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This book provides a comprehensive overview for postgraduate students, academic staff and industry professionals working on spiro compounds. This book covers a wide range of topics regarding these compounds, such as nomenclature, synthesis strategies, and their applications. The book includes modern, up-to-date information, dating from 2000 to the present. This extensive collection will inspire both academics and industrialists to contribute to future advances.

The book comprises three parts. Part 1 gives a historical description of the development of ironworking techniques since the earliest times. Part 2 is the core of the book and deals with the metallurgical basis of microstructures, with four main themes: phase diagrams, solidification processes, diffusion, and solid state phase transformations. Part 3 begins by an introduction to steel design principles. It then goes on to consider the different categories of steels, placing emphasis on their specific microstructural features. Finally, a comprehensive reference list includes several hundred pertinent articles and books. The book is the work of a single author, thus ensuring uniformity and concision. It is intended for scientists, metallurgical engineers and senior technicians in research and development laboratories, design offices and quality departments, as well as for teachers and students in universities, technical colleges and other higher education establishments.

L'élaboration et la mise en œuvre des aciers et des fontes continuent de poser des défis à la métallurgie. Grâce à l'apport technologique de la microscopie électronique, elle peut être explorée dans ses moindres détails. L'interprétation d'une micrographie requiert une large culture métallurgique car souvent de nombreuses transformations ont laissé des traces à différentes échelles d'observation. Ce livre propose une présentation des notions fondamentales nécessaires à cet effet. Sa partie principale est consacrée aux notions fondamentales de métallurgie structurale de façon à fournir toutes les bases de raisonnement. La dernière partie est un guide pour comprendre et discuter l'optimisation des familles d'aciers et de fontes, définir leurs caractéristiques micrographiques en fonction de leurs propriétés d'emploi. Cette nouvelle édition révisée permettra aux spécialistes de l'expertise et du contrôle de s'appuyer sur une compréhension scientifique rigoureuse. Le livre assistera les ingénieurs de l'industrie pour le développement de nouveaux aciers, les enseignants en leur fournissant une large base d'exemples illustrant la métallurgie. Il ouvrira aux étudiants le monde des aciers et des fontes en leur faisant parcourir de façon pédagogique un vaste domaine de connaissances métallurgiques.

It is a widespread opinion among experts that (continuous) bounded cohomology cannot be interpreted as a derived functor and that triangulated methods break down. The author proves that this is wrong. He uses the formalism of exact categories and their derived categories in order to construct a classical derived functor on the category of Banach $G$-modules with values in Waelbroeck's abelian category. This gives us an axiomatic characterization of this theory for free, and it is a simple matter to reconstruct the classical semi-normed cohomology spaces out of Waelbroeck's category. The author proves that the derived categories of right bounded and of left bounded complexes of Banach $G$-modules are equivalent to the derived category of two abelian categories (one for each boundedness condition), a consequence of the theory of abstract truncation and hearts of $t$-structures. Moreover, he proves that the derived categories of Banach $G$-modules can be constructed as the homotopy categories of model structures on the categories of chain complexes of Banach $G$-modules, thus proving that the theory fits into yet another standard framework of homological and homotopical algebra.

Title from e-book title screen (viewed on Feb. 22, 2006).