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'Beautiful. Chak masterfully interrogates the flashpoints that make the Kashmir crisis one of the most politically sensitive issues in modern world history'Khaled A. Beydoun, Law Professor and author of American Islamophobia The territory of Jammu and Kashmir is one of the most politically contested and heavily militarized spaces on the planet. It has long been presented as an'internal dispute', mainly by India, in attempts to sustain power through settler colonialism. In this context, Kashmiri voices are rarely heard. In Nuclear Flashpoint, Farhan Chak reveals how the history, culture, and the will of the people of Kashmir has been deliberately obscured to suit ideological agendas. He explores six unique time frames in Kashmiri historyfrom ancient Kashmir, through the British Raj, to the present day. Asking'who is a Kashmiri?', Chak shines a light on the long cycle of revolt that continues in resistance movements today, and asks us to reconsider Kashmir's ongoing quest for independence.

With a vast landscape of material, careful distillation of the most important discoveries helps researchers find the key information. Publications in nanoscience cross conventional boundaries from chemistry to specialised areas of physics and nanomedicine. This volume provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of the most recent research and opinion from across the globe. Topics covered include, but are not limited to, advancing lithium-ion battery technology, sonochemistry in nanomaterial synthesis, mechanoluminescence and electronic and optical features of 2D materials. Appealing to anyone practising in nano-allied fields or wishing to enter the nano-world, this useful resource provides a succinct reference on recent developments in this area now and looking to the future.

In recent decades, bio-nano interfaces have become a popular topic of research. The interface between biology (e.g., cells, proteins) and man-made materials (e.g., surfaces of labware, medical devices/implants, etc., that are exposed to the biological matter) has always been important, way before the terms of nanotechnology and nanoscience were coined. Nanotechnology brought new techniques into play, with which such interfaces can be investigated with an additional viewpoint. This book is a collection of articles spanning two decades that shows how the newer publications have evolved from the older ones. This allows the reader to see the development in the field not only technically but also conceptually. The book is, in particular, suitable for the researchers and general readers who are looking for inspiration on how ideas develop over decades.

The book is a collection of high-quality research papers presented at Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile Networks (ICICV 2023), held at Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, during February 16–17, 2023. The book shares knowledge and results in theory, methodology, and applications of communication technology and mobile networks. The book covers innovative and cutting-edge work of researchers, developers, and practitioners from academia and industry working in the area of computer networks, network protocols and wireless networks, data communication technologies, and network security.

This book collects different artificial intelligence methodologies that applied to solve real-world problems. This book has exciting chapters that employ artificial intelligence and applied to different applications based on integration with meta-heuristic and other techniques. The area of applications is including medical diagnosis, text analysis, cloud computing, and others which will enrich the reader. In this sense, the book provides practical and theory content with novel artificial intelligence techniques. The chapters were compiled using a scientific perspective. Accordingly, the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate students of science, engineering, and computational mathematics and is applied in courses on artificial intelligence, optimization techniques, advanced machine learning, among others.

This unique book sheds light on the press coverage of Karachi's ethnic affairs through a detailed textual analysis of newspapers. The author examines the coverage of communal issues in both English and Urdu newspapers, highlighting the improvements in English newspapers'coverage and the tendencies of Urdu dailies to report on state nationalism-driven news items during ethnic hostilities. With a regional focus on Karachi, this book is an essential read for historians, researchers, and journalists interested in understanding the ethic dynamics of Pakistan and the role of the press in covering multi-ethnic societies. The book is a valuable contribution to the study of Pakistan's ethnic affairs, providing insight inthe the ideas, movementsm and theories that have shaped Karachi's ethnic landscape.

In Jonah Blank's important, myth-shattering book, the West gets its first look at the Daudi Bohras, a unique Muslim denomination who have found the core of their religious beliefs largely compatible with modern ideology. Combining orthodox Muslim prayer, dress, and practice with secular education, relative gender equality, and Internet use, this community serves as a surprising reminder that the central values of'modernity'are hardly limited to the West.

Several plant bioactives or plant-derived therapeutic molecules have been used against life-threatening diseases and their nanoparticle-mediated delivery greatly improves therapeutic efficacy. Advances in Phytonanotechnology for Treatment of Various Diseases aims to describe past and recent advances achieved in the field of phytonanotechnology. The chapters of this book provide thorough knowledge of medicinal plants, plant bioactives, plant extract-based nanoparticle synthesis, delivery of plant bioactives through nanoparticles, and their therapeutic activity against life-threatening diseases. This book focuses on the therapeutic activity of phytocomponents present in plants from diverse families, genera, and species. The book also covers future aspects and challenges present in phytonanotechnology for curing human diseases. This book fulfils the thrust of researchers working in this field, which further encourages them to make new discoveries in this area and support the development of effective nanoparticle-mediated plant bioactive delivery platforms for treating human diseases.Key Features Provides information on medicinal plants and plant bioactives used in the treatment of various life-threatening diseases Covers green synthesis of nanoparticles as well as their toxicological and biological effects Explores various nanocarriers routinely used in the delivery of plant bioactives and their efficacy for future drug delivery Envisages future opportunities, challenges, and implementation made in phytonanotechnology-based treatment of human diseases

Advanced Porous Biomaterials for Drug Delivery Applications probes cutting-edge progress in the application of advanced porous biomaterials in drug delivery fields. These biomaterials offer promise in improving upon the design, cost, and creation of potent novel drug delivery systems. The book focuses on two categories: nature engineered and synthetic advanced porous biomaterials, with a wide range of low-cost porous biomaterial-based systems that have been used for the delivery of diverse drugs through in vitro/in vivo approaches. Details how advanced porous biomaterial-assisted systems improve essential properties in drug delivery applications Explains how advanced porous biomaterials systems are being used and explored to improve overall performances of drug delivery systems in mitigating a variety of diseases Emphasizes major applications in drug delivery such as controlled release, cancer therapy, and targeted delivery, and with focus on oral, topical, and transdermal applications Focuses on both naturally available and synthetic low-cost advanced porous biomaterials and their role in enhancing important parameters in drug delivery applications Accessible to readers with bio and non-bio backgrounds This book is an ideal reference for academics, researchers, and industry professionals in the interdisciplinary fields of biomedicine and biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, materials science, and chemistry.

This edited book proposes a collection of recently undertaken technical work on topics from various aspects of power engineering, energy systems as well as integrated smart technologies and related challenges. The scientific nature of the topics to be discussed in this book ranges from novel concepts to innovative implementations of smart technologies for promoting sustainable economic growth and development. Furthermore, this book substantially contributes to the relevant literature's advancement and possibly serves as a platform for future research endeavors and publications. In addition, knowledge enrichment and expansion of power engineering and energy systems in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as to be portrayed in this book, fundamentally appeal to researchers, power system engineers, energy specialists, data scientists, decision-makers as well as professionals involved in the various sectors that constitute the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

This book discusses the potential of the Internet of Unmanned Things (IoUT), which is considered a promising paradigm resulting in numerous applications including shipment of goods, home package delivery, crop monitoring, agricultural surveillance, and rescue operations. The authors discuss how IoUT nodes collaborate with each other in ad hoc manner through a Line-of-Sight (LoS) link to exchange data packets. Also discussed is how Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAVs) can communicate with fixed ground stations, with an air traffic controller, or through a Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) link with a satellite-aided controller, generally based on preloaded missions. The authors go on to cover how to tackle issues that arise with dissimilar communication technologies. They cover how various problems can appear in inter-UAV and UAV-to-X communications including energy management, lack of security and the unreliability of wireless communication links, and handover from LoS to NLoS, and vice versa. In this book, the editors invited front-line researchers and authors to submit research exploring emerging technologies for IoUT and mission-based networking and how to overcome challenges.

Porous Polymer Science and Applications aims to provide recent developments and advances in synthesis, tuning parameters, and applications of porous polymers. This book brings together reviews written by highly accomplished panels of experts working in the area of porous polymers. It encompasses basic studies and addresses topics of novel issues concerning the applications of porous polymers. Chapter topics span basic studies, novel issues, and applications addressing all aspects in a one-stop reference on porous polymers. Applications discussed include catalysis, gas storage, energy and environmental sectors making this an invaluable guide for students, professors, scientists and R&D industrial experts working in the field of material science and engineering and particularly energy conversion and storage. Additional features include: Provides a comprehensive introduction to porous polymers addressing design, synthesis, structure, properties and characterization. Covers task-specific applications of porous polymers. Explores the advantages and opportunities of these materials for most major fields of science and engineering. Outlines novel research areas and potential development and expansion areas.

Pakistan and Human Rights consists of a series of innovative and carefully chosen chapters by leading experts and specialists in the field of human rights law. With contributions from young emerging scholars, many of whom live and work in Pakistan, this volume takes a critical look at the legal ordering of human rights issues in Pakistan today.

Le roman Premâshram a été publié en 1921, au début d'une période charnière dans l'histoire de l'Inde. Les paysans de ce pays, encore sous domination britannique, prenaient de plus en plus conscience de leur misère et commençaient à résister à un régime qui les écrasait. C'est également l'époque où Gandhi est apparu comme un libérateur, capable de catalyser un mouvement de révolte qui ne s'est arrêté qu'en 1947. Premâshram est l'oeuvre d'un homme sensible aux maux de son époque et prêt à se battre bec et ongles pour une société meilleure. À travers une aventure passionnante, Premchand nous fait entrer dans l'âme de ses concitoyens, nous fait revivre des drames qui dépassent les frontières physiques de l'Inde, tout en nous permettant de nous rendre compte que les expériences humaines décrites peuvent être celles que n'importe quel peuple est appelé à vivre au cours de son histoire.

Pi-conjugated polymers (PCPs) are organic macromolecular systems characterized by backbone chains with alternating single and double bonds and are fascinating materials for energy-related applications. The first chapter shall help those readers who are new to the domain of PCPs to assimilate the fundamental features and the excellent opportunities associated with such macrosystems. Chapter 2 focuses on a special and growing class of PCPs – heavy main group element containing heterocyclic systems and their unique properties. The dynamic domain of conjugated porous polymers, versatile photocatalysts, is discussed in Chapter 3. The synthetic strategies, functional modifications, characteristics, and recent applications of poly(oxadiazole)s and poly(indolocarbazole)s have been presented in Chapter 4. A basic understanding of the photophysics of conjugated polymer nanoparticles and the related fabrication routes are illustrated in Chapter 5, followed by the illustration of the theory behind the utilization for modeling and simulation in Chapter 6.

This book addresses challenges and opportunities in the Energy-Water-Environment (EWE) nexus, with a particular focus on research and technology development requirements in harsh desert climates. Its chapters include selected contributions presented during the 1st international conference on sustainable Energy-Water-Environment nexus in desert climates (ICSEWEN-19) held at the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI) in Doha, Qatar in December 2019. This volume is comprised of three main chapters, each describing important case studies and progress on water, energy and environmental questions. A fourth chapter on policies and community outreach on these three areas is also included. This compilation aims to bridge the gap between research and industry to address the socioeconomic impacts of the nexus imbalance as perceived by scientists, industrial partners, and policymakers. The content of this book is of particular importance to graduate students, researchers and decision makers interested in understanding water, energy and environmental challenges in arid areas. Re searchers in environmental and civil engineering, chemistry, hydrology and environmental science can also find unique in-situ observations of the current nexus imbalance in deserts climate to validate their investigations. It is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals working in water, energy, environment and food sectors to understand the rapidly evolving landscape of the EWE nexus in arid areas. The analyses, observations and lessons-learned summarized herein are applicable to other arid areas outside North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula as well, such as central Australia, the southwest of the United States and deserts in central Asia.

During the last few decades, corrupt financial practices were increasingly being monitored in many countries around the globe. The past few decades have been eventful for these issues. Today, tackling money laundering and terrorism financing are considered key issues in developed and developing countries alike. Eradication of money laundering and terrorism financing through a holistic approach of awareness, prevention, and enforcement is a current need. It has enabled the birth of new regulatory regimes based on strict compliance, robust processes, and technology. One of the many problems with this is the lack of general awareness about all these issues among various stakeholders including researchers and practitioners. Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing in Global Financial Systems deepens the discourse about money laundering, terrorism financing, and risk management in a modern-day environment. It provides a fascinating and invaluable guide for understanding the theory, practice, and cases of these topics. Split into two sections, the first being money laundering and terrorism financing and the second being financial governance and risk management, the chapters create comprehensive knowledge on these acts of crime in the financial industry by defining the crimes themselves, the many challenges and impacts, and potential solutions. This book is ideal for government officials, financial professionals, policymakers, academicians, business professionals, managers, IT specialists, researchers, and students.

Nanomaterials contain some unique properties compared to their bulk. Their unique properties are due to the chemical nature of the material, small size, and surface functionalization. Along with control over size, the functionalization of nanomaterials also affects their compatibility to the environment and living organisms. This book provides a detailed account of nanomaterials functionalization along with a brief overview of their application.This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators including doctoral and postdoctoral scholars and undergradate and graduate students who need to have knowledge of the basics of nanomaterial functionalization, recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in this field. This book will also provide critical and comparative data for nano-technologists and may be beneficial for industry personnel, journalists, policy makers, and the general public to help understand functionalized nanomaterials in detail and in depth. Features: This book is comprehensive and covers all aspects of functionalized nanotechnology. It describes the challenges and methods of functionalized nanomaterials synthesis for different applications. It discusses the recent findings and cutting-edge global research trends on the functionalization of nanomaterials. It emphasizes the products and market, safety, and regulatory issues of functionalized nanomaterials. It contains contributions from international experts and will be a valuable resource for researchers.

Chikungunya (CHIKV) is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes that can cause symptoms such as fever, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, fatigue, and rash, which can become severe. While symptoms generally subside within a week or two, the disease nonetheless imposes a burden on societies around the world and carries a death risk of 1 in 1,000 infections. Chapter One details the history and evolution of the virus, including its epidemiology and extensive spread, and discusses disease prevention and vector control measures. Chapter Two describes the geographical distribution, transmission, and alternative hosts of Chikungunya. Chapter Three provides an insight into the different immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis strategies that have demonstrated promising results so far for the treatment of this disease. Lastly, Chapter Four provides an overview of the potential therapeutics that have been proposed and developed for CHIKV.

This book deals with Law of Waqf (Muslim Endowment Law) and its judicial response in India.The volume covers several jurisprudential and historical aspects of Waqf, which include Doctrines of Waqf; Essential Requisites of Waqf; Valid Objects of Waqf; Historical Account of Waqf; Emergence of Waqf Law in India; and Constitutional Validity of Waqf in India. The chapters then go on to discuss the Waqf Act 1995 and Waqf Amendment Act 2013. The legal perspectives of each Section of Waqf Act and its amendments are elucidated with references under Reflections. The case-law has been analysed and cited under each Section of Waqf Act, wherever applicable.This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of law and legal studies. It will be of interest to practitioners of Waqf Jurisprudence in India, the managers of Waqf Institutions and officials involved in Waqf Administration.

Blockchain relies on distributed databases that give an alterable and semipublic record of digital transactions. Blockchain in learning should address theoretical, practical, and technical issues, but it must also consider the philosophy behind interactive blockchain in learning. While the applications of blockchain have been the subject of serious academic research, there must be more continuous and multicultural attention paid to the impact of the latest management, communication, pedagogy, technology, and evaluation-based developments of blockchain in learning. Blockchain Technology Applications in Education is an essential scholarly publication that scrutinizes how open universities establish a blockchain network for decentralized learning. This book will explore a variety of new management models, communicational actions, pedagogical approaches, new technologies, and evaluation models. There will be new trends, patterns, and customs of blockchain in learning drawn from the distinctive improvements in learning milieus. Highlighting a range of topics such as corporate education, lifelong learning, and social media, this book is essential for academicians, curriculum designers, instructional designers, IT consultants, administrators, researchers, and students.

Rapid industrialization is a serious concern in the context of a healthy environment. With the growth in the number of industries, the waste generated is also growing exponentially. The various chemical processes operating in the manufacturing industry generate a large number of by-products, which are largely harmful and toxic pollutants and are generally discharged into the natural water bodies. Once the pollutants enter the environment, they are taken up by different life forms, and because of bio-magnification, they affect the entire food chain and have severe adverse effects on all life forms, including on human health. Although, various physico-chemical and biological approaches are available for the removal of toxic pollutants, unfortunately these are often ineffective and traditional clean up practices are inefficient. Biological approaches utilizing microorganisms (bacterial/fungi/algae), green plants or their enzymes to degrade or detoxify environmental pollutants such as endocrine disruptors, toxic metals, pesticides, dyes, petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, offer eco- friendly approaches. Such eco-friendly approaches are often more effective than traditional practices, and are safe for both industry workers as well as environment. This book provides a comprehensive overview of various toxic environmental pollutants from avariety natural and anthropogenic sources, their toxicological effects on the environment, humans, animals and plants as well as their biodegradation and bioremediation using emerging and eco-friendly approaches (e.g. Anammox technology, advanced oxidation processes, membrane bioreactors, membrane processes, GMOs), microbial degradation (e.g. bacteria, fungi, algae), phytoremediation, biotechnology and nanobiotechnology. Offering fundamental and advanced information on environmental problems, challenges and bioremediation approaches used for the remediation of contaminated sites, it is a valuable resource for students, scientists and researchers engaged in microbiology, biotechnology and environmental sciences.

This book focuses on the challenges of living with climate disasters, in addition to the existing gender inequalities that prevail and define social, economic and political conditions.Social inequalities have consequences for the everyday lives of women and girls where power relations, institutional and socio-cultural practices make them disadvantaged in terms of disaster preparedness and experience. Chapters in this book unravel how gender and masculinity intersect with age, ethnicity, sexuality and class in specific contexts around the globe. It looks at the various kinds of difficulties for particular groups before, during and after disastrous events such as typhoons, flooding, landslides and earthquakes. It explores how issues of gender hierarchies, patriarchal structures and masculinity are closely related to gender segregation, institutional codes of behaviour and to a denial of environmental crisis. This book stresses the need for a gender-responsive framework that can provide a more holistic understanding of disasters and climate change. A critical feminist perspective uncovers the gendered politics of disaster and climate change. This book will be useful for practitioners and researchers working within the areas of Climate Change response, Gender Studies, Disaster Studies and International Relations.

Metal Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Applications addresses the lifecycle of metal nanoparticles, from synthesis and characterization, to applications in drug delivery and targeting. It is an important resource for those in biomaterials, nanomedicine and pharmaceutical sciences, exploring gold, silver and iron-based drug delivery systems for controlled and targeted delivery of potential drugs and genes for enhanced clinical efficacy. Nanotechnology is widely used in drug delivery due to its ability to reduce plasma fluctuation of drugs, high solubility, and efficiency, the relatively low cost of nanoscale products, and enhancement of patient comfort, hence this resource is a welcome edition to the science. - Illustrates the progression of nanoparticle therapeutics from basic research to applications - Explores new opportunities and ideas for developing and improving technologies in nanomedicine and nanobiology - Discusses the toxicity of different types of metal nanoparticles and how to ensure their safe use

This book explores the ways in which technology is being used by various open universities in developing countries to extend learner support services to distance learners. It shares the best practices being followed by different open universities so that these may be replicated by other universities. It provides an overview of the use of various digital technologies, e-learning tools, eLearning platforms, virtual learning environments, and synchronous and asynchronous technologies in open and distance learning (ODL) systems. Moreover, it discusses the importance of ODL systems in providing inclusive education in developing countries through the use of ICT with a special focus on adult, rural and elderly learners, as well as the role of technology in science education through ODL system. A transformative model of sustainable collaborative learning is presented, integrating concepts based on theoretical frameworks to increase the flexibility and solve existing issues in developing countries, which may be used for policy changes in distance learning. It concludes by examining various challenges in successfully implementing technology for effective delivery of learner support services in distance education systems in developing countries and exploring the strategies required to overcome these challenges.

This respected resource is a biographical dictionary of the significant players in the physical, biological and related sciences. Each edition includes biographical entries on nearly 135,000 living scientists, providing birthdate; birthplace; field of spe

The Biography and Genealogy Master Index is designed to help you easily determine which publication to consult for biographical information. Indexed sources cover both living and deceased persons from every field of activity and from every country in the world. Typically current, readily available, standard reference works are indexed. Look for supplement volume updates to this valuable biographical research tool twice a year. These volumes are cumulated every five years. More than 15 million citations compiled from more than 5,000 editions and volumes of approximately 1,700 current and retrospective biographical sources are included in the Biography and Genealogy Master Index base set and its supplements. In total, Biography and Genealogy Master Index provides coverage of nearly 5 million contemporary and historical figures from authors to scientists, from boxers to fashion designers, from Adam and Eve to Frank Zappa.

Profiles living persons in the physical and biological fields, as well as public health scientists, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists.

This book provides a comparative look at key issues that characterize and contextualize upper secondary science education in sixteen countries in Oceania, South America, Asia, Europe, North America, Africa, and the Middle East, incluing links with elementary and early science, final assessment, and the secondary/tertiary education interface.

'I read with great interest the current state of Islamic economics and finance as examined by Muhammad Akram Khan, who has given a fresh outlook for the readers to find out its limitations and to search for its solutions. Khan has read widely in the subject matter, and presented his views with reference to literature and thoughtful and logical arguments. While many may not agree with his arguments or will have a better explanation, I find his arguments at least worthy of examination to strengthen the arguments of those who might oppose him. Although Khan is critical of the subject matter, he is very sympathetic to the greater objectives of Islamic economics and provides his own prescriptions to achieve those objectives.'- M. Kabir Hassan, University of New Orleans, USWhat is Wrong with Islamic Economics? takes an objective look at the state of the art in Islamic economics and finance. It analyses reasons for perceived stagnation and also suggests a way forward.As well as probing various myths, the book presents several innovative ideas and a methodology for developing the subject on new foundations. It also highlights weaknesses in the conventional position on prohibition of interest, which has led Islamic banks devise a series of legal tricks. The author notes how the original aim of devising a new brand of banking has become less prominent whilst Islamic banks now position themselves more closely to conventional banks. The book also offers insights into how certain traditional thinking has seemingly ignored the egalitarian spirit of the law of zakah and created a scenario where zakah is not able to help the billions of poor people around the globe.This detailed book will appeal to students, professors, researchers, Islamic banks and finance houses, consulting companies, accounting firms, and regulatory bodies. Professional economists, libraries in research and training organizations, as well as anyone with a general interest in the topic will find much to interest them.

Judges & Generals In Pakistan: Vol-II by Inam R Sehri is another book comprising of his articles [in continuity with Vol-I]; mostly covering the historical scenarios of Gen Musharraf's military regime from years 2000-08. The main emphasis remained on militarized governance and alleged compromises of the Supreme judiciary. Vicious accounts of corruption are also there to prove that very few military Generals were equally competent to plunder the national wealth at par with bureaucrats and politicians. Death of Benazir Bhutto is discussed in detail. Facts about the judicial turmoil (2007), sending home the Chief Justice, reinstating and putting him [along with his fellow judges] in illegal confinement, are all set inside.

The book focuses a realistic and factual account on the resurgence of aquaculture and birth of blue (protein) revolution. The resurgence got a booming start on the success of induced breeding of carps in mid 1957. Thereafter, further research successes gained momentum year after year in the fields of high fish seed production, integrated polyculture hybridization, training of personnel and in various other fields. Bulk impact of benefits from these successes were on the people of India, South and South and Southeast Asia who harvested the successes of induced breeding. These successes of induced breeding. These successes were considered the best research success in the field of Aquaculture in the region. The credit for these successes goes to Prof. Hiralal Chaudhuri the “Father of Induced Breeding” and the international scientist. As the publisher M/s Daya Publishing House wanted to document the research success of Prof. Chaudhuri specifically the editor prepared this treatise on whatever little documents of Prof. Chaudhuri were available. The professor was averse to publicity, name and fame and in no way connected with this endeavour except that he rather reluctantly permitted to consult his papers. He said the success was due to a teamwork of several aquaculturists. Since various stalwart aqua-culturist's observations have been presented in Chapters 1, 2 and 4 there was no room for the editor to glorify Prof. Chaudhuri's achievements any further.

In their research in the field of international education, the editors found that the university admission function of terminating school assessment has largely eclipsed the school-leaving-certification aspect in systems where the two go together. But it is not only students from education systems which have curriculum-based external examinations at the culmination of schooling who aspire to enter university. Once the privilege of the well-heeled classes, university education has become to today's middle-class youngster what a high school certificate was to preceding generations at the same stage of life. Be it the demands of the ‘knowledge society'or merely credential inflation, a great many young people now regard tertiary education as the means by which to realise their ambitions. Schooling has become a stepping-stone to post-school education and training (e.g., university). This edited volume accordingly focuses on the transition from school to university. In broad terms, there are two kinds of university admission systems: first, those in which upper secondary school qualifications explicitly confer the right to enrol at university, and second, those in which they do not. Some systems exhibit an additional layer of testing between those leading to school certification and the attainment of university entrance status. Securing the general right to enter university may only be a first step. Individual universities may impose their own entrance requirements, particularly in the case of competitive-entry programmes. These may involve selection procedures not associated with examinations or tests. In some systems, a student may be able to enrol in selective faculties directly upon making the transition from school; in others, there may be a significant lapse of time separating general university admission and enrolment in a desired field via ‘pre-'courses or even first degrees in other fields. ‘Massification', university autonomy, and student competition for places in highly esteemed programmes leading to the need for comparability mechanisms among entry qualifications are identified as three sets of factors that exert powerful influences on university admission policies and practices. University education represents a major public and private investment in human capital formation and is also a prominent ideological arena; access to university has come to be regarded as a right rather than a privilege in many societies. University entrance policies may be seen as constantly shifting pivots between the two opposing forces favouring the limiting of access and the freeing up of access. Given the importance of securing the ‘right'tertiary education, students are becoming more choosy about which university they attend. This can present problems for federal entities with a multiplicity of education systems within their borders, especially when divergence in end-of-school assessment procedures has occurred to the point where the establishment of comparability among the constituent entities is less than straightforward. The cross-border portability of university admission credentials is addressed through the inclusion of several such national systems. Whereas comparability is a ubiquitous issue permeating the transition to university, convergence and congruence are harder to find. But, the editors argue, they are necessary in an increasingly globalising world of higher education. The question, though, is how they will come to fruition. The final chapter, ‘Synthesis', discusses the merits and demerits of conducting university entrance examinations or tests separate from terminating assessments leading to school certification. In accordance with the unifying theme of the two volumes, the editors come down in favour of systems in which external end-of-school examinations obviate the need for an additional layer of st

Summative assessment has been a contentious issue in educational circles for several decades, particularly high-stakes assessment events which arise at various junctures of the school cycle, especially those at the end of it. The French Baccalauréat and English A-Levels and their numerous clones throughout the francophone and anglophone worlds are household names and represent milestone events in people's lives, as their outcomes are principal determinants of young people's future prospects. These examinations are external––they are devised, conducted and processed by agencies outside the schools, usually ministerial examination units. As such, they act as ‘blind'arbiters of student achievement, providing the proverbial ‘level playing field'which ensures the comparability of outcomes. In the pyramidal school structures of yesteryear, examinations acted as filters, regulating the progression of pupils to subsequent tiers of formal education. Exit points occurred from primary school level up, from where unsuccessful candidates could enter the labour force and/or embark on occupationally specific further education and training. With the modernisation of the labour market and an ever-higher social demand for access to higher levels of formal education, the filtering function of examinations at lower levels of schooling has been gradually eroded, while burgeoning numbers of students at the upper secondary level have brought about reforms that include curricular diversification and sometimes radical overhauls of terminating assessment systems (including the modification and, in some instances, abandonment of external examinations). This edited volume brings together the experiences of twenty examination systems from around the world to show how these dynamic entities have adapted over time to the changing context of schooling. Following an introduction by Stephen P. Heyneman of World Bank repute, there are sixteen chapters presenting Country Case Studies, which have been written up under common subheadings, thereby highlighting the comparative nature of the work and facilitating cross-referencing. The subsequent four chapters elaborate on the theme of ‘external examinations beyond national borders', including a contribution by the International Baccalaureate Organisation. A defining feature of the work is the attention it pays to what it calls the ‘nuts and bolts'of external examinations, from question-setting to grading procedures. These are, it is argued, instrumental in nurturing and maintaining public confidence in external examinations. The book will be of immense value to people involved in educational policy studies, especially strategic educational planning, as well as those directly concerned with formal assessment. The work has been written to appeal to a wide audience of informed persons––it is accessible to teachers and interested laypeople, as well as to academics.

Anchoring himself firmly on the ever-contested space of Indian Law and Legal Processes, and drawing substantive support from his rich and varied experience as a Law Enforcement Officer in the Police Department of Tamil Nadu, India, the author, V. Sithannan in presenting this scholarly work, has sought to fulfill the legitimate requirements of Police Officers, Advocates, Judicial Officers, Social Activists, NGOs, Gender Activists and the general public. The Author's utopian ideal that no innocent person should be punished and no offender should go unpunished is the dominant message of the book. For this purpose, the Author has given a balanced treatment of the whole problem of crime and its investigation. The book contains 27 Chapters and 4 Annexures. For example, the 1st Chapter deals with the origin, growth and development of Military and Police and the succeeding chapters elaborate the structure, powers and the duties of police, the conduct of investigation, the first information report, the jurisdictional limitations of police, dying declaration, inquest, search and seizure, examination of witnesses, arrest, interrogation, confession, bail, remand and custody, test identification parade, tender of pardon to approver, letter rogatory, extradition, burden of proof and presumptions, Police diaries, final report, further investigation and maintenance of Police records. The comparative chart given to aid the Police Officers to conclude whether death is suicidal or homicidal or accidental in all forms of death that are encountered by the Police while conducting investigation will be of immense use with scientific accuracy. Another Chart provided indicating the procedural steps starting from the collection of evidence through the final analysis of the whole crime and its commission would surely empower the investigating officers with fool-proof methods of investigation.

After leading a sheltered life for sixteen years, Pessi, Bertie, Randy and Maachh are thrust into the world of the National Defence Academy. Soon they realize that life here is not just about spit and polish, but six terms of adventure and achievement. It is about soaring ambition and tough challenges, a punishing regimen and endless Puttie Parades. However, rugged training and severe ragging cannot keep their spirits down for long. Weaving yarns about imaginary girlfriends, bragging about their escapades and sexual exploits, they turn from greenhorns to tough soldiers. United by their experience, these comrades-in-arms form a bond for life. Tanushree Podder, in this tongue-in-cheek saga of youth, camaraderie and'growing-up', skillfully reconstructs life at NDA - where boys become men of honour.

This edition profiles living persons in the physical and biological fields, as well as public health scientists, engineers, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists.

This book examines the life and thought of Ahmad Riza Khan (1856 - 1921), the legendary leader of the 20th-century Ahl-e Sunnat movement, who represented a strong tendency in South Asian Islam which is sufi, ritualistic, intercessionary, and hierarchical in its social construction. Khan's vision of what it meant to be a good Muslim in his time and day was centered around devotion to the Prophet Muhammad and to following the prophetic sunna as he interpreted it. His movement continues to attract a large following in South Asia and wherever South Asian Muslims have migrated.

Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians represent three of every four immigrants who arrived in the United States after 1970. Yet despite their large numbers and long history of movement to America, non-Europeans are conspicuously absent from many books about immigration.In Other Immigrants, David M. Reimers offers the first comprehensive account of non-European immigration, chronicling the compelling and diverse stories of frequently overlooked Americans. Reimers traces the early history of Black, Hispanic, and Asian immigrants from the fifteenth century through World War II, when racial hostility led to the virtual exclusion of Asians and aggression towards Blacks and Hispanics. He then tells the story of post-1945 immigration, when these groups dominated the immigration statistics and began to reshape American society.The capstone to a lifetime of groundbreaking work on immigration, Reimers's thoughtful history recognizes the ambiguity and subjectivity of race, noting that individuals often define themselves more complexly than census forms allow. However classified, record numbers of immigrants are streaming to the United States and creating the most diverse society in the world. Other Immigrants is a timely account of their arrival.

The main purpose of this book is to give food technologists in industry and students in training a comprehensive review of research findings by Australian workers in government, university and industrial laboratories from 1900 to 1990. To further its aims as a reference book, detailed bibliographies of some 1400 research papers have been compiled particularly for the period prior to access of references through databases. Another aim was to draw attention to the many contributions which brought international recognition to their authors; particularly those who did not have the advantage s of modern separation, analytical and computational techniques.