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Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that “traditional” knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwide will be interested in this dynamic content. The field (and thus the market) of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has grown considerably in recent years. Student interest is on the rise, attendance at professional conferences has grown steadily, and the number of professionals calling themselves ethnobotanists has increased significantly. Various societies of such professionals include the Society for Economic Botany, the International Society of Ethnopharmacology, the Society of Ethnobiology, the International Society for Ethnobiology, and many regional and national societies in the field that currently have thousands of members. Growth has been most robust in BRIC countries.The objective of this new MRW on Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions is to take advantage of the increasing international interest and scholarship in the field of mountain research. We anticipate including the best and latest research on a full range of descriptive, methodological, theoretical, and applied research on the most important plants for each region. Each contribution will be scientifically rigorous and contribute to the overall field of study.

Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs. Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading. The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen. All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included: All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications. The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure. Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes: Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4 Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8 Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5 Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9

As a first step towards conservation and sustainable utilization of biodiversity, documentation of flora and fauna of the region attains top priority. In this context floristic studies of a particular area/region are vital for conservation of native and endemic species of flora and for bringing awareness about the value of wild plants and their uses. For any floristic study authentic identification/recognition of plants in the field is a major challenge since there are a large number of vernacular and common names for the same species as well as different plant species have the same common name. Hence, besides the taxonomic description, to facilitate field identification for the first time the Book provides original photographs of all the plants recorded in the flora illustrating morphology of leaf, flower and fruits besides their common names, vernacular names in Hindi and Sanskrit, habit, habitat and distribution. Also provided for each species are chemical properties, medicinal properties and folklore and traditional medicinal uses which have been compiled from extensive literature search. The book also provides a Glossary of medical and taxonomic terms used as well as an appendix giving the properties of medicinal plant species used for various diseases and ailments in traditional and folk systems of medicines. It is hoped that the book will be equally useful to undergraduate and postgraduate students, teachers, and researchers of Botany/Plant taxonomy/Ethnobotany/Ayurveda/Biochemistry in Colleges and Universities in India and elsewhere and it will generate interest in local plants and their conservation.

The book provides essential information on some of the promising edible medicinal plants and how these possess both nutritional as well as therapeutic value. The significance of the edible plants in traditional medicine and the importance of the distribution of their chemical constituents are discussed systematically concerning the role of these plants in ethnomedicine in different regions of the world. The current volume deals with the individual plants'phytochemical and pharmacological properties, emphasizing human health. The title would demonstrate the value of natural edible plants and introduce readers to state-of-the-art developments and trends in omics-driven research. This book is a single-source scientific reference to explore the specific factors that contribute to these potential health benefits and discuss how to maximize those potential benefits. Chemists, food technologists, pharmacologists, phytochemists, and all professionals involved with quality controland standardization will find in this book a valuable and updated basis for their work.

Phytoconstituents and Antifungals covers a wide range of specific information on various phytoconstituents, their antifungal mode and the diagnosis and management of fungal infections. The book offers encouragement and empowers readers to re-embrace their knowledge of phytoconstituents and their various antifungal activities against most opportunistic pathogenic fungi as fungal diseases cause an estimated 1.5+ million deaths annually and over one billion people suffer from severe fungal disease. In this complex scenario, it is now clear that global warming and accompanying climate changes have resulted in increased incidence of many fungal infections. On the basis of all these factors, concerns on the occurrence of a pandemic fungal origin in the near future have been raised. In this context, to stop forgetting and underestimating fungal diseases is mandatory. - Provides readers with up-to-date information on different phytoconstituents over fungal strain - Collectively addresses important and updated material on fungal diseases - Conveys the knowledge needed to understand and improve success in managing and combating fungal diseases worldwide

Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that “traditional” knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwide will be interested in this website and its dynamic content.The field (and thus the market) of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has grown considerably in recent years. Student interest is on the rise, attendance at professional conferences has grown steadily, and the number of professionals calling themselves ethnobotanists has increased significantly (the various societies, like the Society for Economic Botany, the International Society of Ethnopharmacology, the Society of Ethnobiology, and the International Society for Ethnobiology currently have thousands of members). Growth has been most robust in BRIC countries.This new MRW on Ethnobotany of the Himalayas takes advantage of the increasing international interest and scholarship in the field of mountain research. It includes the best and latest research on a full range of descriptive, methodological, theoretical, and applied research on the most important plants in the Himalayas. Each contribution is scientifically rigorous and contributes to the overall field of study.

The present revised edition of the book Encyclopaedia of World Medicinal Plants gives an account of medicinal uses of plants of all the countries on Planet Earth. Medicinal uses of more than 4000 species are given in the book. The species are arranged alphabetically. Under each plant the valid name, synonyms, family, brief description (for identification), distribution in the world and India, flowering and fruiting season, Sanskrit name, local names, trade name, names in other languages, medicinal uses and chemistry are given. For many medicinal plants detailed propagation methods have also been given. Chemical structures of compounds of medicinal importance have been provided for many plants. Line drawings of more than 500 plants and photographs of more than 300 plants (mostly Indian) are also given. An extensive bibliography has been given at the end. Index to synonyms, index to Sanskrit names, index to local names, index to trade names have been given for easy location. Some important medical terms have also been provided. Information on medicinal plants trade is given. The book also includes addresses of Traders in Medicinal plants and Pharmaceuticals (both in India and Abroad). List of plants used for different ailments are also given.

The demand for medicinal plants is increasing, and this leads to unscrupulous collection from the wild and adulteration of supplies. Providing high-quality planting material for sustainable use and thereby saving the genetic diversity of plants in the wild is important. In this regard, the methods of propagation of some important medicinal plants are provided along with the traditional methods of propagation. Indian Medicinal Plants: Uses and Propagation Aspects offers a unique compendium of more than 270 medicinal plant species from India with detailed taxonomic classifications based on the Bentham and Hooker system of classification.Salient Features: Provides traditional methods of propagation and discusses the propagation of medicinal plants Presents plant properties, plant parts and chemical constituents Describes the medicinal uses of more than 270 medicinal plant species from India This book is of special interest to practitioners of alternative medicine, students of Ayurveda, researchers and industrialists associated with medical botany, pharmacologists, sociologists and medical herbalists.

Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that “traditional” knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwide will be interested in this dynamic content. The field (and thus the market) of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has grown considerably in recent years. Student interest is on the rise, attendance at professional conferences has grown steadily, and the number of professionalscalling themselves ethnobotanists has increased significantly. Various societies of such professionals include the Society for Economic Botany, the International Society of Ethnopharmacology, the Society of Ethnobiology, the International Society for Ethnobiology, and many regional and national societies in the field that currently have thousands of members. Growth has been most robust in BRIC countries.This new MRW on Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions covers the best and latest research and scholarship in the field of mountain research. It offers a full range of descriptive, methodological, theoretical, and applied research on the most important plants for each region. Each contribution was examined with scientific rigor and contributes to the overall field of study.

Medicinal plants and plant-derived medicines are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Medicinal Plants of the World is a comprehensive and scientifically accurate guide to the best-known and most important medicinal plants, including those of special commercial or historical interest.

This title was first published in 2003. In laboratories around the world the active principles in traditional herbal medicines are being isolated and characterized. A systematic effort at the Chinese Academy of Sciences is underway to identify the structure-activity relationships that result from the link between chemistry and medicine that is permitted by this data. This book, which provides the only systematic English-language description of the chemical structures and pharmacological effects of compounds active in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), is now in its second edition. The new edition provides English-language monographs on over 9000 chemicals isolated from nearly 4000 natural sources used in Chinese medicine and features the addition of in-depth bioactivity data for many of the compounds. Effects and indications of the medicines are included. Extensive indexing permits cross-referencing among English, Chinese and Latin names for natural medicinal sources, effects and indications, and the chemical components of the medicines. The second edition of Traditional Chinese Medicines includes 2300 new compounds, 2400 additional plant sources, more CAS Registry Numbers, and more pharmacological data. The structure of the book has been extensively reorganised to make cross referencing the data much simpler. This new edition is therefore a substantial improvement on the first edition of this important reference on the structural chemistry of traditional Chinese medicines.

Exotic Fruits Reference Guide is the ultimate, most complete reference work on exotic fruits from around the world. The book focuses on exotic fruit origin, botanical aspects, cultivation and harvest, physiology and biochemistry, chemical composition and nutritional value, including phenolics and antioxidant compounds. This guide is in four-color and contains images of the fruits, in addition to their regional names and geographical locations. Harvest and post-harvest conservation, as well as the potential for industrialization, are also presented as a way of stimulating interest in consumption and large scale production. - Covers exotic fruits found all over the world, described by a team of global contributors - Provides quick and easy access to botanical information, biochemistry, fruit processing and nutritional value - Features four-color images throughout for each fruit, along with its regional name and geographical location - Serves as a useful reference for researchers, industrial practitioners and students

Medicinal plants and plant-derived medicine are widely used in traditional cultures all over the world and they are becoming increasingly popular in modern society as natural alternatives to synthetic chemicals. As more and more natural remedies are being commercialised, there is a need for a user-friendly reference guide to the plants and their products. The book gives the reader a bird's eye view of more than 350 of the best known medicinal plants of the world and their uses, in a compact, colourful and scientifically accurate reference text. It provides quick answers to the most obvious questions: Where does this plant originate? What does it look like? In which culture is it traditionally used? What is it used for? Which chemical compounds does it contain? How safe is it? What is known about its pharmacological activity? What evidence is there that it is effective? The authors also provide short overviews of the various health conditions for which medicinal plants are used and the active compounds (secondary metabolites) found in the plants and their modes of actions. This new edition has an additional 30 plant species, many new and improved photographs and the text has been fully updated to reflect the latest regulatory status of each plant.

The role of animals in food and agricultural development programmes is underrated almost everywhere throughout the world despite the increasing demand, especially in developing countries, for all the different animal products and services. Livestock play an important part in securing the livelihoods of poor farmers around the world. Integrating the production of fishery products, livestock (animals) and plants can enhance yields, and improve overall food security and income for rural livelihood. This book will be very useful for researcher, scientists, students and all such entrepreneurs who are working in the field of livestocks.

Livestock are important contributors to total food production. Moreover, their contribution increases at a higher rate than that of cereals. Recent increases in livestock products appear to be even more spectacular than those achieved for cereals from the green revolution. Most notably, egg production has increased by more than 331 percent over the last two decades, compared with 127 percent for meat production, 78 percent for cereals and 113 percent for fish (equivalent to 58 percent of that of meat production). This book will be very useful for researcher, scientists, students and all such entrepreneurs who are working in the field of livestock's.

An Antimicrobial Property Of Plant Species Is A Key To Identify The Chemical Constituents Of Plant And On The Basis Of These Properties A Particular Medicinal Plant Is Used And Their Importance Is Known. Generally Most Of The Plant Species Possess Unique Properties Which May Be Useful For Various Treatments Of Disease And Insect Not Only In Human And Animal But Also In Crops. But Due Limited Information And Unknown Properties On Several Medicinal Plants Most Of Them Are Still Not Utilized. Present Book Antimicrobial Properties Of Medicinal Plants Consists 235 Medicinal Species Of Indian Forest Have Been Identified And Tested In Vitro And In Vivo For Their Antimicrobial Properties Against Bacterial And Fungal Pathogens Mostly Causing Diseases In Vegetables And Agricultural Crops. It Has Been Observed That Many Medicinal Plants Are Known By More Than One Local Name, Thereby Creating Confusion About Their Correct Botanical Identity. Several Books Are Available On The Properties And Uses Of Medicinal Plant However; Illustrations Given In Flora Are Either Hand Sketches Or Lacking Color Photographs Which Do Not Help In Identification Of Plants To Non Experts. Considering This Fact, The Authors Have Incorporated Colour Photographs In This Book.

The incidence and severity of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, presenting a significant burden to society both in economic terms and overall well-being. Fortunately, time-tested anti-diabetes mellitus plant foods exist that are safe and could be effective in addressing this condition when consumed judiciously with a concomitant change in lifestyle. Plants with Anti-Diabetes Mellitus Properties presents an exhaustive compilation of the anti-diabetes mellitus activities of more than 1000 plants occurring worldwide. The author provides a brief botanical description, distribution, pharmacological properties, and phytochemicals, where appropriate. A list of traditional medicinal plants used to treat diabetes, but not tested for anti-diabetic activity, is also given. This unique reference highlights anti-diabetes mellitus plant foods along with a list of the edible parts of plants with anti-diabetes mellitus properties. Anti-diabetes mellitus nutraceuticals are described with guidelines for the development of food supplements and formulations of diets appropriate for diabetic patients. This is a valuable source of information for researchers, students, doctors, diabetic patients, and other individuals wanting to learn more about plant-based treatments for diabetes mellitus.

'This kind of systematic work is exactly what is needed for people to help bridge traditional Ayurvedic practice with modern science.'Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Nobel laureate, current president of the Royal Society and group leader at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, UKAyurvedic Pharmacopoe

La réglementation nationale et internationale encadrant la distribution et l'utilisation des plantes est en constante évolution. Les études épidémiologiques se multiplient, tendant à établir une relation entre micronutriments végétaux et prévention de pathologies variées, voire ralentissement de leur évolution. Enfin, le développement de la vente en ligne doit inciter les consommateurs à la prudence quant à la fiabilité des informations qui leur sont données.La 5e édition de Pharmacognosie, Phytochimie, Plantes Médicinales fait le point sur toutes ces avancées. Les découvertes récentes les plus marquantes sont abordées, notamment celles concernant les voies de biosynthèse des métabolites dits « secondaires », en particulier les polyphénols. L'emploi de certaines plantes ayant régressé (des plantes à alcaloïdes par exemple), la place qui leur est attribuée a été réduite et, parallèlement, de nouvelles plantes ont été introduites (argousier, bacopa, dioscorées, kudzu, maca, pélargonium, rhodiole, etc.).Les données relatives à l'évaluation clinique, aux effets indésirables et aux interactions médicamenteuses des plantes, des substances chimiquement définies qu'elles fournissent et de leurs homologues hémisynthétiques ont été actualisées.Toutes les monographies sont présentées selon un plan systématisé — la plante, la partie utilisée, le contrôle, la composition, la pharmacologie, l'évaluation clinique, l'emploi — et s'achèvent par une bibliographie : 1 800 références parues de 2010 à 2015 sont citées.

A fully illustrated, scientifically accurate guide to 360 of the most important medicinal and mind-altering plants and plant poisons.

Plants have been used to treat disease throughout human history. On a clay slab that dates back approximately five thousand years, the Sumerians recorded medicinal recipes that made use of hundreds of plants, including poppy, henbane, and mandrake. During the Middle Ages, monks commonly grew and prescribed plants such as sage, anise, and mint in their monasteries. And as the market for herbal remedies and natural medicine grows, we continue to search the globe for plants and plant compounds to combat our various ailments. In Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons, Ben-Erik van Wyk offers a richly illustrated, scientific guide to medicinal and poisonous plants, including those used for their mind-altering effects. Van Wyk covers approximately 350 species—from Aloe vera and Ephedra sinica to Cannabis sativa and Coffea arabica—detailing their botanical, geographical, pharmacological, and toxicological data as well as the chemical structures of the active compounds in each. Readers learn, for example, that Acacia senegal, or gum acacia, is used primarily in Sudan and Ethiopia as a topical ointment to protect the skin and mucosa from bacterial and fungal infections, and that Aconitum napellus, more commonly known as aconite, is used in cough syrups but can be psychedelic when smoked or absorbed through the skin. With 350 full-color photographs featuring the plants and some of their derivative products, Phytomedicines, Herbal Drugs, and Poisons will be an invaluable reference not only for those in the health care field but also for those growing their own medicinal herb gardens, as well as anyone who needs a quick answer to whether a plant is a panacea or a poison.

Traditional Chinese medicine has been used for thousands of years by a large population. It is currently still serving many of the health needs of the Chinese people; and still enjoying their confi­ dence it is practised in China in parallel with modern Western medical treatment. In addition to scientific organisations dedi­ cated to modern Western medicine, e. g. the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and various medical schools, a series of parallel institutions have been established in China to promote traditional Chinese medicine, such as the Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and training institutions. Almost all hospitals in China have a department of traditional medicine. Furthermore, a large number of scientific journals are dedicated to traditional Chinese medicine, covering both experimental and clinical investigations. Medicinal materials constitute a key topic in the treatment of disease according to traditional Chinese medicine. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1985 edition) is therefore divided into two sepa­ rate volumes, Volume I containing traditional Chinese medicinal materials and preparations and Volume II containing pharmaceu­ tics of Western medicine. The oldest Chinese review of medicinal materials, Shennong Bencao Jing (100-200 A. D.), covered 365 herbal drugs. The clas­ sic compilation in this field, Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica), was published in 1578 by Li Shi-zhen and recorded as many as 1898 crude drugs of plant, animal and min­ eral origin.

Not since the late 1970s has a single work presented the biology of this heterogenous group of secondary alkaloids in such depth. Alkaloids, a unique treatise featuring leaders in the field, presents both the historical use of alkaloids and the latest discoveries in the biochemistry of alkaloid production in plants alkaloid ecology, including marine invertebrates, animal and plant parasites, and alkaloids as antimicrobial and current medicinal use. Highlights include chapters on the chemical ecology of alkaloids in host-predator interactions, and on the compartmentation of alkaloids synthesis, transport, and storage. Extensive cross-referencing in tabular format makes this volume an excellent reference.

In primitive human societies, the process of acquiring knowledge about plants and medicinal utility was initiated concomitantly. Later both diverged from each other. The former led to the foundation of plant science and latter to medicine. Medicine developed from the desire and effort to heal human ailments and as such, origin of medicine is natural and traditional. Knowledge of medicine gradually developed in some organized systems of medicine worldwide. These systems are based on their own theories, principles and practices. Indian medicinal system, Ayurveda, is a proud heritage of India. Although so, the treasure of Ayurveda has passed through the vicissitudes of time and various reigns. The present book is an attempt to collate information on herbs, generally mentioned in Ayurvedic literature and those found in the Maharashtra. Their chemical constituents, exact botanical identity, local plant names, parts used, phenology, besides properties and uses of drugs. It will be useful to the students, teachers, research workers in the faculty of medicine and science, apart from pharmaceutical industries and enthusiasts. About 450 plant species have been carefully presented to help enhance the science of Ayurveda in particular.

This book continues as volume 5 of a multicompendium on Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. It covers edible fruits/seeds used fresh, cooked or processed as vegetables, cereals, spices, stimulant, edible oils and beverages. It covers selected species from the following families: Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Cunoniaceae, Lythraceae, Papaveraceae, Poaceae, Polygalaceae, Polygonaceae, Proteaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Salicaceae, Santalaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae and Zingiberaceae. This work will be of significant interest to scientists, medical practitioners, pharmacologists, ethnobotanists, horticulturists, food nutritionists, botanists, agriculturists, conservationists, lecturers, students and the general public. Topics covered include: taxonomy; common/English and vernacular names; origin and distribution; agroecology; edible plant parts and uses; botany; nutritive/pharmacological properties, medicinal uses, nonedible uses; and selected references.

Dietary anthocyanins and flavonoids in vegetables, fruits and grains have their diverse functions in human dietary life. Topics discussed in this book include original findings and reviews in the distributions, extractions, separations, characterization, stability, functions, and regulations of the biosynthetic enzymes by anthocyanins and flavonoids, food colors, and molecular biology. Kiwifruits, muscadine berries, Justicia species, strawberries, a Brazilian fruit of jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), jujube berry fruits, grapes, bilberries, taro as a vegetable and corn and other fruits have been included in this book.

The first edition of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources was published in a period of renewed attention to biologically active compounds of natural origin. This trend has continued and intensified-natural products are again under the spotlight, in particular for their possible pharmacological applications. Largely focusing on natural products

Volume 3 of the Encyclopedia of the Alkaloids covers the literature to the end of October 1976 and includes a large number of these compounds which have been discovered since the first two volumes were published in 1975. There are some entries where recent work has resulted in new structures being put forward or where additional details regarding compounds have been provided. Additional references to compounds given in the first two volumes are marked with an asterisk. The opportunity has also been taken to provide a formula index covering all three volumes. It is a great pleasure to thank Academician Professor S. Yu. Yunusov of the Institute of Chemistry at the University of Tashkent, Uzbekistan, for pointing out a number of errors in the two previous volumes and for kindly providing me with invaluable detailed information of the alkaloids which have been isolated and studied by Soviet chemists over many years.

Toxic Plants of North America, Second Edition is an up-to-date, comprehensive reference for both wild and cultivated toxic plants on the North American continent. In addition to compiling and presenting information about the toxicology and classification of these plants published in the years since the appearance of the first edition, this edition significantly expands coverage of human and wildlife—both free-roaming and captive—intoxications and the roles of secondary compounds and fungal endophytes in plant intoxications. More than 2,700 new literature citations document identification of previously unknown toxicants, mechanisms of intoxication, additional reports of intoxication problems, and significant changes in the classification of plant families and genera and associated changes in plant nomenclature. Toxic Plants of North America, Second Edition is a comprehensive, essential resource for veterinarians, toxicologists, agricultural extension agents, animal scientists, and poison control professionals.

The cyanogenic glycosides, here defined as glycosidic derivatives of iX-hydroxynitriles, represent a rather limited class of natural products, which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and, to a small ex­ tent, even in animals. A characteristic feature of these glycosides is their ability to release hydrocyanic acid on treatment with dilute acids or appropriate enzymes. The term'cyanogenic'is used to designate this property, regardless of whether pure substances, plants, or animals, are serving as the source. In the latter cases the term'cyanophoric'is occasionally employed synonymously. Cyanogenesis in plants was probably first discovered by SCHRADER in 1803 (Io3) working with bitter almonds. In 1830, ROBIQUET and BOUTRON-CHARLARD (IOO) succeeded in isolating the parent glycoside, namely amygdalin. Over the years, a total of 18 cyanogenic glycosides have been isolated and characterized more or less completely (Table I, p. 76). It will be noted that the majority of these compounds has been isolated in the era of classical organic chemistry and that progress in.discovering new compounds, not to mention new structural types, has been surprisingly slow. It is worth remembering here that the mechanism ·of cyanogenesis has been established only in the minority of known cyanogenic species. The cyanogenic glycosides have last been reviewed in 1958 by DILLE­ MANN (36). Since then, no complete reviews in this field have appeared. It is the purpose of the present article to survey the more recent ad­ vances and, hopefully, to stimulate continued interest in these interesting.compounds.

The volumes of this classic series, now referred to simply as'Zechmeister” after its founder, L. Zechmeister, have appeared under the Springer Imprint ever since the series'inauguration in 1938. The volumes contain contributions on various topics related to the origin, distribution, chemistry, synthesis, biochemistry, function or use of various classes of naturally occurring substances ranging from small molecules to biopolymers. Each contribution is written by a recognized authority in his field and provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the topic in question. Addressed to biologists, technologists, and chemists alike, the series can be used by the expert as a source of information and literature citations and by the non-expert as a means of orientation in a rapidly developing discipline.

The Indian population has used Ayurvedic herbs for centuries, but now modern scientific work has led to recognition and acceptance at a global level. The major cause of the increased popularity of Ayurvedic medicine stems from recent scientific validation and its potential in lifestyle management. This growth in research in India and worldwide has

This set of six volumes provides a systematic and standardized description of 23,033 chemical components isolated from 6,926 medicinal plants, collected from 5,535 books/articles published in Chinese and international journals. A chemical structure with stereo-chemistry bonds is provided for each chemical component, in addition to conventional information, such as Chinese and English names, physical and chemical properties. It includes a name list of medicinal plants from which the chemical component was isolated. Furthermore, abundant pharmacological data for nearly 8,000 chemical components are presented, including experimental method, experimental animal, cell type, quantitative data, as well as control compound data. The seven indexes allow for complete cross-indexing. Regardless whether one searches for the molecular formula of a compound, the pharmacological activity of a compound, or the English name of a plant, the information in the book can be retrieved in multiple ways.

This set of six volumes provides a systematic and standardized description of 23,033 chemical components isolated from 6,926 medicinal plants, collected from 5,535 books/articles published in Chinese and international journals. A chemical structure with stereo-chemistry bonds is provided for each chemical component, in addition to conventional information, such as Chinese and English names, physical and chemical properties. It includes a name list of medicinal plants from which the chemical component was isolated. Furthermore, abundant pharmacological data for nearly 8,000 chemical components are presented, including experimental method, experimental animal, cell type, quantitative data, as well as control compound data. The seven indexes allow for complete cross-indexing. Regardless whether one searches for the molecular formula of a compound, the pharmacological activity of a compound, or the English name of a plant, the information in the book can be retrieved in multiple ways.

While some of the most commonly investigated- and most notorious- chemicals in the world are alkaloids, many modern medicines are also based on alkaloid structures. Chemists continue to explore new synthetic routes and alkaloid derivatives in search of drug candidates for fighting disease. Drawn from the venerable Dictionary of Natural Products, th

Cette quatrième édition de Pharmacognosie, phytochimie, plantes médicinales a été profondément revue, restructurée et augmentée de 150 pages. Elle s'est enrichie des connaissances accumulées en une décennie sur les plantes et leurs produits d'usage récent ou confirmé. Comme les précédentes, la présente édition est construite sur les filiations biosynthétiques et évoque les différentes classes de métabolites primaires et secondaires des végétaux. Elle actualise les données botaniques, chimiques, analytiques, pharmacologiques et cliniques des plantes utilisées à des fins thérapeutiques aussi bien que l'évolution de la réglementation.Intégrant les données de l'édition 2008 de la Pharmacopée européenne et de ses quatre premiers suppléments (07/2009), elle inclut les conclusions des travaux du Comité européen des médicaments à base de plante mis en place après 2004 au sein de l'Agence européenne du médicament. Pour permettre aux professionnels de santé et aux utilisateurs de plantes de'bien utiliser les plantes en situation de soins', cette quatrième édition privilégie les données factuelles leur permettant d'évaluer, au cas par cas, la balance bénéfices-risques. C'est ainsi qu'une place majeure est désormais accordée à l'évaluation clinique, aux effets indésirables et aux conditions d'emploi des plantes médicinales. Sans négliger pour autant les substances chimiquement définies obtenues à partir de ces plantes, ni leurs homologues hémisynthétiques ou synthétiques.Cet ouvrage a remporté le Prix Prescrire du livre pharmaceutique et médical 2010.

This series is world-renowned as the leading compilation of current reviews of this vast field. Internationally acclaimed for more than 40 years, The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Biology, founded by the late Professor R.H.F. Manske, continues to provide outstanding coverage of this rapidly expanding field. Each volume provides, through its distinguished authors, up-to-date and detailed coverage of particular classes or sources of alkaloids. - Comprehensive, up-to-date reviews - Contributions from leading authors in their respective fields - Broad coverage of the chemical and biological aspects of important natural products

This mini-encyclopedia contains more than 1,500 alphabetical entries from the entire field of peptide science in one handy volume, as well as the technical terms, acronyms and concepts used in peptide chemistry. It also features the complete sequence of more than 800 peptides, numerous illustrations and numerous cross-references. Areas covered include: - biological peptides and small proteins - peptide hormones - pharmaceutical peptides - peptide antibiotics - peptide inhibitors - peptide reagents - peptide tags - structural classes - synthesis and purification - analytical methods - proteomics and peptidomics. Condensed yet accessible, only essential information is displayed, extensively linked via references to the recent scientific literature for further study.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued.

The Studies in Natural Products Chemistry series is a valuable source for researchers and engineers working in natural product and medicinal chemistry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry Volume 31: Indices Part A encompasses the contents of the previous 30 volumes published in the Studies in Natural Products series. To make searching easier, the book is divided into four separate indices: Cumulative General Subject Index; Cumulative Organic Synthesis Index; Cumulative Pharmacological Activity Index and; Cumulative Biological Source Index, allowing readers to easily locate required information. This volume and the series remain an important addition to any library.• Encompasses the contents of the previous 30 volumes published in the Studies in Natural Products series • The book is divided into four separate indices: Cumulative General Subject Index; Cumulative Organic Synthesis Index; Cumulative Pharmacological Activity Index and; Cumulative Biological Source Index • An important addition to any library

CRC Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants is a unique catalog that includes more than 15,000 phytochemical constituents from over 1,000 higher plant species. This volume covers all of the generally-recognized-as-safe (GRAS) herbs and at least 250 important food and medicinal plants. Each entry features the scientific name, one or more common names, a listing of phytochemical constituents, a single datum or range of quantitative data (wet-weight to dry-weight in parts per million), two-letter abbreviation identifying the plant part, and three-letter abbreviation(s) indicating the source(s) of the data. The extraordinary amount of data compiled into an easy-to-use tabular format makes the CRC Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants a volume useful to all pharmacologists, toxicologists, nutritionists, pharmacognicists, and food scientists.

Natural products play an integral and ongoing role in promoting numerous aspects of scientific advancement, and many aspects of basic research programs are intimately related to natural products. The significance, therefore, of the Studies in Natural Product Chemistry series, edited by Professor Atta-ur-Rahman, cannot be overestimated. This volume, in accordance with previous volumes, presents us with cutting-edge contributions of great importance.

In an ever-increasing domain of activity Amino Acids Peptides and Proteins provides an annual compilation of the world's research effort into this important area of biological chemistry. Volume 31 provides a review of literature published during 1998. Comprising a comprehensive review of significant developments at this biology/chemistry interface each volume opens with an overview of amino acids and their applications. Work on peptides is reviewed over several chapters ranging from current trends in their synthesis and conformational and structural analysis to peptidomimetics and the discovery of peptide-related molecules in nature. The application of advanced techniques in structural elucidation is incorporated into all chapters whilst periodic chapters on metal complexes of amino acids, peptides and beta-lactams extend the scope of coverage. Efficient searching of specialist topics is facilitated by the sub-division of chapters into discrete subject areas allowing annual trends to be monitored. All researchers in the pharmaceutical and allied industries and at the biology/chemistry interface in academia will find this an indispensable reference source.

The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology

Internationally acclaimed for more than 40 years, this Series, founded by the late Professor R.H.F. Manske, continues to provide outstanding coverage of the rapidly expanding field of the chemotaxonomy, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis, and biology of all classes of alkaloids from higher and lower plants, marine organisms, or various terrestrial animals. Each volume provides, through its distinguished authors, up-to-date and detailed coverage of particular classes or sources of alkaloids. Over the years, this Series has become the standard in natural product chemistry to which all other book series aspire. The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Pharmacology endures as an essential reference for all naturalproduct chemists and biologists who have an interest in alkaloids, their diversity, and their unique biological profile. - Indispensable reference work written by leading experts in the field - Provides up-to-date, timely reviews on compounds and classes of great interest - Covers synthesis, biosynthesis, biology, as well as isolation and structure elucidation - An essential research tool for anyone working with alkaloids from a chemical or biological perspectiveperspective

This Dictionary draws and checks the structure diagrams to ensure their accuracy and consistency, and presents the data within entries of natural products in a logical manner which reconciles as far as possible inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the literature.

Containing fully authenticated data on virtually all known natural products, the'Dictionary of Natural Products', main work, published in 1993 was the end result of over 12 years compilation and editing by a large team of contributors. The resulting Dictionary contains 100,000 natural products and their derivatives organized into approximately 35,000 entries. Volume 9 of the Dictionary contains the result of a thorough review of the natural product literature for the year 1992-3, the results of which are presented as a mixture of new entries and updated entries containing modified information. The following categories of natural products are covered: amino acids, peptides and protiens; carbohydrates; nucleosides and nucleotides; lipids; antibiotics; alkaloids; steroids and terpenoids; flavonoids; lignans; lichen acids; coumarins; polyacetylenes; polypyrroles; semiochemicals and other miscellaneous aliphatic compounds; and all other classes of miscellaneous metabolites. A particular feature of the Dictionary is the care which has been taken to draw and check the structure diagrams to ensure their accuracy and consistency, and to present the data within entries in a logical manner which reconciles as far as possible inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the literature, as determined by the subject editors. Careful attention has also been taken with nomenclature to ensure user-friendly access to all of the data. All of the contents are fully indexed by name, molecular formula, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number and species from which isolated. An additional unique feature is the type of compound classification scheme which has been evolved for this Dictionary to list all natural products under one or more headings, bringing closely related compounds together under one index heading. Extensive references, labelled to show their content, are listed for each entry, allowing rapid location of data of a particular type, e.g. spectroscopic information. The'Dictionary of Natural Products'is a reference source on natural products, with Volume 9 (the second supplementary volume) a useful addition to keep the Dictionary up-to-date.