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This book provides the basic concepts and latest findings on kokumi substances. It covers not only the topics related to food chemistry, but also the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of the perception of kokumi substances. Food palatability is determined by many factors, including taste, aroma, texture, color, physiological condition, and circumstances. The attribute called “koku” is used in Japan to express delicious foods. The definition of koku attribute was previously proposed to be caused by the sensation of richness, body, lingering (continuity), and mouthfulness in terms of taste, aroma, and texture. Kokumi substance is one of the taste-related koku enhancers and is defined as a substance that enhances complexity, richness (body), and lastingness (continuity), although it has no taste itself at the dose. The topics in this book cover physiological studies, including the receptor mechanism, taste nerve recording, and human brain responses using functional MRI. It also discusses the sensory characteristics of kokumi substances when added to foods and the effect of kokumi substances on the satiety. The intended readers are university students, researchers and technologists in food science, food chemistry, nutritional sciences, taste physiology, and neuroscience. Non-expert readers interested in food palatability and the deliciousness of foods may also find this book useful.

'Flavor and fragrance are essential components in the food manufacturing sector. Because of the rising customer demand for natural and sustainable products, natural flavors are an ever-challenging field for study in both the academic world and the food business'--

Beverages are a convenient and versatile product that may either serve to fulfill consumers'needs for hydration or as a pleasant liquor. Among the sensory attributes of beverages that drive consumer acceptability is aroma, directly influenced by the quantity and type of volatile compounds contained inside them. Volatile Compounds Formation in Specialty Beverages contains remarkable information about volatile compounds of specialty beverages, addressing aspects involved from production processes to biochemical pathways. Divided in two sections, this book answers such key-questions as like how different classes of volatile compounds affect the specialty beverage sensory profile; furthermore, the section on distilled beverages brings supplies information on the contribution of maturation to the beverage volatile profile.Key Features: Provides information on the contribution of each class of volatile compounds to the beverages'aroma Describes the biochemical pathways involved in the volatile compounds generation Covers both traditional and exotic, fermented, and distilled beverages Shows how the production process affects the volatile compounds formation Organized by experienced editors and written by authors from around the world, this book describes the most important aspects of volatile compounds formation in traditional beverages like whisky and sparkling wine, as well as in exotic beverages like cachaça and kombucha. It is a unique source for food scientists, chemists, chemical engineers and other professionals interested in learning about volatile compounds formation in fermented and distilled beverages.

A savory account of how the pursuit of delicious foods shaped human evolutionNature, it has been said, invites us to eat by appetite and rewards by flavor. But what exactly are flavors? Why are some so pleasing while others are not? Delicious is a supremely entertaining foray into the heart of such questions.With generous helpings of warmth and wit, Rob Dunn and Monica Sanchez offer bold new perspectives on why food is enjoyable and how the pursuit of delicious flavors has guided the course of human history. They consider the role that flavor may have played in the invention of the first tools, the extinction of giant mammals, the evolution of the world's most delicious and fatty fruits, the creation of beer, and our own sociality. Along the way, you will learn about the taste receptors you didn't even know you had, the best way to ferment a mastodon, the relationship between Paleolithic art and cheese, and much more.Blending irresistible storytelling with the latest science, Delicious is a deep history of flavor that will transform the way you think about human evolution and the gustatory pleasures of the foods we eat.

In a finished nutraceutical product, flavors play an integral role. Flavor Development for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals is about the crucial role added flavors play in any nutraceutical product. It describes the various extraction techniques that are being adopted for manufacturing flavors from natural raw materials. Yield and retention of aromatic components during several extraction methods and flavor encapsulation techniques for thermal degradable food components are discussed. Advanced methods of flavor extraction techniques like supercritical C02 extraction are emphasized. The safety and quality aspects of flavor incorporation in food processing industries are reviewed with respect to international regulations. The importance of flavor in the nutraceuticals industry is also discussed. In addition, the book stresses the functional value and organoleptic acceptability towards product optimization/formulation. Features: Explains how flavors play an integral role in a finished nutraceutical product Describes the various extraction techniques that are being adopted for manufacturing flavors from natural raw materials Covers flavor encapsulation techniques for thermal degradable food components Provides an introduction to the history of how some natural flavor ingredients, botanicals, and extracts were used in ancient times in Ayurveda and herbal medicine This is an ideal reference book for the flavor chemists, food scientists, nutraceutical formulators, and students and academicians who are working in the area of nutraceutical, supplement, and functional food development and provides very useful information to help them select appropriate flavors for their products. Also available in the Nutraceuticals: Basic Research/Clinical Applications Series:Flavors for Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, edited by M. Selvamuthukumaran and Yashwant Pathak (ISBN: 978-1-1380-6417-1)Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Preventive and Healthcare Applications, edited by Chuanhai Cao, Sarvadaman Pathak, Kiran Patil (ISBN 978-1-4987-3703-6)Food By-product Based Functional Food Powders, edited by Özlem Tokuşoğlu (ISBN 978-1-4822-2437-5)

Natural Food Flavors and Colorants SECOND EDITION The market for fully natural food products continues to grow, and is the driving force behind the increased interest in food additives derived from biological sources. In this book the author utilizes his over 50 years of experience in food chemistry and technology in order to produce the most detailed and comprehensive guide to natural food flavors and colors. This Second Edition has been fully updated, including two new chapters on Colored Vegetables and Stevia. Divided into three parts, Part I of the book begins with matters concerning analysis, general properties, and techniques. The regulatory information on synthetic colors in food will be particularly useful. Part II describes the various natural flavors and colorants that are available, alphabetized for convenient reference and includes all the relevant recent developments since the publication of the First Edition. Both researchers and manufacturers will find the FCC description of many products and the Identification Numbers of regulatory bodies most valuable. Part III examines the future prospects for research workers and manufacturers. Finally, a well prepared Index will be of immense value to readers to access a quick explanation and understanding of the various compounds, techniques, and subjects covered. In particular, this guide will be of use to researchers, teachers, regulators, formulators, and food manufacturers.

As seen on Oprah.com, FitnessMagazine.com, and Instyle.com Infuse your water for a healthier spin on hydration! Water is the foundation of good health, but if you're like most people, you don't drink nearly enough water per day. You might even think that water is just plain boring. Infused Water is full of creative and flavorful ideas for increasing your daily water and nutrient intake. Infusion is a great way to enjoy the vitamins and flavors of fresh fruits and vegetables without the extra calories or fructose found in juices. This comprehensive guide features more than 100 nutrient-rich recipes for thirst-quenching drinks that control your appetite, aid digestion, and improve your overall health. There's an infused water for everyone, from traditional flavors like Crisp Cranberry-Lime to surprising pairings like Lemon-Oregano. Sip your way to better health with these refreshing and nutritious infusions!

This 6th edition is thoroughly revised and updated, and now additionally includes all commercially important flavor and fragrance materials that entered the market over the past 10 years. In one handy and up-to-date source, this classic reference surveys those natural and synthetic materials that are commercially available, produced, and used on a relatively large scale, covering their properties, manufacturing methods employed, and areas of application. For this new edition the chapter on essential oils has been completely revised with regard to production volumes, availability, and new product specifications, while new legal issues, such as REACH regulation aspects, are now included. Finally, the CAS registry numbers and physicochemical data of over 350 single substances and 100 essential oils have been updated and revised.

Ready to escape'vanilla'ho-hum recipes, embrace your culinary creativity, and taste something new? Yeah, we thought so. Pick up this cookbook--your ticket to a world of flavor.Infusing Flavors features recipes to infuse mind-blowing flavors into teas, tisanes, bitters, liqueurs, aguas frescas, waters, vinegars, oils, gastriques, shrubs, ice creams, soft drinks, and more. Each section in the book is packed with unique recipes. You'll learn which herbs, fruits, flowers, vegetables, and even seeds can be prepared and infused into all-natural food and drink recipes. With its emphasis on flavor infusions that stretch beyond your standard cocktail bitters, this book is a special treat for any food lover.Here's a taste of some of the ingredients you'll use in Infusing Flavors:Herbs and flowers - chamomile, lavender, lemongrass, rosemary, mint, sage, thyme, lemon verbena, ginger, basilFruits - cherry, peach, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, citrus (lemons and oranges), watermelonVeggies, berries, and roots - celery, fennel, dandelionThe blending and infusing chapter, plus the diverse recipe sections of the cookbook, promise to keep readers enthralled and learning something they never guessed about these wide-ranging ingredients for flavor infusion. The book includes information about the following:Peel-to-stem is the new nose-to-tail: introduction to the movement Blending Infusing Storing Experimenting with flavors Health benefits (including tips on growing your own fresh herbs)The RecipesTeas and tisanes - herbal and fruit; iced and hotHoneys, sugars, and simple syrupsExtracts and bitters - from baker to bartenderShrubs, switchels, and kombuchasSoft drinks and infused waters (sodas, beer, and'ade')Flavored oils - the chef's secretVinegars and gastriquesBrothsDesserts and sweets

Flavour is a critical aspect of food production and processing, requiring careful design, monitoring and testing in order to create an appealing food product. This book looks at flavour generation, flavour analysis and sensory perception of food flavour and how these techniques can be used in the food industry to create new and improve existing products. Part one covers established and emerging methods of characterising and analysing taste and aroma compounds. Part two looks at different factors in the generation of aroma. Finally, part three focuses on sensory analysis of food flavour. - Covers the analysis and characterisation of aromas and taste compounds - Examines how aromas can be created and predicted - Reviews how different flavours are perceived

Flavor is unquestionably one of the most extremely secretive one-reluctant to dis­ close anything that might be of value to a important attributes of the food we eat. competitor. Thus, little information about Man does not eat simply to live but even the activities of the flavor industry itself is more so lives to eat. Take away the pleasure offood and life becomes relatively mundane. available to the public. There now is a substantial body of liter­ The goal of the original Source Book of ature dealing with food flavor. The'golden Flavors, written by Henry Heath, was to years'of flavor research in the United States bring together in one volume as much of the were the 1960s and 70s. Numerous academic worldwide data and facts and as many flavor­ and government institutions had strong related subjects (e. g., food colors) as was flavor programs and money was readily possible. Henry Heath added a wealth of available for flavor research. In the 1980s personal information on how the industry and 90s, research funding has become diffi­ accomplishes its various activities, which cult to obtain, particularly in an esthetic had never been published in any other liter­ area such as food flavor. The number of ature. It has been the intent of this author to research groups focusing on food flavor has update and build upon the original work of declined in the United States. Fortunately, Henry Heath.

A delicious exploration of what creates the flavors we love—and why our taste buds respond to them—in a fascinating, “very pleasant and easy read” (Flanders Today). In this unique scientific study of food, drink, and how the human taste buds sense taste, food journalist Diane Fresquez brings readers along on a journey of gastronomic discovery. She begins by following a Belgian beekeeper who uses science to give the ancient drink of mead (or “honey wine”) a modern taste-makeover. Fresquez then travels to Holland to learn how food memories are tested at a research center called the Restaurant of the Future. And elsewhere, she discovers how much skill it takes to make banana flavor in the lab, and experiments on a group of scientists during a surprise meal eaten in the dark. Stuffed with fascinating food facts, anecdotes from the author's own culinary life, and a selection of irresistible recipes (including a cocktail with dancing molecules), A Taste of Molecules is an exploration of the senses that will delight foodies and science enthusiasts alike.

The flavour industry has become a vital element in the growth and success of food and beverage industries worldwide. The development of many new products is now directly related to the use of the appropriate flavouring which, among other benefits, has allowed the use of many novel raw materials. The phenomenal growth of specialised consumer products offering special tastes, nutritional benefits or'convenience'almost always directly involves the use of a bespoke flavouring. With recent growth in worldwide concern for environmental issues has come a corresponding concern for the use of'natural'ingredients in foods. The flavour industry has been closely involved, by offering many of its products as natural alternatives, although the vexed issue of what'natural'means has promoted discussion and debate in many quarters. The European Flavouring Directive has attempted to incorporate a definition. This is discussed further in chapter 1. The work of the flavourist remains akin to that of the perfumer, despite inroads made by sophisticated analytical technology. For example, use of linked gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) instrumentation enables the skilled analyst to identify most components of a competitor's flavouring or the minor ingredients of a natural extract. Despite this, the industry remains a unique blend of art, science and technology in which the experience and knowledge of the flavourist is vital.

Although many foods are appealing, and even perceived as natural, in spite of containing synthetic additives, consumer increasingly prefer food products which are fully natural. This has driven an increase in the use of, and interest in, food additives derived from biological sources. Of particular interest are natural food flavors and colors, which have started to play a major role in food processing. This volume presents practical information on over 80 natural extracts that can be used as food flavors and colors, drawing on the author's 50 years of food chemistry and technology expertise in both research and industry. The book is divided into three parts: Part I deals with manufacture, quality, analysis, and regulatory aspects. Part II describes the various sources of natural flavors and colorants that are currently available, alphabetized for convenient reference. Part III covers future directions that can be pursued by research workers and manufacturers. Food scientists, researchers and product development professionals alike will find Natural Food Flavors and Colorants an invaluable resource for understanding and using these commercially important natural food ingredients.

Food flavour technology is of key importance for the food industry. Increasingly, food products must comply with legal requirements and conform to consumer demands for “natural” products, but the simple fact is that, if foods do not taste good, they will not be consumed and any nutritional benefit will be lost. There is therefore keen interest throughout the world in the production, utilisation and analysis of flavours. The second edition of this successful book offers a broad introduction to the formulation, origins, analysis and performance of food flavours, updating the original chapters and adding valuable new material that introduces some of the newer methodologies and recent advances. The creation of flavourings is the starting point for the book, outlining the methodology and constraints faced by flavourists. Further constraints are considered in a chapter dealing with international legislation. The origins of flavours are described in three chapters covering thermal generation, biogeneration and natural sources, keeping in mind the adjustments that manufacturers have had to make to their raw materials and processes to meet the demand for natural products whilst complying with cost issues. Delivery of flavours using encapsulation or through an understanding of the properties of the food matrix is described in the next two chapters, and this section is followed by chapters describing the different ways to analyse flavours using instrumental, modelling and sensory techniques. The book is aimed at food scientists and technologists, ingredients suppliers, quality assurance personnel, analytical chemists and biotechnologists.

The toxicological monographs in this volume summarize the safety data on a number of food additives: asparaginase from''Aspergillus niger''expressed in''A. niger,''calcium lignosulfonate (40 65), ethyl lauroyl arginate, paprika extract, phospholipase C expressed in''Pichia pastoris,''phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters, polydimethylsiloxane and steviol glycosides. A monograph on the assessment of dietary exposure to sulfites is also included. Monographs on 10 groups of related flavoring agents evaluated by the Procedure for the Safety Evaluation of Flavouring Agents are also incl.

Includes index.

Ingredients and technologies which improve the flavour of food have always played a major role in food formulation. With increasing consumer demand for diet products, ready meals and natural ingredients, there is considerable pressure on food manufacturers to adapt ingredients in order to produce nutritious food. This important book provides professionals within the food industry with a comprehensive review of recent developments and research.The book begins with a comprehensive introduction followed by chapters on flavouring substances and the extraction of flavourings from natural sources. Chapters discuss technologies which improve flavour such as white biotechnology, the development of yeast flavour enhancers and the formulation of flavoursome low fat food. Further chapters cover techniques for flavour modification such as the controlled release of flavours, developments in sweeteners and masking agents for foods. The book concludes with chapters on the applications of new ingredients such as bitter blockers and masking agents.Modifying flavour in food provides a unique reference for manufacturers and scientists concerned with flavour modification. - Discusses adapting ingredients to meet consumer demand for nutritious food - Examines different technologies that improve flavour - Techniques for flavour modification are highlighted

The report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessments of intake of food additives (in particular, flavouring agents) and contaminants. A summary follows of the Committee's evaluations of technical, toxicological and intake data for certain food additives (annatto extracts, natamycin, propyl paraben, synthetic lycopene and lycopene from Blakeslea trispora, and quillaia extract type 2) and food contaminants (aluminium, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and methylmercury). Specifications for the following food additives w.

Flavourings The demand for flavourings has been constantly growing over the last years as a result of the dramatic changes caused by an increasingly industrialized way-of-life: The consumer is attracted to taste experiences which are not only pleasurable, interesting, exciting and new, but also combine convenience with today's expectations of a healthy, well-balanced life-style. In this second revised and updated edition, the book once again draws on the expert knowledge of more than 40 contributors with backgrounds in both industry and academia to grant a comprehensive overview of the production, processing, composition and application of various food flavourings. The reader is provided with up-to-date information on raw materials of natural, biotechnological and synthetic origin. Additionally, the authors focus on toxicological, legal, and ethical aspects, quality control methods and systems, as well as the conventional and innovative analytical techniques employed in this field. This expanded edition discusses in detail the manifold advances in processing and applications, including an extensive evaluation of the use of flavourings in convenience foods, plus the topic of aroma analysis. Up-to-date references to pertinent literature and an in-depth subject index complete this overview of the captivating world of flavourings.

This book is an introduction to the fascinating world of aroma chemicals, essential oils, fragrances and flavour compositions for the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. The present state-of-the-art technology, the future use of resources and biotechnological approaches for the production of the respective chemical compounds are described. A large section is devoted to the description of the renewable resources of flavours: spice plants, fruits from moderate to tropical climates, vegetables, fermented and heated plants. Analytical methods, such as gas chromatography coupled to human or electronic noses or to a mass spectrometer, are outlined and consumer trends, legal and safety aspects are described. Novel renewable resources come from biotechnology. Enzymes, for example, bio-transform cheap substrates to produce flavours de novo; plant cells in culture may serve as a rich resource of genes coding for metabolic activities in transgenic producers. The book will be of greatinterest to scientists and engineers in the food, flavour, fragrance and pharmaceutical industries and all respective researchers in academia.

Get a good start in flavor and fragrance chemistry! This book presents a survey of those natural and synthetic fragrance and flavor materials which are commercially available, produced and used on a relatively large scale and which are important ingredients for the creation of fragrance and flavor compositions because of their specific sensory characteristics, e.g., smell, taste. It provides information on their properties, methods employed in their manufacture, and their areas of application. This is the 5th edition of the classic'Bauer-Garbe'.'...The excellent and concise introduction to this unique industry is followed by extensive information on nearly 500 of the most used fragrance and flavor compounds. Names, molecular formula, physical data, odor and flavor descriptions, uses, and a number of processes for the larger scale production of chemicals are all included. Successive chapters deal with essential oils, animal secretions, quality control, toxicology and literature. The formula, name and CAS registry number index are an invaluable and timely addition.'- Parfumer and Flavorist'...Data that would normally have to be selected from many different books are available in one source with this book...with over 800 citations throughout the text, this is a nearly inexhaustible source of information.'- Euromaterials

The flavor of a food is often the most desirable quality characteristic for the consumer, yet the understanding of flavour is a fascinatingly complicated subject, which calls for interdisciplinary research efforts. This latest volume presents the proceedings of the 11th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium and describes the most recent and original research advances related to the flavour of foods and beverages with contributions of experts from 25 countries world-wide.• Efficiently summarises the current front line research within food flavor• Highlights the modern approaches to flavor production using biotechnology, enzymes and gene-technology • The dynamic effects of manipulation of food in the mouth during consumption influencing the release of flavour compounds is discussed in detail

This is a compilation of papers presented at the 1997 Flavours and Fragrances conference. The subject matter is intentionally broad, covering areas such as chemoreception, analytical techniques, essential oils and the synthesis of flavour and fragrance materials in the laboratory.

Updated to reflect the latest data, Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients, Fifth Edition is the newest edition of an industry standard. It features more than 100 newly designated GRAS substances, expanded information on aroma and taste thresholds, and the most current regulatory information. It includes synonyms, international codes, sen

The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives met in Rome from 5 to 14 June 2001.

Flavour creation has always been an art but there is an increasing scientific and technological basis behind the various parts of the process. This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of flavour technology, covering sources of flavour, flavour creation/formulation, flavour generation/production, flavour delivery, flavour analysis and flavour regulation. A generic, science-based approach is adopted, rather than an approach based on recipes or commodities.

A spike of consumer interest in natural products and exotic flavors has driven innovation among flavorists and compelled regulators to closely scrutinize new ingredients. Responding to all these concerns, Dr. Burdock has completely revised and updated Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients.With a new format and twice the information found

Flavor of Foods and Beverages Chemistry and Technology covers the proceedings of an international conference sponsored by the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society held in Athens, Greece on June 27-29, 1978. It presents information on the flavor of foods and beverages. This book discusses wide ranging subjects, such as flavor of meat, meat analogs, chocolate and cocoa substitutes, cheese aroma, beverages, baked goods, confections, tea, citrus and other fruits, olive oil, and sweeteners. It also examines new analytical methodology on taste and aroma, as well as flavor production, stability, and composition. This book will be useful for students, chemists, technologists, and manufacturers involved in any facet of producing foods and beverages.

Get a good start in flavor and fragrance chemistry! This book presents a survey of those natural and synthetic fragrance and flavor materials which are isolated and produced commercially on a relatively large scale because of their organoleptic characteristics. It provides information on their properties, methods employed in their manufacture, and their areas of application.'...The excellent and concise introduction to this unique industry is followed by extensive information on nearly 500 of the most used fragrance and flavor compounds. Names, molecular formula, physical data, odor and flavor descriptions, uses, and a number of processes for the larger volume chemicals are all included. Successive chapters deal with essential oils, animal secretions, quality control, toxicology and literature. The formula, name and CAS registry number index is an invaluable and timely addition.'Parfumer and Flavorist'...This book provides a lot of useful information in one place, and it is an especially good resource for somebody just entering the flavor and fragrance industry.'Journal of Medicinal Chemistry'You'll find much information in this book not found in other works.'Foster's Herb Business Bulletin'Particularly useful for natural product chemists, those in the product development and the curious.'Herbalgram

The demand for flavourings has been constantly increasing over the last years as a result of the dramatic changes caused by a more and more industrialised life-style: The consumer is drawn to interesting, healthy, pleasurable, exciting or completely new taste experiences. This book draws on the expert knowledge of nearly 40 contributors with backgrounds in both industry and academia and provides a comprehensive insight into the production, processing and application of various food flavourings. Established flavours produced commercially are summarized on a large scale. Methods of quality control and quality management are discussed in detail. The authors also focus on conventional and innovative analytical methods employed in this field and, last but not least, on toxicological, legal, and ethical aspects. Up-to-date references to pertinent literature and an in-depth subject index complete the book.

How does the nose know what it smells? How do we taste foods? What gives foods their characteristic flavours? How do the methods of food preparation and processing change the flavours of foods? Food Flavours answers these questions and much more, in a clear and understandable manner, describing the composition of flavour compounds and the contributions they make to our sensory experiences. The book begins with the chemical reactions by which chemical compounds develop in plants, and continues through the processing and preparation of foods. It then turns to our chemical sensory systems to describe the recognition and neural processing of these compounds in the nervous system, and the reactions that we have to flavours. The way that chemical qualities give foods their characteristic flavours, and the ways various methods of food preparation and preservation affect those compounds and the resulting flavours are dealt with in detail, both from a chemical and a biological aspect. Throughout, Food Flavours provides special in-depth coverage of taste/odour physiology, and it contains a unique chapter providing a learning and problem-solving technique that will prove invaluable to students in all areas of food science, as well as in biological, organic and analytical chemistry, and will be a good addition to any food technologist's bookshelf.

This volume contains the 86 lectures, posters and workshop presentations made at the 8th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium. These are mainly research papers and are divided into seven subject areas reflecting the major divisions of flavour science.