themed books by its origin from Asia which would especially appeal to healthcare providers in the Asian region. There are very few textbooks in nephrology from Asia. In addition, it covers the most common problems and areas encountered by healthcare providers involved in the care of patients with kidney diseases in a point-by-point form which is easily digestible and extremely relevant to bedside clinical practice. The book even includes a special care section dealing with special situations and procedures such as kidney supportive care, pregnancy and therapeutic plasma exchange. This book will appeal to a wide audience and even medical/nursing or allied health students will find the book useful in their studies.

Comprehensive and case-based, Pediatric Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders provides a state-of-the-art overview of this complex field in a concise, authoritative format perfect for self-study or review. Real-life patient cases reflect those that are frequently encountered in clinical decision making. These narrative case studies offer a unique opportunity for readers to determine how best to diagnose, treat, and manage their patients based on the history of present illness, review of symptoms, relevant history, and physical examination findings. Includes over 200 cases frequently seen by medical students, residents, practicing physicians, and other health care provides during routine daily clinical practice. Presents cases in a consistent template including succinct summary of patient's history, signs and symptoms, examination, and initial diagnosis/treatment plan. Follows each case with questions and answers that provide a detailed discussion on each topic, with further cross-references and direction where appropriate. An ideal resource for students, residents, and fellows rotating on nephrology subspecialty services, as well as for practicing physicians who need quick access to current scientific and clinical information on managing fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in children.

Biomedical Engineering Modeling of Pancreatic, Respiratory, and Renal Regulatory Systems, and their Medical Assessments addresses the need for biomedical engineering to provide physiological analysis of organ systems and their medical applications to help enable quantitative formulation of physiological systems and defining their functions and dysfunctions, leading to precision diagnostics of diabetes, lung diseases, and kidney failure, often in the form of non-dimensional indices. The book chapters also deal with treatment systems, namely automated insulin infusion systems, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis. The book is formulated to solve many physiological, bioengineering, and medical problems. Covers foundational concepts of the emerging fields of quantitative physiology and computational medicine, developing the biomedical engineering modeling of three important organ systems: pancreas, lungs, and kidneys Provides readers with detailed understanding of novel biomedical engineering strategies in key areas, such as pancreatic system engineering, glucose-insulin regulatory system engineering, pulmonary system engineering, and renal system engineering Provides in-depth technical coverage of computational modeling techniques and applied mathematics for these important physiological systems, including differential equations and the associated MATLAB datasets for all applied diagnostic and treatment examples

Patients with kidney disease often find it difficult to understand and undertake the lifestyle changes that will help them stay as healthy as possible. This book offers patients information and guidance on how to stay healthy with kidney disease in a clear, comprehensive, and encouraging way. The first section explains the basics of the disease and how it interacts with other common health issues, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and aging. The second section breaks down the changes a patient can make to their exercise, treatment, and diet to maximize their kidney function, including helpful tips and healthy recipes. Written by top nephrologists with experience writing for non-specialists, this easy-to-read guide will help kidney disease patients and caregivers manage the illness and keep patients healthy.​

Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus, also known as uremic pruritus and in this book called ‘kidney itch', is defined as itching suffered by people with chronic kidney disease who have no other condition to explain it. Repeated scratching causes trauma, bleeding and, eventually, scarring of the skin. Kidney itch can also have far-reaching effects on quality of life, with patients'work and social life commonly affected. Even though kidney itch is common, it often goes undiagnosed, and when recognized, it is often inadequately treated or not treated at all.'Fast Facts: Kidney Itch'describes the problem of kidney itch in detail, documents its impact on people's lives, reviews the current understanding of its pathophysiology, and then sets out an evidence-based approach to its assessment and management. Table of Contents: • Clinical features • Causes • How common is kidney itch and who is most at risk? • The wider impact • Approach to management

This new edition provides readers with a practice-based approach to all aspects of clinical nephrology. Extensively updated, it offers invaluable practical advice on how to manage specific illnesses and, uniquely, the importance of establishing systems and processes to improve patient safety, enhance the patient pathway and guidance on how to systematically improve clinical governance. A unique feature of this book are the tips and tricks and, suggestions for avoiding common errors based on the vast experience of the authors. In addition, the Editor has collated a list of links to international registries and guidelines as well as selected disease specific organisations, providing both clinicians and patients with access to helpful and recommended resources. Designed and written in a user-friendly fashion, Primer in Nephrology continues to be the definitive reference for practising nephrologists, trainees and non-nephrologist who encounter renal patients in their daily practice.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem, affecting nearly one in seven adults in the United States alone. It is a disease that integrates chronic illness at several levels, and the progressive condition is associated with high rates of co-morbidity. This text provides a comprehensive, current state-of-the art review of this field, serving as a valuable resource for primary care providers and non-nephrology clinicians that treat patients with CKD. It is comprised of 24 chapters focused on specific aspects of the disease. The first 2 chapters provide a bit of background on the disease, describing the anatomy and physiology of the kidney as well as the definition and epidemiology of the disease. The following 3 chapters discuss the detection, prevention and progression of the disease. The next 6 chapters describe the relationship of the disease with other conditions and most common co-morbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. The chapters, that follow focus on the CKD associated complications and the CKD within special populations such as the elderly and minorities as well as dietary restrictions and drug dosing. The book concludes with discussion on preparation for renal replacement therapy and preemptive organ transplantation as an alternative to dialysis in the management of the advanced CKD. Written by experts in the field, Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease is a comprehensive guide for clinicians, especially primary care providers including residents and fellows in training, who take care of chronic kidney disease patients. It is also a useful tool for researchers dealing with this challenging field.

Written in a succinct question and answer format, this comprehensive book is a resource on all areas of nephrology and common clinical scenarios. The updated volume covers the basic physiology of fluids, electrolytes and acid-base problems, renal disorders and management, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and other essential subjects. The nearly 1000 detailed questions and answers prepare readers for nephrology and internal medicine boards and provide a better understanding of nephrology as a whole. This new edition of Absolute Nephrology Review features the latest evidence and guidelines needed by nephrology fellows, practicing nephrologists, and clinicians.

This book presents contributions from leading international experts in the field of nephrology. Each chapter is independent and discusses nephrology in the author's country, including the history of nephrology development, kidney disease epidemiology, clinical nephrology, dialysis practice in acute and chronic renal failure settings (hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, peritoneal dialysis), pediatric nephrology, and kidney transplantation. In addition, the book covers topics such as the job market for nephrologists, reimbursement, nephrology education, and the number of professionals in the private and public sectors. With 53 chapters and more than 300 authors from all continents offering a unique perspective on nephrology practice, it provides a much-needed information source for nephrologists around the globe. The reader will be able to travel through “Nephrology Worldwide”, a pleasant reading experience with not only relevant information and updated data, but also acomprehensive look at the history, countries'peculiarities, and a critical analysis of the scenario of nephrology and renal replacement therapy. A valuable resource for healthcare professionals and other stakeholders interested in learning about the status quo of Nephrology Worldwide. “Both the failings and the successes are outlined in a way that should make this book a compelling read, not just for the well-informed renal physician, but also for planners and policy makers whose thinking and actions are integral to the way we practice medicine.” - Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, Nephrologist and 2019 Nobel Prize WinnerMore information on the Nephrology Worldwide initiative can be found at www.nephrologyworldwide.com.

In this era of evidence-based medicine, one of the biggest challenges confronting clinicians is keeping abreast with often rapidly changing recommendations that guide clinical practice. This new edition of The Oxford Desk Reference in Nephrology is designed to overcome this problem. The editors have produced a comprehensive summary of nephrology which focuses on aspects of renal disease that are important to the clinician and have brought together the key recommendations found in current evidence-based guidelines and presented them in a uniform and accessible format. It has been designed and written so that locating information is both quick and simple, and the layout of the chapters allows the reader to identify and assimilate information rapidly. Fully updated, with new chapters covering developments in nephrological practice, in particular a section on Covid 19 and the kidneys, this Desk Reference is an important addition to the armamentarium for nephrology trainees, and consultants as well as trainees in general medicine.

THE MOST UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ON TREATING KIDNEY STONESLiving with Kidney Stones is a health resource for anyone who has ever suffered with the pain of kidney stones.One in 10 individuals will suffer from kidney stones at some point in their life. Composed of hard, painful mineral deposits forming inside the kidneys, these stones are both crippling and potentially chronic. Thankfully, patients can take action to reduce their chances of developing or redeveloping kidney stones by following a good diet, observing proper self-care, and adopting a comprehensive wellness plan.To that end, Living with Kidney Stones offers the most up-to-date information on this illness, paired with heartfelt insight from an actual kidney stone sufferer.Living with Kidney Stones also includes:• Easy-to-understand information on types and causes of kidney stones• The latest information on kidney stone testing• Traditional and alternative options for a broad, full-body approach to wellness• Guidance on self-care techniques for patients, families and caregivers• Valuable medical and community resources for kidney stone sufferersLearning to manage your risk factors for kidney stones can seem overwhelming, but by taking everything one day at a time and making sure you're provided with the care and support you need, you can minimize your risk while maximizing your quality of life. Don't just live with kidney stones—live well.

Regarded as the “go-to” book for those seeking certification and recertification in nephrology with the American Board of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension Board Review prepares you for success on the nephrology board exam. The fully updated second edition proportionally covers all topics listed in the blueprint for the exam, using a concise outline format, numerous illustrations, and many new features that promote high-yield studying and effective retention of complex material. Board-type questions in every chapter provide ample opportunity to practice and help you identify areas for further study.

This book is a wide-ranging guide to current and emerging applications of ultrasonography within nephrology that aims to provide readers with a sound understanding of the rationale for the use of ultrasound techniques in various disease settings, for example, complications following renal transplantation, arteriovenous fistulas, renal artery stenosis, nonstenotic renal artery pathology, renal vein pathology, aortic disease, and acute renal failure. Particular emphasis is placed on newer applications, such as those involving elastosonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, and color Doppler imaging. There is no doubt that ultrasound techniques can improve the standard of care in nephrology, from vascular access planning to management of uremic complications. Nevertheless, many nephrologists continue to delegate the performance of ultrasonography to radiologists or other colleagues, which is especially regrettable given the advent of affordable, portable ultrasound scanners.This book will be of value for all clinicians interested in the role of ultrasound techniques in nephrology and will be especially useful for nephrologists seeking to incorporate ultrasonography into their practice.

This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of interventional nephrology. Similar to the previous edition, this text describes a direct approach to clinical problems encountered by the community of care providers who treat chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. Practical scenarios faced on a day-to-day basis are presented by experts in the field, utilizing the latest scientific information. The book also features updated therapeutic guidelines and fully revised and new chapters.Written by the foremost authorities in the field, Interventional Nephrology: Principles and Practice, Second Edition is a must-have resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat and manage patients with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis access problems.

This unique book provides an introduction to the fascinating field of tropical nephrology, covering nephrology, infectious diseases and tropical medicine. These topics are connected since numerous infectious and parasitic diseases affect the kidneys and are endemic in the tropical areas of the globe. Considered neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization, they are largely linked to poverty and lack policies to prevent, treat and decrease their prevalence and incidence. The tropics currently encompass nearly 150 countries and account for 40% of the world's population, and it is predicted that by 2050 this figure will rise to 55%. Most of the countries in the tropical regions have been classified by the World Bank as low-middle income countries and have limited access to services, including health care. As such, this highly topical book is of interest to a large number of healthcare professionals and researchers who are in contact with tropical diseases, especially those investigating their complications, such as kidney injury. Divided into 23 chapters, it describes the most prevalent tropical diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys. It also presents the most recent epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, details of kidney involvement, including the pathophysiology of kidney injury, and the current treatment for each disease.

Lecture Notes: Nephrology is a concise introduction to the fundamental principles of nephrology. An ideal study guide for medical trainees, this accessible resource combines the depth of a textbook with the accessibility of a handbook. Succinct chapters describe the clinical implications of renal physiology, examine major renal disorders and diseases, and explain a wide range of management and treatment options. A new addition to the popular Lecture Notes series, this handbook provides trainees in nephrology with core subject knowledge and enables medical students to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this complex specialty. Offers clear, easy-to-understand coverage of all relevant nephrology topics Includes MCQs and discussion around the answers, ideal for those preparing for written Internal Medicine examinations, including the certification examination of the American Board of Internal Medicine, the UK-based MRCP and the Australia and New Zealand-based FRACP examinations Features chapter summaries and numerous infographics, tables and figures Emphasises core management skills needed by medical students and junior doctors Is presented in the consistent and well-recognised Lecture Notes format

This book is the first title that focuses exclusively on kidney disease and its impact in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. The increasing prevalence of vascular risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension coupled with increased longevity has resulted in a worldwide epidemic of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Never has the impact of one organ system on the other been so profound, as in the current context of cardio-renal interactions. The cross talk between the heart and kidneys is highly relevant in the field of interventional cardiology, given the increasing number of trans-catheter procedures being performed in patients with underlying kidney disease. These procedures also have a significant impact on kidney function and require thoughtful interdisciplinary planning by a cardiorenal team, to achieve optimal outcomes This book assembles the collective expertise of several international leaders in the field of interventional cardiology and nephrology to summarize this complex interface. The book is divided into seven sections to comprehensively cover the topic, including sections on best practices with reduction of contrast associated acute kidney injury, cutting edge techniques to minimize kidney risk with complex interventions, impact of transcatheter valvular procedures on kidney function and the utility of cardio-nephrology teams. Less recognized complications with high morbidity such as athero-embolic renal disease are featured prominently, to increase awareness in the interventional cardiology and nephrology communities. This book is a valuable resource for interventional and structural cardiologists, general cardiologists and nephrologists dealing with the significant overlap areas between these two specialties. It is also relevant to medical students, trainee physicians in nephrology and cardiology, advanced care practitioners and nursing personnel in both specialties. Given the major impact of kidney function on outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac procedures, this textbook serves as a focal point to integrate relevant clinical data from both specialties and help interventional cardiologists achieve optimal outcomes, especially in patients with (or at risk for) kidney disease.

This book covers all key aspects of critical care in pediatric nephrology, including acute dialysis in sick children. It also provides detailed protocols for managing fluid and electrolyte balance and dialysis in children in intensive care. In addition, this quick guide discusses innovations in pediatric renal replacement therapy technologies, such as plasma exchange, CARPEDIEM, NIDUS and aquadex. This is a go-to book for intensivists, physicians and trainees working in pediatric intensive care units.

This book provides clinicians with clear guidance on treatment decision-making in patients with rare kidney cancers. After a brief review on epidemiology, pathology, and biology, each chapter focuses on the multidisciplinary management of a particular tumor subtype using the full range of available cancer therapy modalities, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Emerging therapies and future directions in the management of each cancer subtype are also discussed. The chapters are all written by multidisciplinary teams of international experts comprising at least a urologist, a medical oncologist, and a pathologist. Rare kidney cancers represent 15% of renal cell carcinomas. In comparison with clear cell renal cell carcinomas, little is known about the biology of such cancers, and few trials have reported on the efficacy of targeted therapies in the metastatic setting. Optimal management thus poses significant challenges and often requires a multidisciplinary team. This book will be an ideal reference guide for all clinicians involved in the care of patients with these orphan tumors.

For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series® has provided students and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. Nephrology Secrets, 4th Edition, features the Secrets'popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, and an easy-to-read style – making reference and review quick, easy, and enjoyable. The proven Secrets® format gives you the most return for your time – concise, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. Covers the full range of essential topics in nephrology for in-training or practicing professionals. Written and fully updated by global experts and thought leaders in nephrology. Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. New chapters on home dialysis, onco-nephrology, and palliative care nephrology. Fully updated throughout, with clear illustrations, figures, and flow diagrams that expedite study and review. Expert Consult™ eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, Q&As, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

The increase in average life expectancy observed over recent decades has brought new challenges to nephrology practice. Several renal diseases are more frequent in elderly patients today, and even in healthy older individuals renal physiology has its own peculiarities. This leads to the need for a specific approach on renal aging and renal function in the elderly. However, despite the relevance of this topic, there are few books exclusively dedicated to geriatric nephrology. This book fills this gap by presenting a comprehensive overview of the differences between normal renal aging and chronic renal disease in the aged, and describes the particular aspects of nephropathy in the elderly, addressing it in a practical and clinically applicable fashion. Clinical Nephrogeriatrics bridges the gap between nephrology and geriatrics, discussing the most important issues concerning the relationshipbetween these two medical specialties. This evidence-based resource, written by prominent specialists with extensive clinical experience, offers nephrologists, geriatricians, family physicians, and other medical professionals valuable practical guidelines and insights to enhance their clinical practice and provide optimal care.

Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide, involving at least 1 million patients annually. Kidney is the preferential colonization site where Leptospira accumulates during systemic infection, primarily in the interstitium and in renal tubule epithelial cells. In acute kidney injury (AKI), the main histological findings are acute tubulo-interstitial nephritis and acute tubular necrosis, characterized by hypokalemia and non-oliguria. The injury caused by leptospira outer membrane protein components involves innate immunity Toll-like receptor pathways and activation of complement and immune cascades in the kidney, together with extracellular matrix accumulation when the kidney infection progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Significantly, recent studies indicate that leptospira may induce CKD in humans either with AKI-CKD continuum or subclinical leptospira infection leading to CKD. Leptospirosis kidney disease thus represents a newly discovered and previously overlooked area requiring intensive medical and public health attention and investigation. In this book, leading experts in the field contribute their cutting-edge clinical and research experiences for the understanding of leptospirosis kidney disease. The outstanding feature of this publication is emphasizing kidney injury and disease induced by leptospirosis, an underestimated infection involving multiple organs. The book contributes information on current knowledge of leptospirosis kidney disease and a new perspective for future research.

Chronic Renal Disease, Second Edition, comprehensively investigates the physiology, pathophysiology, treatment and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This translational reference takes an in-depth look at CKD with no coverage of dialysis or transplantation. Chapters are devoted to the scientific investigation of chronic kidney disease, the most common problems faced by nephrologists in the management of chronic kidney disease, specific illnesses in the CKD framework, and how the management of CKD in a polycystic kidney disease patient differs from other CKD patients. This award-winning reference features a series of case studies, covering both clinical aspects and pathophysiology. Questions are open ended, progressively more difficult, and repetitive across different patient clinical problems and different chapters. The cases and questions included will be useful for medical students, residency board reviews, and clinician teaching or conference preparation. Includes case studies and questions which can be used as a teaching tool for medical students and resident Provides coverage of classification and measurement, epidemiology, pathophysiology, complications of CKD, fluid/electrolyte disorders in CKD, CKD and systemic illnesses, clinical considerations, therapeutic considerations, and special considerations

This book guides readers through a wide spectrum of clinical presentations in patients with arterial hypertension and different degrees of renal impairment, ranging from asymptomatic urine abnormalities to end stage renal disease. On the basis of six case studies, the author reviews and discusses current guidelines and recommendations aimed at optimizing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach both to renal and cardiovascular risk in commonly encountered real-world clinical scenarios including challenging cases of diabetic kidney disease, ischemic nephropathy and resistant hypertension. It also explores anti-hypertensive drug combinations, including single or multiple RAAS-I, lipid lowering and antiplatelet drugs, as well as the appropriate use of glucose lowering drugs in the context of chronic kidney disease. This handy and practical book provides physicians in the area of general and internal medicine, as well as specialists in the cardiovascular, metabolic and renal fields valuable insights into optimal therapeutic targets for blood pressure and glucose control in renal patients.

For more than 40 years, this well-regarded reference has bridged the gap between basic and clinical sciences for the many disorders associated with electrolyte imbalances and kidney dysfunction. Authoritative and easy to read, the eighth edition has been thoroughly updated by experts in the field to reflect recent developments in renal pathophysiology. Each chapter first introduces normal physiology, then covers each disorder's clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Helpful diagrams, algorithms, and tables further explain the complex concepts.

This book represents an invaluable resource for professionals for the diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children and how to select and deliver the appropriate form of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Experts from all over the globe have come together to share their wide experience in the field of Critical Care Nephrology in children. Paediatric critical care nephrology is a complex and highly specialised field, presenting challenges and management strategies that are often quite distinct from those seen in adult practice. Therefore, it is high time to address all the topics in the field of critical care nephrology in children in a unique book which is the first of its kind. This book covers the basics as well as advances in the field of Critical Care Nephrology. Each chapter is dedicated to practical aspects of a particular topic elucidating various management decision points. Each chapter is alsoaccompanied with algorithms, figures and protocols in tabulated format. Information on how to manage specific conditions are contextualized with relevant background anatomy, physiology and biochemistry and practical examples. At the end of the chapter, there are key learning points. Paediatricians, nephrologists and paediatric intensivists, as well as paediatric critical care and nephrology nurses in all countries will find this book an invaluable reference text.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome that is prevalent among hospitalized patients. In recent years, occurrence of AKI events has risen due to a growing susceptibility of fragile and elderly subjects and an increase in the use of complex procedures such as cardiovascular surgery and imaging techniques. Exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs, such as new chemotherapeutic agents, is also proving to be a cause of AKI. This book summarizes recent advances in various settings. A reappraisal of current definitions and staging classifications for AKI in the literature is followed by a description of new criteria for identifying patients at risk and characterizing early kidney damage by using biomarkers. Other important topics include the sequelae of AKI and AKI in special populations such as children, the elderly, and those with cancer. The effects of AKI and its consequences on healthcare expenditures are also addressed from several perspectives. AKI management requires the cooperation of different specialists to optimize outcomes. This book is thus a perfect tool not only for nephrologists, but for every specialist involved in the complicated endeavor of improving patient care.

This text serves as a convenient one-stop resource on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in context of advanced heart failure and presence of ventricular assist devices. Advances in managing heart failure, evidence-based practices and therapies are covered, along with the management of this unique and complex subset of patients. The book also provides insights into combined heart and kidney transplantation. Authored by leaders in nephrology, cardiology and transplantation, this book fills a critical knowledge gap in understanding and treating patients with acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart and kidneys and how one induces dysfunction in the other organ.

The kidney is innervated with efferent sympathetic nerve fibers reaching the renal vasculature, the tubules, the juxtaglomerular granular cells, and the renal pelvic wall. The renal sensory nerves are mainly found in the renal pelvic wall. Increases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity reduce renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion by activation of α1-adrenoceptors and increase renin secretion rate by activation of β1-adrenoceptors. In response to normal physiological stimulation, changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity contribute importantly to homeostatic regulation of sodium and water balance. The renal mechanosensory nerves are activated by stretch of the renal pelvic tissue produced by increases in renal pelvic tissue of a magnitude that may occur during increased urine flow rate. Under normal conditions, the renal mechanosensory nerves activated by stretch of the sensory nerves elicits an inhibitory renorenal reflex response consisting of decreases in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity leading to natriuresis. Increasing efferent sympathetic nerve activity increases afferent renal nerve activity which, in turn, decreases efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity by activation of the renorenal reflexes. Thus, activation of the afferent renal nerves buffers changes in efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the overall goal of maintaining sodium balance. In pathological conditions of sodium retention, impairment of the inhibitory renorenal reflexes contributes to an inappropriately increased efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity in the presence of sodium retention. In states of renal disease or injury, there is a shift from inhibitory to excitatory reflexes originating in the kidney. Studies in essential hypertensive patients have shown that renal denervation results in long-term reduction in arterial pressure, suggesting an important role for the efferent and afferent renal nerves in hypertension.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden with associated high economic costs to the health system. Main factors are the increasing number of patients with diabetes and hypertension and the aging of the population. CKD has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular morbidity, premature mortality, and/or decreased quality of life. In this new volume, renowned Japanese scientists present their recent research results. Papers cover various aspects of kidney diseases such as cystic kidney diseases, treatment of lupus nephritis, renal anemia and iron metabolism, cell sheet engineering, frailty and outcomes of dialysis patients, and the socioeconomics of rituximab in nephrotic syndrome. Due to the wide range of topics presented, this book will be of interest to readers from various clinical and research settings connected with the care of CKD patients.

Kidney disease touches nearly 14% of the population. Of the 661,000 Americans at the end stage of chronic kidney disease, 468,000 require dialysis and 193,000 have an effective kidney transplant. Both are miracles and have reshaped an illness once universally fatal into one of expectation and life. (Source: NIDDK) However, Medicare payments for dialysis alone are 34 billion dollars a year; it is among their foremost expenditures. (Source: USRDS). As both a life-saving procedure and a costly enterprise, the management of kidney disease commands the attention of care givers, providers and patients. Our understanding of the nuances of care make a difference, not just in the quality and betterment of the lives of patients, but in reducing the cost burdens we as a society must bear. Within this context, the intent of this book is to anticipate what the practicing nephrologist or internist needs to know when approaching, diagnosing and managing a patient with kidney disease. It is also designed to inspire the reader to seek a deeper understanding of the subject that pertains to the patient being treated. It is also ideal to use as a reference, as it is packed full of knowledge that will be most useful at the point of care. Thus, it is to be kept on the desk or a convenient shelf in a doctor's office, or in the house staff or clinic break room, so that it is easily accessible for everyday use. The book is divided into five sections. The first section, “The Approach to Chronic Kidney Disease”, consists of eleven chapters. Each chapter is designed to help the clinician gain perspective in caring for kidney patients, and taken together, will help create the foundation on which to build a well-rounded approach to CKD patients. In the second section, “Major Medical Conditions and Management”, an additional eleven chapters each focus on a specific disorder and how it can be best approached. These disorders range from everyday conditions like hypertension and diabetes to those that are rarely seen. The seven chapters of the third section, “Management Principles in CKD”, focus on specific conditions and complications that result from an impairment in kidney function. Once a patient has reached the point where renal replacement therapy is necessary, there are several options and modalities that are available. The nine chapters of the next section, “ESRD Replacement Therapy”, will discuss modalities and the approaches taken to optimize the patient's quality of life and well-being. The final section, “Innovations and Updates in Kidney Disease”, includes two chapters that will give the reader a glimpse of what is on the horizon.

Eureka: Renal Medicine is an innovative book for medical students that fully integrates core science, clinical medicine and surgery. The book benefits from an engaging and authoritative text, written by specialists in the field, and has several key features to help you really understand the subject: Chapter starter questions - to get you thinking about the topic before you start reading Break out boxes which contain essential key knowledge Clinical cases to help you understand the material in a clinical context Unique graphic narratives which are especially useful for visual learners End of chapter answers to the starter questions A final self-assessment chapter of Single Best Answers to really help test and reinforce your knowledge The First Principles chapter clearly explains the key concepts, processes and structures of the renal system. The Clinical Essentials chapter provides an overview of the symptoms and signs of renal disease, relevant history and examination techniques, investigations and management options. A series of disease-based chapters give concise descriptions of all major disorders, e.g. chronic kidney disease, each chapter is introduced by engaging clinical cases that feature unique graphic narratives. The Emergencies chapter covers the principles of immediate care in situations, such as hyperkalaemia and kidney stones. An Integrated Care chapter discusses strategies for the management of chronic conditions across primary and other care settings. Finally, the Self-Assessment chapter comprises 80 multiple choice questions in clinical Single Best Answer format, to thoroughly test your understanding of the subject. The Eureka series of books are designed to be a'one stop shop': they contain all the key information you need to know to succeed in your studies and pass your exams.

Highly Commended in Internal medicine in the 2017 BMA Medical Book AwardsThe Renal System at a Glance is a highly illustrated and practical guide to the structure and function of the kidney, renal, and urinary system. It also covers related disorders and abnormalities and their treatment. Fully updated to reflect the many exciting new developments in the understanding of nephrology, this new edition has been restructured to better integrate basic science and clinical examples to the medical school curricula. New chapters on glomerular filtration and global kidney medicine are included, while the latest guidance and approaches to acute kidney injury, chronic kidney diseases, and renal replacement therapy have also been incorporated. The Renal System at a Glance: Offers clear explanations on tricky topics such as electrolytes, fluid balance and acid-base handling Features new sections on glomerular filtration, and a new chapter on the global differences in kidney problems Includes cross-referencing between basic science and related clinical content Focuses on clinical disorders and investigations – ideal for those embarking on medicine rotations Illustrates each topic in a double page spread, complete with charts, graphs, and photographs An updated companion website is available at www.ataglanceseries.com/renalsystem featuring animations and MCQs This new edition is the perfect guide for medical students, junior doctors, and allied health professionals, including specialist nurses, who wish to learn, or refresh their knowledge, on the kidney and renal system in health and disease.

Kidney Development and Disease brings together established and young investigators who are leading authorities in nephrology to describe recent advances in three primary areas of research. The first section describes the use of animal models as powerful tools for the discovery of numerous molecular mechanisms regulating kidney development. The second section focuses on nephric cell renewal and differentiation, which lead to diverse cell fates within the developing kidney, and discusses diseases resulting from the aberrant regulation of the balance between cell fate decisions. The final section concentrates on morphogenesis of the developing kidney and its maintenance after formation as well as the diseases resulting from failures in these processes.Kidney form and function have been extensively studied for centuries, leading to discoveries related to their development and disease. Recent scientific advances in molecular and imaging techniques have broadenedour understanding of nephron development and maintenance as well as the diseases related to these processes.

This volume focuses on those rare congenital or acquired kidney pathologies that are localized in only one part of the organ, while the rest of the organ remains unaffected. It helps readers identify the segmentary stage of the disease and discusses in-depth possible conservative surgical approaches: partial nephrectomy, calicectomy and lobectomy. It is a valuable resource for urologists, nephrologists and surgeons as well as researchers and practitioners involved in the field.

This text is designed to present a comprehensive and state-of the-art but practical approach to the diagnosis and management of bacterial infection associated renal disease. The chapters address the different types of glomerular, tubulointerstitial and vascular diseases, associated with bacterial infections, describe diagnostic pitfalls, provide differential diagnosis and discuss treatment and management. Easy to follow diagnostic algorithms and tables are included for practical usefulness. The text provides a large number of color microphotographs, illustrations and each chapter refers to the most important up to date literature in the area. All chapters are written by experts in the field and will include the most up-to-date clinical information. A comprehensive but user friendly resource on renal complications of bacterial infection, such as this book, is overdue, particularly now in the era of staphylococcus epidemic and emerging new resistant bacterial strains. Bacterial Infections and the Kidney will be an important resource for pathologists, nephrologists, general internists, infectious disease specialists, and urologists. Transplant surgeons may find the chapter on transplant pyelonephritis very useful.

​Die wichtigsten Grundlagen der Dialyse!Dieses Buch bietet sowohl Fachpersonen als auch Einsteigern in nephrologischen Einrichtungen (Gesundheits- und Krankenpflegern, Medizinstudenten, Assistenzärzten) umfangreiches Basiswissen der Nephrologie und Nierenersatzverfahren. Die Herausgeber konzentrieren sich in den ersten Kapiteln auf die Funktion und die Erkrankungen der Niere und gehen dann im Folgenden auf die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Nierenersatzverfahren ein. Medizinische und technische Aspekte werden dabei erläutert und die Auswirkungen der Therapie im Bezug zum Patienten dargestellt.Für Pflegende und Weiterbildungsteilnehmer ist dieses Werk eine hervorragende Grundlage für die fachlich anspruchsvolle Arbeit mit nierenerkrankten Menschen.

This volume focuses on IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), a novel clinical entity involving multiple organs and of unknown origin, associated with the abundant infiltration of IgG4-positive cells. It consists of nine chapters written by prominent experts in the field and discusses the disease concept, diagnosis and treatment, as well as recent findings on its pathogenesis and pathophysiology. As such, it offers an invaluable source of information for researchers and clinicians alike.

This book, which is entitled as Renal Failure: Diagnosis, Management and Potential Complications, introduces the advanced topics regarding renal failure including manifold findings of physiologic, pathophysiologic and clinical aspects in the kidney. The kidney plays a crucial physiologic role in the regulation of urinary formation, fluid balance, nutrition metabolism, blood pressure and other aspects in the living body. Renal failure is a condition of a decline or loss of kidney function due to deficiency of functioning nephrons. Acute renal failure is a syndrome, which is characterized by acute decline or loss of kidney function due to temporary disfunctioning or blocking of nephrons. Acute renal failure is a reversible condition and is a secondary manifestation, a complication of another underlying critical illness. Chronic renal failure is a condition of slow, gradual decline of kidney function due to irreversible destruction of nephrons. This book provides recent information concerning acute and chronic renal failure in clinical aspects, and is constituted in five chapters.

The third edition of a bestseller, this book provides insight from a wide array of international contributors in the field of pediatric nephrology. Copiously illustrated with photomicrographs and clinical diagrams, the third edition reflects current advances in the field. Each chapter contains a set of questions, directed at helping fellows succeed at the American Pediatric Nephrology Board examination. New information for this edition includes changes in treatment options for hyponatremia, and updates on hyperparathyroidism and transplantation. Text boxes highlight important'take home points'throughout the chapters. Clinical Pediatric Nephrology, Third Edition will be a valuable reference for clinicians in nephrology, pediatrics and urology, and any professional involved in the care of children with renal diseases seeking a reliable contemporary text.

This book combines the reference material of a nephrology textbook with the everyday relevance of a clinical handbook. This second edition develops and expands upon the success of the first. All the content has been updated and entirely new chapters on acid-base disorders and stone disease have been added.Understanding Kidney Diseases includes over 60 real-life case studies and is illustrated with over 200 figures. Readers can test their knowledge with a bank of multiple-choice questions and put it into practice by answering questions that patients frequently ask. The book provides all that students, residents and fellows need in order to approach a patient with a kidney problem with confidence.

This guide provides a comprehensive review of the full spectrum of hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Targeted towards the busy practitioner, the focus of this volume is on various therapies and how to lower blood pressure through lifestyle changes. Specialist patient populations and hypertension and causes of hypertension are also covered in detail. Clinically-focused and authoritative, this resource offers a rationalized approach to diagnosing and treating hypertension in CKD.

Vitamin D deficiency, circulating levels lower than 15 ng/ml, is an epidemic disease worldwide with more than a billion people suffering of it in the beginning of the 21-century. Besides its impact on mineral and bone metabolism, these low vitamin D levels are also associated with a diversity of non-skeletal complications, among them cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, cancer, tuberculosis, and immune system dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease is also a very common disease, affecting more than 10% of the world population, ranging from stage 1 to stage 5 before dialysis. Approximately 1% of the population in industrialized countries is affected by end-stage renal disease (ESRD), needing a renal replacement therapy either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, and ultimately by renal transplantation. Those CKD patients are more susceptible to exhibit reduced vitamin D stocks. Consequently, more than eighty percent of CKD patients have either insufficient ordeficient vitamin D levels for multiple reasons.

This book is written for the primary care clinician to help update knowledge of pediatric nephrology. The current and future shortage of pediatric nephrologists necessitates steady, rejuvenated information on the Aristolean kidney for primary care clinicians, as they care for the child and adolescent with renal and genitourinary dilemmas and disorders. In view of this shortage and the rapidly increasing knowledge in pediatric nephrology, as well as understanding indications for referral to pediatric nephrologists in the t twenty-first century, au courant assiduous information aimed at primary care clinicians in these areas becomes increasingly important. Chapters in this book cover nephrological problems in different pediatric ages, including newborns. As noted by some of the ancient scholars, the kidney does not exist in isolation, but is involved in other aspects of the body. Thus, we include chapters on the kidney in metabolic and rheumatoid disorders. Behavioral aspects of chronic disease, including renal disorders, are also considered because of the importance that renal (and chronic) disease has on the child and adolescent.

Kidney Development, Disease, Repair and Regeneration focuses on the molecular and cellular basis of kidney development, exploring the origins of kidney lineages, the development of kidney tissue subcompartments, as well as the genetic and environmental regulation of kidney development. Special coverage is given to kidney stem cells and possible steps towards kidney repair and regeneration. Emphasis is placed on the fetal origins of postnatal renal disease and our current understanding of the molecular basis of damage and repair. Biomedical researchers across experimental nephrology and developmental biology will find this a key reference for learning how the underlying developmental mechanisms of the kidney will lead to greater advances in regenerative medicine within nephrology. Offers researchers a single comprehensive resource written by leaders from both the developmental biology and the experimental nephrology communities Focuses on understanding the molecular basis of organogenesis in the kidney as well as how this can be affected both genetically and environmentally Explains the underlying developmental mechanisms which influence the kidney's inherent repair capacity Demonstrates how a deeper understanding of mechanisms will lead to greater advances in regenerative medicine

The first edition of Comorbidities in Chronic Kidney Disease is focused on the main clinical syndromes associated with renal failure. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are characterized by a wide spectrum of comorbidities, potentially complicating patients'clinical outcomes. In this volume, both editor and authors have planned a complete review of the main clinical syndromes associated with renal injury and failure. The first chapter is dedicated to epidemiological aspects of chronic kidney disease, and also introduces risk factors and associated comorbidities. Arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases are actually accountable as major risk factors for developing renal disease, and the next chapter is mainly focused on the latest trials in this field. The following chapter is dedicated to pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in patients with declined renal function. The subsequent chapter is exhaustively focused on the clinical features of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the disease's complications on kidneys, bone, vessels and heart, from early laboratory findings ‘to severe vascular and heart valvular calcifications. The section that succeeds reflects on secondary anemia and consequent cardiorenal anemia syndrome with particular attention on the latest treatment schedules. Coronary artery disease is also discussed, especially for those concerned with clinical features and laboratory diagnosis in chronic kidney disease patients with impaired clearance of coronary acute syndrome biomarkers. Cardiorenal syndrome and sudden cardiac death are well-established clinical aspects in CKD patients, and they are discussed both in terms of pathophsysiological and clinical features. The book finally ends with two sections on hepato-renal syndrome and contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN represents daily challenges for all nephrologists because due to the large amounts of instrumental diagnostic tests and an increasing number of chronic kidney disease patients involved. This volume could be appreciated both by nephrologists and all clinicians involved in chronic patients'management due to schematic and practical editing and form.

This practical handbook offers quick and sound advice on the many issues faced when dialyzing the older patient. It is authored by well-known international experts who have covered the full range of end stage renal disorders including treatment options, patient management and maximization of quality of life. Accessible and easy-to-read, Dialysis in Older Adults serves as the go-to reference for clinicians and members of their team as they treat this challenging patient population.

Written in a succinct question and answer format, this comprehensive resource covers all areas of nephrology and common clinical scenarios. Nearly 1000 questions with detailed answers provide nephrology fellows, practicing nephrologists and clinicians a better understanding of nephrology and aid preparations for nephrology and internal medicine boards. Absolute Nephrology Review features the latest evidence and guidelines while fulfilling a critical need within the nephrology community.

Ultrasound imaging techniques are an indispensable complement to physical examination, which is often frustrating, if not useless, for diagnosing kidney problems. The application of ultrasound techniques in clinical routine helps clinicians to rule out, at first glance, some serious pathological conditions and to concentrate on the accurate diagnosis of the patient. Moreover, sonography can extend the spectrum of diagnostic criteria in acute kidney diseases. It makes it possible to determine morphological parameters without potentially toxic contrast media while exploring functional aspects with contrast enhanced or Doppler ultrasound techniques. This publication meets a growing demand for current information among physicians and nurses in the field. With a focus on the daily practice of diagnosing kidney disease, it is an important resource for both beginner and advanced users of ultrasound imaging techniques.