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This book provides up-to-date information relevant to the analysis and design of adhesively bonded joints made up of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites using functionally graded adhesive (FGA). Damage behaviors in adhesively bonded joints of laminated FRP composites have been addressed, and joint configurations have been modeled using special finite elements (FEs) and multipoint constraint elements to simulate the contact behavior. Detailed 3D finite element analyses (FEAs) have been presented for different adhesively bonded joint structures along with guidelines for effective design philosophy of adhesively bonded joints in laminated FRP structures using FGA.Features: Provides a thorough and systematic discussion on the functionally graded adhesive and its joints. Discusses analytical modeling and numerical analyses of the joints. Details 3D stress and failure delamination analysis for composite analyses of functionally graded out-of-plane joints under various combinations of loading. Illustrates FE modeling and simulation of interfacial failure and damage propagation in out-of-plane joints. Includes the effect of various gradation function profiles on damage growth driving forces (SERR). This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in composites, infrastructure engineering, bonding technology and mechanical/aerospace engineering.

Fiber-reinforced polymers play an important role in the progress of materials science. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer: Processes and Applications presents the science of fiber-reinforced polymer composites from the manufacturing stage to its applications. Apart from the fabrication of the composites, its machinability properties are also discussed. This book considers both natural and synthetic fibers in polymer composites, as well as their utility for different sectors such as automotive, aviation and biomedical engineering. In addition to the overview of fiber-reinforced polymers, engineering properties of these materials are discussed. The book also discusses the impact of environmental aspects such as moisture uptake on the properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Since nano-engineering is a hot topic in the field of composites, the benefits of nano-fibers are discussed, as well as their fabrication methods, properties and applications. Moreover, fiber selections in polymer matrices are discussed by considering the interactions between fibers and matrices, as well as taking their applications into account.

The proposed book focusses on the theme of failure of polymer composites, focusing on vital aspects of enhancing failure resistance, constituents and repair including associated complexities. It discusses characterization and experimentation of the composites under loading with respect to the specific environment and applications. Further, it includes topics as green composites, advanced materials and composite joint failure, buckling failure, and fiber-metal composite failure. It explains preparation, applications of composites for weight sensitive applications, leading to potential applications and formulations, fabrication of polymer products based on bio-resources. Provides exhaustive understanding of failure and fatigue of polymer composites Covers the failure of fiber reinforced polymer composites, composite joint failure, fiber-metal composite, and laminate failureDiscusses how to enhance the resistance against failure of the polymer composites Provides input to industry related and academic orientated research problems Represents an organized perspective and analysis of materials processing, material design, and their failure under loadingThis book is aimed at researchers, graduate students in composites, fiber reinforcement, failure mechanism, materials science, and mechanical engineering.

The book explores the effect of nanoscale matrix additives along the four levels of material formation, particle-resin interaction, the influence of nanoparticles on the processability of the polymer, the influence of nanoparticles on polymer curing and the influence of nanoparticles on the fiber plastic composite. Fiber-reinforced plastics have a significantly higher lightweight construction potential in components with a primary single- or biaxial stress state compared to isotropic metals. At the same time, their insensitivity to corrosion and their advantageous fatigue properties can help to reduce maintenance costs. Due to their outstanding specific mechanical properties, they are among today's high-performance lightweight construction materials. These properties make them particularly attractive in the field of mobility. However, as soon as the matrix properties dominate the mechanical properties, e.g. in the case of fibre-parallel compressive strength, significant weaknesses become apparent in the mechanical properties. Here, one approach is to significantly increase the matrix properties through nanoscale ceramic additives and at the same time to guarantee the processability of the resin.

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in infrastructure systems has grown considerably in recent years because of the durability of composite materials. New constituent materials, manufacturing techniques, design approaches, and construction methods are being developed and introduced in practice by the FRP composites community to cost-effectively build FRP structural systems. FRP Composite Structures: Theory, Fundamentals, and Design brings clarity to the analysis and design of these FRP composite structural systems to advance the field implementation of structural systems with enhanced durability and reduced maintenance costs. It develops simplified mathematical models representing the behavior of beams and plates under static loads, after introducing generalized Hooke's Law for materials with anisotropic, orthotropic, transversely isotropic, and isotropic properties. Subsequently, the simplified models coupled with design methods including FRP composite material degradation factors are introduced by solving a wide range of practical design problems. This book: Explores practical and novel infrastructure designs and implementations Uses contemporary codes recently approved Includes FRP case studies from around the world Ensures readers fully understand the basic mechanics of composite materials before involving large-scale number crunching Details several advanced topics including aging of FRPs, typical failures of structures including joints, and design simplifications without loss of accuracy and emphasis on failure modes Features end of chapter problems and solved examples throughout. This textbook is aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students and industry professionals focused on the analysis and design of FRP composite structural members. It features PowerPoint lecture slides and a solutions manual for adopting professors.

This book presents the basics of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). The author presents the material-specific advantages of FRP and the typical areas of their application. The problems created by conventional, non-integrating product development are listed and the author states how these problems are potentially overcome by integrated product development (IPD). In addition, it is explained why IPD is of particular importance for FRP. An approach to IPD for FRP-parts is presented. It is explained step by step how a catalogue of requirements is defined as well as how this basis is used to develop a concept, a design, and a final construction. Simple but effective methods for the selection of fiber materials, semi-finished products and manufacturing processes are highlighted in this book. A concluding chapter describes an approach to techno-economic evaluation. Throughout the book, practical application examples show the reader how to put the gained knowledge into practice.

The book highlights the recent research developments in biocomposite design, mechanical performance and utility. It discusses innovative experimental approaches along with mechanical designs and manufacturing aspects of various fibrous polymer matrix composites and presents examples of the synthesis and development of biocomposites and their applications. It is useful for researchers developing biocomposite materials for biomedical and environmental applications.

Durability of Composite Systems meets the challenge of defining these precepts and requirements, from first principles, to applications in a diverse selection of technical fields selected to form a corpus of concepts and methodologies that define the field of durability in composite material systems as a modern discipline. That discipline includes not only the classical rigor of mechanics, physics and chemistry, but also the critical elements of thermodynamics, data analytics, and statistical uncertainty quantification as well as other requirements of the modern subject. This book provides a comprehensive summary of the field, suited to both reference and instructional use. It will be essential reading for academic and industrial researchers, materials scientists and engineers and all those working in the design, analysis and manufacture of composite material systems. - Makes essential direct and detailed connections to modern concepts and methodologies, such as machine learning, systems controls, sustainable and resilient systems, and additive manufacturing - Provides a careful balance between theory and practice so that presentations of details of methodology and philosophy are always driven by a context of applications and examples - Condenses selected information regarding the durability of composite materials in a wide spectrum of applications in the automotive, wind energy, civil engineering, medical devices, electrical systems, aerospace and nuclear fields

Structures Strengthened with Bonded Composites presents a comprehensive resource on the strengthening of concrete, reinforced and prestressed concrete, masonry, steel and other composite structures using externally-bonded FRP composites. The book emphasizes a systematic and fundamental investigation on bonding and debonding behavior of the FRP-concrete interface and structural performances of FRP-strengthened structures with a combination of experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. This book will appeal to all those concerned with strengthening and retrofitting of existing structures from the effect of additional anticipated loads in the civil sector. - Discusses the FRP strengthening of different types of structures, including bridges, tunnels, buildings, historic structures and underwater constructions - Establishes a systematic theory on interfacial fracture mechanics and clarifies different debonding mechanisms - Describes design methods and makes comparison of design considerations and methods among different countries - Presents temperature and fatigue effects and long-term behavior for different strengthening methods

Science and Engineering of Short Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites, Second Edition, provides the latest information on the'short fiber reinforced composites'(SFRP) that have found extensive applications in automobiles, business machines, durable consumer items, sporting goods and electrical industries due to their low cost, easy processing and superior mechanical properties over parent polymers. This updated edition presents new developments in this field of research and includes new chapters on electrical conductivity, structural monitoring, functional properties, self-healing, finite element method techniques, multi-scale SFRCs, and both modern computational and process engineering methods. - Reviews the mechanical properties and functions of short fiber reinforced polymer composites (SFRP) - Examines recent developments in the fundamental mechanisms of SFRP's - Assesses major factors affecting mechanical performance, such as stress transfer and strength - Includes new chapters on electrical conductivity, structural monitoring, functional properties, self-healing, finite element method techniques, multi-scale SFRCs, modern computational methods, and process engineering methods

Natural Fiber Reinforced Vinyl Ester and Vinyl Polymer Composites: Characterization, Properties and Applications discusses recent advances on the development, characterization and application of natural fiber vinyl ester and vinyl polymers composites. Various types of vinyl ester and vinyl based polymers, such as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) are discussed. Chapters focus on different composite fabrication processes, such as compression moulding, hand lay-up, and pultrusion processes. Key themes covered include the properties and characterization of vinyl ester and vinyl polymers composites reinforced by natural fibers. The effect of fiber treatment and coupling agents on mechanical and physical properties of these materials is also evaluated. In addition to a determination of physical and mechanical properties, studies on thermal, degradation, swelling behavior, and the morphological properties of natural fiber reinforced vinyl ester and vinyl polymer composites is also presented. - Presents the importance of vinyl ester and vinyl-based polymers as matrices in natural fiber composites - Provides a detailed and comprehensive review on the development, characterization and applications of natural fiber vinyl ester and vinyl polymers composites - Looks at recent fabrication techniques and the mechanical properties of materials - Contains contributions from leading experts in the field

Biocomposites are exciting, “new” materials which have experienced a renaissance in the 21st century in response to the societal concerns regarding global warming and environmental pollution, shifting the focus towards materials made from renewable, biodegradable and recyclable resources. As a consequence, research and development of these materials has increased in recent years, which is reflected in their applications in various industries, particularly the automotive and construction industries. These materials are estimated to experience a compound annual growth rate of 11.7% in the next five years, which is almost double that of conventional composite materials over the same time period. This book attempts to increase the knowledge base of these materials, particularly in terms of their properties, performance and applications. It contains precisely referenced chapters, complete with illustrations and tables that maximize the reader's insight into the current state-of-the-art applications on biocomposites. The chapters have been written by the leading experts of this field with various backgrounds and expertise. Apart from review articles, the book also contains chapters on recent developments in this field. A distinguishing feature of this book is the emphasis on the uses of these materials in biomedical applications. This reference book is an invaluable source of guidance for researchers, academics and entrepreneurs working in the field of biocomposites.

Pultrusion is in principle a simple process to manufacture constant cross sectional fiber reinforced polymer composites. The process has a low labour content and a high raw material conversion efficiency since it is a continuous processing technique. Even if the pultrusion is conceptually quite simple, the analysis of its physics, dynamics and definition of optimal processing parameters, are complex tasks. Keeping the multi-physics and large amount of variables involved in the pultrusion process in mind, a satisfactory experimental analysis for the production requires considerable time which is obviously not a cost-efficient approach. In order to avoid the expensive trial-and-error approaches for designing new products and optimum process conditions, the development of computational process models is needed. This book focuses on the numerical modelling of the pultrusion process. State-of-the-art process models are reviewed and the governing principles are explained in a systematic way. The main challenges in pultrusion such as the process induced residual stresses, shape distortions, thermal history, species conversion, phase changes, impregnation of the reinforcements and pulling force are described and related examples are provided. Moreover, the strategies for having a reliable and optimised process using probabilistic approaches and optimisation algorithms are summarised. Another focus of this book is on the thermo-chemical and mechanical analyses of the pultrusion process for industrial profiles such as rectangular box section, L-shaped profile, I-beam, flat and round profiles in which the process induced stresses and dimensional variations together with the thermal and cure developments are highlighted.

Das Handbuch Faserverbundkunststoffe der AVK ist seit langem'das'Standardwerk für alle, die in diesem Marktsegment der Kunststoffindustrie beschäftigt sind. Es vermittelt die grundlegende Übersicht aller Themenbereiche rund um die Verarbeitung der sogenannten'Composites'. Der aktuelle Stand der Technik wird komprimiert zusammengefasst. Die Vielfältigkeit der Anwendungsgebiete von Bauteilen bzw. Produkten aus Faserverbundkunststoffen wird dabei herausgearbeitet und anschaulich dargestellt.Das Handbuch eignet sich für Einsteiger mit wenig Vorkenntnissen ebenso wie als Nachschlagewerk für das Alltagsgeschäft des Praktikers im Markt für Faserverbundkunststoffe.

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials has had a dramatic impact on civil engineering techniques over the past three decades. FRPs are an ideal material for structural applications where high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering outlines the latest developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites and their applications in civil engineering.Part one outlines the general developments of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) use, reviewing recent advancements in the design and processing techniques of composite materials. Part two outlines particular types of fiber-reinforced polymers and covers their use in a wide range of civil engineering and structural applications, including their use in disaster-resistant buildings, strengthening steel structures and bridge superstructures.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Developments in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for civil engineering is an essential text for researchers and engineers in the field of civil engineering and industries such as bridge and building construction. - Outlines the latest developments in fiber-reinforced polymer composites and their applications in civil engineering - Reviews recent advancements in the design and processing techniques of composite materials - Covers the use of particular types of fiber-reinforced polymers in a wide range of civil engineering and structural applications

Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite materials are basically of two types. The first type is short fibres reinforced in a plastic matrix, and the other type continuous (long) fibres reinforced in a plastic matrix. The exact distinction between a short and a continuous fibre is discussed in Chapter 1. Continuous fibre-reinforced composite materials are referred to by many labels: FRP composites, advanced composites, fibrous composites, composite materials or simply composites. These terms are now generally accepted to mean the same type of material, namely, continuous fibre reinforced in plastic. In this book, the term fibrous composites is used to define a continuous fibre reinforced in plastic. Fibrous composites are presently in use for a variety of structural applica­ tions, and may offer an alternative to conventional metallic materials. The behaviour of fibrous composites subjected to a loading condition is very different from that of a metallic isotropic material. Therefore,'new'analytical and testing methods are required to analyse a structural element and sections made from layered fibrous composites. There are a number of books written on the subject of composite materials. All of these are excellent in their content and achieve the authors'objectives.

Design with Reinforced Plastics is a comprehensive, accessible guide to fundamental aspects of designing for world markets with this increasingly important range of materials. This unique publication takes full account of the design implications of the single European market, as well as the rapidly changing effects of consumer protection and environmental legislation.

When fibres in a composite are discontinuous and are shorter than a few millimetres, the composite is called a'short fibre reinforced composite (SFRP)'. SFRPs have found extensive applications in automobiles, business machines, durable consumer items, sporting goods and electrical industries owing to their low cost, easy processing and superior mechanical properties over the parent polymers. The book summarises recent developments in this area, focusing on the fundamental mechanisms that govern the mechanical properties including strength, modulus, fracture toughness and thermal properties of SFRP materials.This book covers the following topics: extrusion compounding and injection moulding, major factors affecting mechanical performance, stress transfer, strength, elastic modulus flexural modulus, thermal conductivity and expansion, non-linear stress-strain behaviour and fracture mechanics of short fibre reinforced polymers.With its distinguished team of authors, Science and engineering of short fibre reinforced polymer composites is a standard reference for anyone involved in the development, manufacture and use of SFRPs. It will also provide an in-depth understanding of the behaviour of these versatile materials. - Reviews the mechanical properties and functions of short fibre reinforced polymer composites (SFRP) - Examines recent developments in the fundamental mechanisms of SFRP's - Assesses major factors affecting mechanical performance such as stress transfer and strength

This book provides practical guidance and accessible coverage of FRP composites including step-by step guidelines. Its principle theme is the repair and retrofit of concrete structures with carbon, glass and fibre-composite reinforcement. Useful to graduates, advanced undergraduates and researchers.

The repair of deteriorated, damaged and substandard civil infrastructures has become one of the most important issues for the civil engineer worldwide. This important book discusses the use of externally-bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to strengthen, rehabilitate and retrofit civil engineering structures, covering such aspects as material behaviour, structural design and quality assurance.The first three chapters of the book review structurally-deficient civil engineering infrastructure, including concrete, metallic, masonry and timber structures. FRP composites used in rehabilitation and surface preparation of the component materials are also reviewed. The next four chapters deal with the design of FRP systems for the flexural and shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams and the strengthening of RC columns. The following two chapters examine the strengthening of metallic and masonry structures with FRP composites. The last four chapters of the book are devoted to practical considerations in the flexural strengthening of beams with unstressed and prestressed FRP plates, durability of externally bonded FRP composite systems, quality assurance and control, maintenance, repair, and case studies.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Strengthening and rehabilitation of civil infrastructures using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is a valuable reference guide for engineers, scientists and technical personnel in civil and structural engineering working on the rehabilitation and strengthening of the civil infrastructure. - Reviews the use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in structurally damaged and sub-standard civil engineering structures - Examines the role and benefits of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in different types of structures such as masonry and metallic strengthening - Covers practical considerations including material behaviour, structural design and quality assurance

Although the use of composites has increased in many industrial, commercial, medical, and defense applications, there is a lack of technical literature that examines composites in conjunction with concrete construction. Fulfilling the need for a comprehensive, explicit guide, Reinforced Concrete Design with FRP Composites presents specific informat

Military use of advanced polymer matrix composites (PMC)—consisting of a resin matrix reinforced by high-performance carbon or organic fibers—while extensive, accounts for less that 10 percent of the domestic market. Nevertheless, advanced composites are expected to play an even greater role in future military systems, and DOD will continue to require access to reliable sources of affordable, high-performance fibers including commercial materials and manufacturing processes. As a result of these forecasts, DOD requested the NRC to assess the challenges and opportunities associated with advanced PMCs with emphasis on high-performance fibers. This report provides an assessment of fiber technology and industries, a discussion of R&D opportunities for DOD, and recommendations about accelerating technology transition, reducing costs, and improving understanding of design methodology and promising technologies.

MOP 104 details best practices for the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) products in conductor support applications and FRP poles.

Natural fibres have been used to reinforce materials for over 3,000 years. More recently they have been employed in combination with plastics. One of the earliest examples (1950) was the East German Trabant car, the body was constructed from polyester reinforced with cotton fibres. Currently many types of natural fibre are being investigated for use in plastics including: flax, hemp, jute, straw, wood fibre, rice husks, wheat, barley, oats, rye, cane (sugar and bamboo), grass, reeds, kenaf, ramie, oil palm empty fruit bunch sisal, coir, water hyacinth, pennywort, kapok, paper-mulberry, raphia.

Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are used in almost every type of advanced engineering structure, with their usage ranging from aircraft, helicopters and spacecraft through to boats, ships and offshore platforms and to automobiles, sports goods, chemical processing equipment and civil infrastructure such as bridges and buildlings. The usage of FRP composites continues to grow at an impessive rate as these materials are used more in their existing markets and become established in relatively new markets such as biomedical devices and civil structures. A key factor driving the increased applications of composites over the recent years is the development of new advanced forms of FRP materials. This includes developments in high performance resin systems and new styles of reinforcement, such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles. This book provides an up-to-date account of the fabrication, mechanical properties, delamination resistance, impact tolerance and applications of 3D FRP composites. The book focuses on 3D composites made using the textile technologies of weaving, braiding, knitting and stiching as well as by z-pinning.

First published in 1991. CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis.

The use of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites for prestressed and non-prestressed concrete reinforcement has developed into a technology with serious and substantial claims for the advancement of construction materials and methods. Research and development is now occurring worldwide. The 20 papers in this volume make a further contribution in advancing knowledge and acceptance of FRP composites for concrete reinforcement. The articles are divided into three parts. Part I introduces FRP reinforcement for concrete structures and describes general material properties and manufacturing methods. Part II covers a three-continent perspective of current R&D, design and code implementations, and technical organizations'activities. Part III presents an in-depth description of commercially-available products, construction methods, and applications. The work is intended for engineers, researchers, and developers with the objective of presenting them with a world-wide cross-section of initiatives, representative products and significant applications.

In this book, the authors have assembled a systematic set of design parameters describing short and long term mechanical, thermal, electrical, fire and environmental performance, etc. for composites based primarily on continuous glass, aramid and carbon fibres in thermosetting and thermoplastic matrices.