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Ultrasound has been widely used in diagnostic imaging for a long time. In the past 10 years, image-guided focused ultrasound therapy has seen rapid growth, in biomedical science and engineering, and in clinical medicine. The purpose of this book is to bring internationally renowned authorities and experts in this field together to provide up-to-date and comprehensive reviews of basic physics, biomedical engineering, and clinical applications of focused ultrasound therapy in a widely accessible fashion.Focusing on applications in cancer treatment, this book covers basic principles, practical aspects, and clinical applications of focused ultrasound therapy. It reviews the medical physics and bio-effects of focused ultrasound beams on living tissues, dosimetric methods and measurements, transducer engineering, image guidance and monitoring (including magnetic resonance imaging -- MRI -- and ultrasound), treatment delivery systems, and clinical applications. The book also gives practical guidelines on patient setup, target localisation, treatment planning and image-guided procedures for the treatment in various sites, including the prostate, liver, pancreas, breast, kidney, uterus, bone, and brain.The book discusses major challenges for the use of focused ultrasound energy on living tissues and explores the cellular and physiological responses that can be employed in the fight against cancer from biological, physics and engineering perspectives. It also highlights recent advances, including the treatment of solid tumours using image-guided drug delivery, and the exploitation of microbubbles, nanoparticles, and other cutting-edge techniques. Readers who are interested in learning more about the technique and the clinical applications described in each chapter can find more information in the comprehensive bibliographies provided.This book is suitable for anyone involved in, or looking to become involved in, the research and clinical applications of focused ultrasound therapy, including medical professionals, physicists, biomedical engineers, graduate students and others working in this multidisciplinary field. It offers a balanced and critical assessment of state-of-the-art technologies, major challenges, and an outlook on the future of focused ultrasound therapy. It presents a thorough introduction for those new to the field while providing helpful, up-to-date information and guidelines for readers already using this therapy in clinical and pre-clinical settings.Key Features: Brings together a wide range of world-leading experts in this new field, presenting the latest clinical outcomes of using focused ultrasound for the treatment of benign and malignant diseases Covers the fundamental physics of focused ultrasound therapy and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery, including chapters on the mechanism of sonoporation, microbubble and ultrasound interaction, and their potential clinical applications Introduces clinical guidelines for focused ultrasound therapy, including indications and contraindications, treatment goals, the selection of patients, clinical observation during treatment procedure and follow-up, and characteristics of image changes after treatment

Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis Essential reference on replacing conventional solvents with greener alternatives in industrial chemicals synthesis and production A well-timed book promoting sustainability in synthesis and production of chemicals, Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis details various green solvents, solvent systems, and solubilization techniques, including their chemistry, physiochemical properties, performance, and distinct applications, presenting a greener approach to conventional solvents by replacing them with sustainable alternatives that have similarities in their reaction mechanisms. Edited by four highly qualified academics with significant research experience in the field, Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis includes information on: Water and liquid polymers (Polyethylene glycol PEG), Acetonitrile, DMSO, Dimethyl carbonate, Ionic liquids, and Supercritical fluids)Bio-based solvents (Cyrene, γ-Valerolactone (GVL), Lactic acid, 2-MeTHF) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs)Alcohols (MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH, n-BuOH, t-BuOH, Ethylene glycol), ketones (Acetones, MEK, MIBK, Cyclohexanone), and esters (Methyl acetate, Ethyl acetate, i-PrOAc, n-BuOAc)Technical, economic, and environmental aspects of green solvents and how to maximize their reuse and recycling to alleviate pollution and reduce energy consumption For chemists in a variety of disciplines, Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis is an essential reference that provides foundational knowledge of green solvents, along with key features of each class of green solvent within the context of organic reactions for industrial and laboratory synthesis.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 11th Chinese National Conference of Social Media Processing, SMP 2023, held in Anhui, China, in November 2023.The 16 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 88 submissions. The papers are organized in the topical sections on knowledge representation and reasoning; knowledge acquisition and knowledge base construction; linked data, knowledge integration, and knowledge graph storage management; natural language understanding and semantic computing; knowledge graph applications; knowledge graph open resources.

This volume presents recent progress on 3d base metal catalyzed C-C cross coupling reactions. The contributions provide detailed discussions on the use of cheap metal catalysts such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn to construct Csp2-Csp2, Csp2-Csp3 and Csp3-Csp3 bonds with a variety of substrates. These non-noble metal catalyst have many advantages such as being inexpensive, having low toxicity and are environmentally benign. Therefore the use of cheap metal catalysts in organic synthesis has gained much attention in efforts to develop more sustainable synthetic green chemistry. Each chapter is written by international experts in the field and is a great resource for students, researchers and chemists working in industry to gain an overview on the latest developments.

The Chemical Transformations of C1 Compounds A comprehensive exploration of one-carbon molecule transformations The chemistry of one-carbon molecules has recently gained significant prominence as the world transitions away from a petroleum-based economy to a more sustainable one. In The Chemical Transformations of C1 Compounds, an accomplished team of chemists delivers an in-depth overview of recent developments in the field of single-carbon chemistry. The three-volume book covers all major C1 sources, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, methanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, carbenes, C1 halides, and organometallics. The editors have included resources discussing the main reactions and transformations into feedstock chemicals of each of the major C1 compounds reviewed in dedicated chapters. Readers will discover cutting-edge material on organic transformations with MeNO2, DMF, DCM, methyl organometallic reagents, CCl4, CHCl3, and CHBr3, as well as recent achievements in cyanation reactions via cross-coupling. The book also offers: Thorough introductions to chemical transformations of CH4, methods of CH4 activation, chemical transformations of CH3OH and synthesis alkenes from CH3OH Comprehensive explorations of the carbonylation of MeOH, CH2O in organic synthesis, organic transformations of HCO2H, and hydrogen generation from HCO2H Practical discussions of the carbonylation of unsaturated bonds with heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts, as well as the carbonylation of C(sp2)-X bonds and C(sp3)-X bonds In-depth examinations of carbonylative C-H bond activation and radical carbonylation Perfect for organic and catalytic chemists, The Chemical Transformations of C1 Compounds is also an ideal resource for industrial chemists, chemical engineers, and practitioners at energy supply companies.

An uncoded multimedia transmission (UMT) system is one that skips quantization and entropy coding in compression and all subsequent binary operations, including channel coding and bit-to-symbol mapping of modulation. By directly transmitting non-binary symbols with amplitude modulation, the uncoded system avoids the annoying cliff effect observed in the coded transmission system. This advantage makes uncoded transmission more suited to both unicast in varying channel conditions and multicast to heterogeneous users.Particularly, in the first part of Uncoded Multimedia Transmission, we consider how to improve the efficiency of uncoded transmission and make it on par with coded transmission. We then address issues and challenges regarding how to better utilize temporal and spatial correlation of images and video in the uncoded transmission, to achieve the optimal transmission performance. Next, we investigate the resource allocation problem for uncoded transmission, including subchannel, bandwidth and power allocation. By properly allocating these resources, uncoded transmission can achieve higher efficiency and more robust performance. Subsequently, we consider the image and video delivery in MIMO broadcasting networks with diverse channel quality and varying numbers of antennas across receivers. Finally, we investigate the cases where uncoded transmission can be used in conjunction with digital transmission for a balanced efficiency and adaptation capability.This book is the very first monograph in the general area of uncoded multimedia transmission written in a self-contained format. It addresses both the fundamentals and the applications of uncoded transmission. It gives a systematic introduction to the fundamental theory and concepts in this field, and at the same time, also presents specific applications that reveal the great potential and impacts for the technologies generated from the research in this field. By concentrating several important studies and developments currently taking place in the field of uncoded transmission in a single source, this book can reduce the time and cost required to learn and improve skills and knowledge in the field.The authors have been actively working in this field for years, and this book is the final essence of their years of long research in this field. The book may be used as a collection of research notes for researchers in this field, a reference book for practitioners or engineers, as well as a textbook for a graduate advanced seminar in this field or any related fields. The references collected in this book may be used as further reading lists or references for the readers.

​The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Written by highly renowned and experienced authors, this is the only reference on the application of solvents as reagents. Clearly structured, the text describes various methods for the activation and reaction of these small molecules, highlighting the synthetic opportunities as well as process-oriented advantages. To this end, all relevant types of solvents are covered separately and emphasized with numerous synthetic examples, while taking care to explain applications so as to avoid undesired side reactions. The result is a unique resource for every synthetic chemist and reaction engineer in industry and academia working on the methodical optimization of synthetic transformations.

The 2017 2nd International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT 2017) was held on January 14–15, 2017 in Zhuhai, China. ICECTT 2017 brought together academics and industrial experts in the field of electromechanical control technology and transportation to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference was to promote research and developmental activities in electromechanical control technology and transportation. Another goal was to promote exchange of scientific information between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year thus making it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in electromechanical control technology and transportation and related areas.

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Benzofuran Synthesis: Transition Metal-Catalyzed Heterocycle Synthesis Series provides an overview of benzofuran, describing properties of these heterocycle compounds and the traditional synthetic procedures used for them. The book then explores catalyzed procedures for benzofuran synthesis in greater detail and depth than is currently available in published review articles. This volume is part of the short series authored by Xiao-Feng Wu that summarizes recent achievements on heterocycle synthesis with transition metals as catalysts, with each volume dedicated to one heterocycle compound. - Offers a brief, focused review of this active research in benzofuran synthesis via transition metal catalysis - Useful coverage of benzofuran properties and both intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization - Volume Four in Elsevier's short work series, Transition Metal-Catalyzed Heterocycles Synthesis - Provides greater detail and depth than is currently available in published review articles

Transition Metal-Catalyzed Pyrimidine Synthesis: Transition Metal-Catalyzed Heterocycle Synthesis Series provides an overview of pyrimidine, describing properties of these heterocycle compounds and the traditional synthetic procedures used for them. The book then explores catalyzed procedures for pyrimidine synthesis in greater detail and depth than is currently available in published review articles. This volume is part of the short series authored by Xiao-Feng Wu that summarizes recent achievements on heterocycle synthesis with transition metals as catalysts, with each volume dedicated to one heterocycle compound. - Offers a brief, focused review of the active research in pyrimidine synthesis via transition metal catalysis - Provides useful coverage of pyrimidine properties and both intermolecular and intramolecular cyclization - Volume Three in Elsevier's short work series, Transition Metal-Catalyzed Heterocycles Synthesis - Provides greater detail and depth than is currently available in published review articles

Heterocyclic chemistry constitutes the largest branch of chemistry, covering almost two-thirds of literature in the field. In addition, around 90% of naturally-occurring molecules have heterocycles as their core structure. Therefore, as a central part of organic chemistry, the discovery of new methodologies in synthesizing heterocyclic compounds is essential to their continued application and development. Transition metal catalysts offer a low cost and often low toxicity pathway for heterocycles synthesis, while the use of noble metals represents an alternative form of experimentation which is discussed in the book.Noble Metals, Noble Value provides the first comprehensive analysis of the applications of the noble metals of ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd) catalysts in heterocycles synthesis. Pairs of chapters are dedicated to summarizing each of the metals when applied to either five- or six-membered heterocyclic syntheses. An introduction to the importance of heterocycles and possible procedures for the preparation of heterocyclic compounds is also given.With up to date research and findings, this review is excellently suited to academics and professionals in the field of chemistry, with a particular focus on the specialities of biological, catalytic and organic chemistry.