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This Research Handbook considers many aspects of corporate liability, beginning with a fundamental explanation of what the company is, through depictions of corporate liability in theory, and on to the key areas of liability in practice. While including a timeless distillation of the guiding principles, each contribution explores the emerging boundaries of corporate liability issues so as to bring understanding to new levels.Cross-jurisdictional and interdisciplinary in nature, the contributions cover corporate and participant liability under statutory law, tort and criminal law, and corporate fiduciary and securities law. Specific perspectives include those on corporate vicarious liability, accountability for AI labour, and procedural law challenges. This Research Handbook examines not only the current state of play, but also predicts trends likely to feature in the development of corporate liability, including those in the areas of ESG and technology.Featuring contributions from leading scholars in their respective fields, this Research Handbook will be essential reading for scholars and students of commercial law, corporate law, and corporate governance. It will also be beneficial for judges, legal practitioners, and policymakers specialising in corporate liability.

This book considers the efficacy of transitional justice mechanisms in response to corporate human rights abuses.Corporations and other business enterprises often operate in countries affected by conflict or repressive regimes. As such, they may become involved in human rights violations and crimes under international law ‒ either as the main perpetrators or as accomplices by aiding and abetting government actors. Transitional justice mechanisms, such as trials, truth commissions, and reparations, have usually focused on abuses by state authorities or by non-state actors directly connected to the state, such as paramilitary groups. Innovative transitional justice mechanisms have, however, now started to address corporate accountability for human rights abuses and crimes under international law and have attempted to provide redress for victims. This book analyzes this development, assessing how transitional justice can provide remedies for corporate human rights abuses and crimes under international law. Canvassing a broad range of literature relating to international criminal law mechanisms, regional human rights systems, domestic courts, truth and reconciliation commissions, and land restitution programmes, this book evaluates the limitations and potential of each mechanism. Acknowledging the limited extent to which transitional justice has been able to effectively tackle the role of corporations in human rights violations and international crimes, this book nevertheless points the way towards greater engagement with corporate accountability as part of transitional justice.A valuable contribution to the literature on transitional justice and on business and human rights, this book will appeal to scholars, researchers and PhD students in these areas, as well as lawyers and other practitioners working on corporate accountability and transitional justice.

Die Arbeit untersucht, ob das primäre Unionsrecht in der Ausprägung, die es durch die Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs erfahren hat, die Mitgliedstaaten verpflichtet, eine zivilrechtliche Haftung für Marktmanipulation und Insiderdelikte am Kapitalmarkt (Marktmissbrauch) vorzuhalten, obwohl die Marktmissbrauchsverordnung ihnen explizit nur eine öffentlich-rechtliche Sanktionierung vorgibt. In Auseinandersetzung mit der Rechtsprechung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Effektivitätsgrundsatzes und des institutionellen Gleichgewichts entwickelt der Autor einen Maßstab, anhand dessen eine mitgliedstaatliche Pflicht zur Haftungsbewehrung anerkannt oder zurückgewiesen werden kann. Darauf aufbauend wird die Marktmissbrauchsverordnung unter Einbeziehung rechtsökonomischer Ansätze auf ein solches Haftungspostulat hin überprüft. Zur Sprache kommen auch die Implikationen für eine deliktische Haftung nach deutschem Recht.

Die Frage der strafrechtlichen Haftung transnationaler Wirtschaftsunternehmen für völkerrechtliche Verbrechen gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Nach begrifflichen Vorbemerkungen werden zunächst die Formen der Unternehmensbeteiligung an solchen Verbrechen sowie die Praxis seit Nürnberg dargestellt. Dieser lässt sich eine Tendenz zur Unternehmungshaftung entnehmen. Aus diesem Grund und weil Unternehmen letztlich durch ihre Mitarbeiter handeln, kann die Haftung nicht rein kollektiv – im Sinne eines reinen Organisationsmodells –, sondern nur auf der Grundlage des Zurechnungsmodells überzeugend begründet werden, und zwar als derivative, auf Aufsichts- bzw. Organisationsverschulden beruhende Unternehmenshaftung. Der individualstrafrechtliche Ansatz des Zurechnungsmodells verweist auf die bekannten Formen strafbarer Beteiligung, wobei insbesondere eine Beihilfehaftung in Betracht kommt. Alles in allem wird jedoch vor zu hohen Erwartungen an eine (völker)strafrechtliche Unternehmenshaftung gewarnt. Das Strafrecht kann auch hier nur als Teil eines ganzheitlichen Ansatzes (beschränkte) präventive Wirkungen entfalten.

This book explains the concepts of Ethical Business Practice (EBP) and Ethical Business Regulation (EBR), a new paradigm in compliance and enforcement based on behavioural science and ethics. EBR provides the basis for an effective relationship between a business and its regulators, resulting in better outcomes for both. EBR is attracting extensive attention from regulators and businesses around the world. The UK Government's 2017 Regulatory Futures Review draws on EBR as the foundation for its policy of'regulatory self-assurance'. EBR draws on findings from behavioural science, responsive regulation, safety and business and integrity management to create a practical and holistic approach. Examples include the open culture that is essential for civil aviation safety, the Primary Authority agreements between regulators and national businesses, and feedback mechanisms provided by market vigilance systems and sectoral consumer ombudsmen. This book provides an essential blueprint for sustainable business and effective future regulation.

This book is the first of its kind in focusing on the enforcement of corporate and securities laws, both public and private, which is a relatively understudied but critically important issue for the development and health of global capital markets. The book has a special focus on the young system coming into being in the People's Republic of China (PRC), but also examines the enforcement of corporate and securities laws across the globe and across different legal and political systems from an in-depth comparative perspective. This single volume assembles a veritable'dream team'of contributors who are amongst the very best scholars and legal specialists in the many national jurisdictions covered in the book. Hence, it is of significant value to corporate and securities regulators, judicial officials, prosecutors, litigation specialists, corporate counsel, legal and economic policymakers, scholars, think tanks, students, and investors alike.

This acclaimed reference book for international business lawyers first appeared in 2006, with a second edition in 2010. Now in its third edition, and once again published in conjunction with the International Bar Association, this comparative study of a crucial issue in corporate law gives practitioners a powerful and decisive tool for ascertaining and comparing the law affecting directors'liability in today's globalizing economies. Covering nearly fifty jurisdictions worldwide (including eight not previously covered), the third edition affords senior lawyers in major firms the opportunity to provide concise, detailed, and easy-to-understand summaries on his or her home law on directors'liability. Authors whose research appeared in earlier editions have updated their chapters, and the case law summarized and analysed now reflects published cases through the end of March 2016. The contributions describe the relevant law in force in each particular jurisdiction, along with an insightful discussion of trends and future prospects. For each of the different jurisdictions the authors detail and explain such factors as the following: - national legal theories of director liabilities; - recent cases dealing with directors'liability; - corporate governance; and - indemnification and insurance. Where applicable, coverage also includes the legal implications of jurisdictional variations in such matters as judicial review, lawyer directorship, directors'reliance on outside professionals, and the effect of the European Action Plan. References have been thoroughly updated throughout, and include many new online sources. This publication will be of enormous value to legal practitioners, whether in private practice or in the legal department of a globally active company, as a comprehensive and easy means of access to the law of foreign jurisdictions on directors'liability.

Bienvenue dans la collection Les Fiches de lecture d'UniversalisRonald Coase a obtenu, en 1991, le prix de sciences économiques, de la Banque de Suède, en mémoire d'Alfred Nobel, pour deux de ses articles : « The Nature of the Firm », publié en 1937 dans Economica, et « The Problem of Social Cost », publié en 1960 dans le Journal of Law and Economics. Une fiche de lecture spécialement conçue pour le numérique, pour tout savoir sur The Problem of Social Cost de Ronald Harry CoaseChaque fiche de lecture présente une œuvre clé de la littérature ou de la pensée. Cette présentation est couplée avec un article de synthèse sur l'auteur de l'œuvre.A propos de l'Encyclopaedia Universalis : Reconnue mondialement pour la qualité et la fiabilité incomparable de ses publications, Encyclopaedia Universalis met la connaissance à la portée de tous. Écrite par plus de 7 200 auteurs spécialistes et riche de près de 30 000 médias (vidéos, photos, cartes, dessins…), l'Encyclopaedia Universalis est la plus fiable collection de référence disponible en français. Elle aborde tous les domaines du savoir.

This book considers how a regulatory enforcement policy should be designed to efficiently induce proactive corporate compliance.It first explores two major schools of thought regarding law enforcement, both the deterrence and cooperative approaches, and shows that neither of these represents an optimal regulatory enforcement paradigm from a social welfare perspective. It provides a critical analysis of recent developments in US Federal corporate liability regimes, and proposes a generic framework that better tailors sanction schemes and monitoring systems to regulatee performance. The proposed framework efficiently induces corporate proactive compliance, while maintaining an optimal level of deterrence.This insightful book will appeal to academics in law and economics, behavioral economics, criminology, and business, as well as to practitioners and policymakers.Contents: Prologue: The President Coolidge 1. Introduction Part I: Major Schools of Thought Regarding Law Enforcement 2. Deterrence-based Regulatory Enforcement 3. Cooperative Enforcement 4. The Reconciliation of Deterrence-based and Cooperative Enforcement Part II: Corporate Liability and the Incentive Apparatus for Corporate Proactive Compliance 5. Corporate Liability and Compliance Management Systems 6. Corporate Liability Regimes: A Law and Economics Analysis Part III: Corporate Monitors: Can'Swords'Turn Into'Shields'? 7. Corporate Monitors: The Emerging Framework of Deferred Prosecution Agreements 8. Corporate Monitors: Facilitating an Efficient Targeted Monitoring System 9. Concluding Remarks Bibliography Index

Transnational Corporations and International Law provides a comprehensive overview of existing laws and principles aimed at regulating the international behavior of transnational corporations (TNCs). Alice de Jonge highlights the inadequacies and possibilities inherent in the current regulatory network and also outlines a theoretical framework for bringing TNCs more comprehensively under the coverage of internationally-agreed standards of behavior. The book then explores institutional avenues for bringing TNCs to account when such standards are breached. The author also provides a unique perspective on the role of TNCs in the evolution of international environmental law. She concludes by highlighting the need for what the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, has called'principled pragmatism'in developing both the theory and practice of international law as applied to global corporations. This well-documented work will appeal to corporate leaders interested in understanding the related practicalities of international corporate liability as well as post-graduate students in international business and international policy studies. Policymakers, academics and researchers interested in a unique perspective on the future of the global corporation as an internationally responsible global citizen will find much to interest them in this book. Contents: 1. The Corporation: A Good Tool but a Bad Master 2. Corporations Behaving Well: Voluntary Strategies 3. The State and the Multinational Corporation: The Investment Relationship 4. Extra-territorial Legislation and Corporate Liability 5. Corporate Criminal Liability for Extra-territorial Harms 6. Bringing the TNC Under the Jurisdiction of International Law: Theory and Principles 7. Bringing the TNC Under the Jurisdiction of International Law: Institutional Avenues 8. The Global Firm and the Environment 9. The International Court of Justice as a Global Court of Appeal

Theories of enterprise liability have, historically, had a significant influence on the development of various aspects of the law of torts. Enterprise liability has impacted upon both statutory and common law rules. Prime examples would include laws on workmen's compensation and products liability. Of late, in a number of jurisdictions, enterprise liability has been a powerful catalyst for change in the employer's responsibilities towards third parties by prompting changes to the law on vicarious liability. The results have been seen most dramatically where the employer's responsibility for the intentional torts of employees is concerned. Recent common law reforms have not been without controversy and have raised difficult and challenging questions about the appropriate scope of an employer's responsibility. In response to this, Douglas Brodie offers a critique of the employer's common law obligations, both in tort and under the law of contract of employment.

The Alien Tort Statute (also referred to as the Alien Tort Claims Act) is a US statute that provides a cause of action for violations of international law. While originally used against former dictators and military officials who fled to the U.S. after the respective governments in their home countries have been removed, human rights activists are now targeting transnational corporations or multinational enterprises for human rights violations in connection with their investments made outside the United States. This book examines and analyzes corporate liability under the Alien Tort Statute.

This book conducts an interdisciplinary and comparative examination of tort liabilities of multinational enterprises (MNEs). It examines the social, economic, managerial and legal characteristics of MNEs and compares the findings of this examination to the current understanding of MNEs in the way that tort liability is applied to them. Existing laws and principles related to liability of MNEs are explored from a variety of jurisdictions with the aim of assessing whether these laws are adequate for the challenges that modern MNEs create. Muzaffer Eroglu also proposes solutions to the problems of tort liability of MNEs.Comparing the theory of control in existing laws and the theory of control in business management structure, Multinational Enterprises and Tort Liabilities will be of great interest to academics, researchers, students and practitioners. It will also appeal to NGOs particularly interested with the liabilities of MNEs for their human rights breaches.

This book - one in the four-volume set, Global Governance and the Quest for Justice - focuses on the role of corporations in an increasingly globalised world.Against the backcloth of perceived abuse of corporate power - alleged violations of human rights, degradation of the environment, abuse of labour, Enron-style financial scandals, and the like - the chapters in this collection examine the nature and function of the corporation as well as the way in which we should understand corporate governance and the power of transnational corporations. Central to the question is the issue of accountability, as well as the questions of social and environmental responsibility - here the authors ask whether corporations should be more accountable relative to the broader public interest, and suggest that public law approaches to accountability may offer a way forward. Consideration is also given to the most appropriate regulatory locus (local, regional, or international) and the most effective form of response to the deficit in corporate responsibility and the abuse of corporate power. For example, are transnational corporations most effectively regulated internationally (e.g., by the United Nations), regionally (e.g., by the EU or NAFTA) or locally (e.g., through stringent reporting requirements and implementation of triple bottom line standards)?

The ever-important topic of corporate legal responsibility is deconstructed into many multifaceted components in this fascinating Handbook, which systematically examines each in turn and describes the contemporary legal position.The Research Handbook on Corporate Legal Responsibility considers general theory and basic concepts such as corporate legal personality, the doctrine of attribution, corporate governance and directors'duties, and reviews the range of individuals to which corporations may be held responsible, particularly employees, suppliers, shareholders,'stakeholders'and women. The substantive grounds for corporate responsibility under civil and criminal law within the North American and Commonwealth jurisdictions are evaluated, and mechanisms of accountability such as novel regulatory processes (interactive regulation, codes of conduct and social reporting), risk management and the significant role of non-governmental organisations are identified. The thought-provoking chapters contained within this Handbook go on to present perspectives on topical international questions (corruption, labour standards, human rights, environmental protection and sustainable development) including an analysis of recent initiatives from several international organisations. Bringing together the work of around thirty leading academics, practitioners, campaigners and policymakers from North America, Europe and Australia, each chapter locates these issues within a theoretical context, giving an overview of its historical evolution, providing an accurate account of the current legal position and identifying policy issues likely to influence future developments.