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Cet ouvrage offre une revue actualisée des thèmes essentiels de la biochimie pour acquérir un socle initial de connaissances, consolidée par de nombreux exercices d'application. Ce livre couvre les notions de biochimie fondamentales abordées au cours des études du premier cycle universitaire. Son approche progressive et enrichie d'exemples pratiques permet à l'étudiant de mieux intégrer les processus biochimiques. Après avoir abordé les notions de chimie de base nécessaires à la compréhension des réactions biochimiques, la première partie présente ensuite les biomolécules, leur nature polymérique et leurs fonctions biologiques. Sont abordées ensuite les grandes fonctions métaboliques et les réactions impliquées. La troisième partie aborde les trois thèmes de base de la biologie moléculaire d'un point de vue biochimique, à savoir : - la réplication et la réparation de l'ADN, - sa transcription en ARN - puis sa traduction en protéine.L'ouvrage réserve une place importante aux dernières recherches et applications en biochimie : l'acidification des océans, l'empreinte ADN, le pyroséquençage de l'ADN, le processus de développement des médicaments, l'ARN messager. Pour aider les étudiants à utiliser le texte comme livre de référence, chaque partie de chapitre commence par une série de Concepts Fondamentaux et se termine par une Révision des Concepts, pour l'autoévaluation. Chaque chapitre se termine par une série d'exercices corrigés. De nombreux exercices sont des études de cas basées sur des données de publications scientifiques ou sur des rapports médicaux. Les séries d'exercices peuvent ainsi servir au travail en classe ou être proposées pour un devoir à la maison. Les résumés et glossaires à la fin de chaque chapitre aident le lecteur à extraire l'essentiel et à contrôler l'acquisition des notions développées. Ce livre est destiné aux étudiants en 1er cycle de biochimie et de biologie, aux étudiants en sciences médicales, et à ceux préparant les concours de l'enseignement (Capes en particulier).

This book introduces novel purification technology for the complex oligonucleotide libraries. Since the concept of synthesizing oligonucleotides (oligos) has been proposed, research fields such as nucleic acid-based therapies (CRISPR-Cas9, DNA/RNA vaccines, RNAi), synthetic biology, protein engineering, and DNA-based data storage have bloomed. The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the potential of nucleic acid-based technologies, such as vaccines or diagnostics. As they emerge as the most promising weapons against the current pandemic, increasing need for highly accessible nucleic acid purification technologies is expected. To meet this demand, an oligo purification technology that can be applied to complex oligo libraries and can purify oligos with single-base resolution is developed. In addition, the purification technology can be applied to highly complex oligo libraries of different lengths, enabling the simultaneous purification of complex oligo libraries with different lengths. The proposed technology can be easily accessed by users and would help accelerate numerous research fields that utilize oligos as fundamental building blocks.

DNA Repair and Replication brings together contributions from active researchers. The first part of this book covers most aspects of the DNA damage response, emphasizing the relationship to replication stress. The second part concentrates on the relevance of this to human disease, with particular focus on both the causes and treatments which make use of DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathways.Key Selling Features: Chapters written by leading researchers Includes description of replication processes, causes of damage, and methods of repair

This texts discusses DNA replication in plants including chapters on; functional chromosomal structure, the biochemistry of DNA replication, Control of DNA replication, Replication of plant organelle DNA, replication of DNA viruses in plants, and DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis.

This book reviews the latest trends and future directions of DNA replication research. The contents reflect upon the principles that have been established through the genetic and enzymatic studies of bacterial, viral, and cellular replication during the past decades. The book begins with a historical overview of the studies on eukaryotic DNA replication by Professor Thomas Kelly, a pioneer of the field. The following chapters include genome-wide studies of replication origins and initiation factor binding, as well as the timing of DNA replications, mechanisms of initiation, DNA chain elongation and termination of DNA replication, the structural basis of functions of protein complexes responsible for execution of DNA replication, cell cycle-dependent regulation of DNA replication, the nature of replication stress and cells'strategy to deal with the stress, and finally how all these phenomena are interconnected to genome instability and development of various diseases. By reviewing the existing concepts ranging from the old principles to the newest ideas, the book gives readers an opportunity to learn how the classical replication principles are now being modified and new concepts are being generated to explain how genome DNA replication is achieved with such high adaptability and plasticity. With the development of new methods including cryoelectron microscopy analyses of huge protein complexes, single molecular analyses of initiation and elongation of DNA replication, and total reconstitution of eukaryotic DNA replication with purified factors, the field is enjoying one of its most exciting moments, and this highly timely book conveys that excitement to all interested readers.

DNA Replication Across Taxa, the latest volume in The Enzymes series summarizes the most important discoveries associated with DNA replication. - Contains contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of enzymes

This book is a comprehensive review of the detailed molecular mechanisms of and functional crosstalk among the replication, recombination, and repair of DNA (collectively called the'3Rs') and the related processes, with special consciousness of their biological and clinical consequences. The 3Rs are fundamental molecular mechanisms for organisms to maintain and sometimes intentionally alter genetic information. DNA replication, recombination, and repair, individually, have been important subjects of molecular biology since its emergence, but we have recently become aware that the 3Rs are actually much more intimately related to one another than we used to realize. Furthermore, the 3R research fields have been growing even more interdisciplinary, with better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying other important processes, such as chromosome structures and functions, cell cycle and checkpoints, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and so on. This book comprises 7 parts and 21 chapters: Part 1 (Chapters 1–3), DNA Replication; Part 2 (Chapters 4–6), DNA Recombination; Part 3 (Chapters 7–9), DNA Repair; Part 4 (Chapters 10–13), Genome Instability and Mutagenesis; Part 5 (Chapters 14–15), Chromosome Dynamics and Functions; Part 6 (Chapters 16–18), Cell Cycle and Checkpoints; Part 7 (Chapters 19–21), Interplay with Transcription and Epigenetic Regulation. This volume should attract the great interest of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and senior scientists in broad research fields of basic molecular biology, not only the core 3Rs, but also the various related fields (chromosome, cell cycle, transcription, epigenetics, and similar areas). Additionally, researchers in neurological sciences, developmental biology, immunology, evolutionary biology, and many other fields will find this book valuable.

This work describes the current knowledge of biochemical mechanisms regulating initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli, which focuses on the control of activity of the DnaA protein. Examples of direct linkages between DNA replication and other cellular processes are provided. In addition, similarities of the mechanisms of regulation of DNA replication operating in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are identified, and implications for understanding more complex processes, like carcinogenesis are suggested.Studies of recent years provided evidence that regulation of DNA replication in bacteria is more complex than previously anticipated. Multiple layers of control seem to ensure coordination of this process with the increase of cellular mass and the division cycle. Metabolic processes and membrane composition may serve as points where integration of genome replication with growth conditions occurs. It is also likely that coupling of DNA synthesis with cellular metabolism may involve interactions of replication proteins with other macromolecular complexes, responsible for various cellular processes. Thus, the exact set of factors participating in triggering the replication initiation may differ depending on growth conditions. Therefore, understanding the regulation of DNA duplication requires placing this process in the context of the current knowledge on bacterial metabolism, as well as cellular and chromosomal structure. Moreover, in both Escherichia coli and eukaryotic cells, replication initiator proteins were shown to play other roles in addition to driving the assembly of replication complexes, which constitutes another, yet not sufficiently understood, layer of coordinating DNA replication with the cellcycle.

This book reviews the main concepts concerning DNA damage due to environmental carcinogens, the effects of DNA damage on DNA replication using a single DNA polymerase or DNA replisome, and the effects of carcinogens on various cell activities. It also introduces the detailed protocols for bypassing DNA damage. As we know, various environmental carcinogens are produced as a result of industry, agriculture, chemical engineering and vehicle exhaust in our daily life. It has been reported that the environmental carcinogens can be connected to tumors and cancer, directly threatening human health. In this regard, DNA replication is highly susceptible to damage. This book provides graduate students and researchers with an overview of the effects of environmental carcinogens on DNA replication and biological activities in cells. It offers important information for research in the areas of biochemistry, cell biology, medicine, toxicology and public health.