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Common sense tells us that verbal communication should be a central concern both for the study of communication and for the study of language. Language is the most pervasive means of communication in human societies, especially if we consider the huge gamut of communication phenomena where spoken and written language combines with other modalities, such as gestures or pictures. Most communication researchers have to deal with issues of language use in their work. Classic methods in communication research - from content analysis to interviews and questionnaires, not to mention the obvious cases of rhetorical analysis and discourse analysis - presuppose the understanding of the meaning of spontaneous or elicited verbal productions. Despite its pervasiveness, verbal communication does not currently define one cohesive and distinct subfield within the communication discipline.The Handbook of Verbal Communication seeks to address this gap. In doing so, it draws not only on the communication discipline, but also on the rich interdisciplinary research on language and communication that developed over the last fifty years as linguistics interacted with the social sciences and the cognitive sciences. The interaction of linguistic research with the social sciences has produced a plethora of approaches to the study of meanings in social context - from conversation analysis to critical discourse analysis, while cognitive research on verbal communication, carried out in cognitive pragmatics as well as in cognitive linguistics, has offered insights into the interaction between language, inference and persuasion and into cognitive processes such as framing or metaphorical mapping.The Handbook of Verbal Communication volume takes into account these two traditions selecting those issues and themes that are most relevant for communication scholars. It addresses background matters such as the evolution of human verbal communication and the relationship between verbal and non-verbal means of communication and offers a an extensive discussion of the explicit and implicit meanings of verbal messages, with a focus on emotive and figurative meanings. Conversation and fundamental types of discourse, such as argument and narrative, are presented in-depth, as is the key notion of discourse genre. The nature of writing systems as well as the interaction of spoken or written language with non-verbal modalities are devoted ample attention.Different contexts of language use are considered, from the mass media and the new media to the organizational contexts. Cultural and linguistic diversity is addressed, with a focus on phenomena such as multilingual communication and translation.A key feature of the volume is the coverage of verbal communication quality. Quality is examined both from a cognitive and from a social perspective. It covers topics that range from to the cognitive processes underlying deceptive communication to the methods that can be used to assess the quality of texts in an organizational context.

The four-volume set LNCS 8925, 8926, 8927, and 8928 comprises the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Workshops that took place in conjunction with the 13th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2014, held in Zurich, Switzerland, in September 2014.The 203 workshop papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. They where presented at workshops with the following themes: where computer vision meets art; computer vision in vehicle technology; spontaneous facial behavior analysis; consumer depth cameras for computer vision;'chalearn'looking at people: pose, recovery, action/interaction, gesture recognition; video event categorization, tagging and retrieval towards big data; computer vision with local binary pattern variants; visual object tracking challenge; computer vision + ontology applies cross-disciplinary technologies; visual perception of affordance and functional visual primitives for scene analysis; graphical models in computer vision; light fields for computer vision; computer vision for road scene understanding and autonomous driving; soft biometrics; transferring and adapting source knowledge in computer vision; surveillance and re-identification; color and photometry in computer vision; assistive computer vision and robotics; computer vision problems in plant phenotyping; and non-rigid shape analysis and deformable image alignment. Additionally, a panel discussion on video segmentation is included.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Spatial Cognition, Spatial Cognition 2014, held in Bremen, Germany, in September 2014. The 27 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully selected and reviewed from 53 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on spatial memory; language and communication; wayfinding and navigation; computational models; diagrams and maps; technical approaches; and spatial ability.

The primary goal of the volume on'Visual Communication'is to provide a collection of high quality, accessible papers that offer an overview of the different academic approaches to Visual Communication, the different theoretical perspectives on which they are based, the methods of analysis used and the different media and genre that have come under analysis. There is no such existing volume that draws together this range of closely related material generally found in much less related areas of research, including semiotics, art history, design, and new media theory. The volume has a total of 34 individual chapters that are organized into two sections: theories and methods, and areas of visual analysis. The chapters are all written by quality theorists and researchers, with a view that the research should be accessible to non-specialists in their own field while at the same time maintaining a high quality of work. The volume contains an introduction, which plots and locates the different approaches contained in it within broader developments and history of approaches to visual communication across different disciplines as each has attempted to define its terrain sometimes through unique concepts and methods sometimes through those borrowed and modified from others.

This is the seventh volume of a series of books on fundamental research in spatial cognition. As with past volumes, the research presented here spans a broad range of research traditions, for spatial cognition concerns not just the basic spatial behavior of biological and artificial agents, but also the reasoning processes that allow spatial planning across broad spatial and temporal scales. Spatial information is critical for coordinated action and thus agents interacting with objects and moving among objects must be able to perceive spatial relations, learn about these relations, and act on them, or store the information for later use, either by themselves or communicated to others. Research on this problem has included both psychology, which works to understand how humans and other mobile organisms solve these problems, and computer science, which considers the nature of the information available in the world and a formal consideration of how these problems might be solved. Research on human spatial cognition also involves the application of representations and processes that may have evolved to handle object and location information to reasoning about higher-order problems, such as displaying non-spatial information in diagrams. Thus, work in s- tial cognition extends beyond psychology and computer science into many disciplines including geography and education. The Spatial Cognition conference offers one of the few forums for consideration of the issues spanning this broad academic range.

The 33rd Annual German Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence (KI 2010) took place at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, September 21–24, 2010, under the motto “Anthropomatic Systems.” In this volume you will?nd the keynote paper and 49 papers of oral and poster presentations. The papers were selected from 73 submissions, resulting in an acceptance rate of 67%. As usual at the KI conferences, two entire days were allocated for targeted workshops—seventhis year—andone tutorial. The workshopand tutorialma- rials are not contained in this volume, but the conference website, www.ki2010.kit.edu,will provide information and references to their contents. Recent trends in AI research have been focusing on anthropomatic systems, which address synergies between humans and intelligent machines. This trend is emphasized through the topics of the overall conference program. They include learning systems, cognition, robotics, perception and action, knowledge rep- sentation and reasoning, and planning and decision making. Many topics deal with uncertainty in various scenarios and incompleteness of knowledge. Summarizing, KI 2010 provides a cross section of recent research in modern AI methods and anthropomatic system applications. We are very grateful that Jos´ edel Mill´ an, Hans-Hellmut Nagel, Carl Edward Rasmussen, and David Vernon accepted our invitation to give a talk.

KI 2008 was the 31st Annual German Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence held September 23–26 at the University of Kaiserslautern and the German Research Center for Arti?cial Intelligence DFKI GmbH in Kaiserslautern, Germany. The conference series started in 1975 with the German Workshop on AI (GWAI), which took place in Bonn, and represents the?rst forum of its type for the German AI Community. Over the years AI has become a major?eld in c- puter scienceinGermanyinvolvinga numberof successfulprojects thatreceived much international attention. Today KI conferences are international forums where participants from academia and industry from all over the world meet to exchange their recent research results and to discuss trends in the?eld. Since 1993 the meeting has been called the “Annual German Conference on Arti?cial Intelligence,” designated by the German acronym KI. This volume contains the papers selected out of 77 submissions, including a number of submissions from outside German-speaking countries. In total, 15 submissions (19%) were accepted for oral and 30 (39%) for poster presentation. Oralpresentationsattheconferenceweresingletrack. Becauseofthis,thechoice of presentation form (oral, poster) was based on how well reviews indicated that the paper would?t into one or the other format. The proceedings allocate the same space to both types of papers. In addition, we selected six papers that show high application potential - scribing systems or prototypical implementations of innovative AI technologies. They are also included in this volume as two-page extended abstracts.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Spatial Cognition, Spatial Cognition 2008, held in Freiburg, Germany, in September 2008. The 27 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 54 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on spatial orientation, spatial navigation, spatial learning, maps and modalities, spatial communication, spatial language, similarity and abstraction, concepts and reference frames, as well as spatial modeling and spatial reasoning.

The 12th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCI Inter- tional 2007, was held in Beijing, P.R. China, 22-27 July 2007, jointly with the Symposium on Human Interface (Japan) 2007, the 7th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, the 2nd International Conf- ence on Virtual Reality, the 2nd International Conference on Usability and Inter- tionalization, the 2nd International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing, the 3rd International Conference on Augmented Cognition, and the 1st International Conference on Digital Human Modeling. A total of 3403 individuals from academia, research institutes, industry and g- ernmental agencies from 76 countries submitted contributions, and 1681 papers, judged to be of high scientific quality, were included in the program. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlightthe human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation th- oughly cover the entire field of Human-Computer Interaction, addressing major - vances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. This volume, edited by Dylan D. Schmorrow and Leah M. Reeves, contains papers in the thematic area of Augmented Cognition, addressing the following major topics: • Augmented Cognition Methods and Techniques • Applications of Augmented Cognition

This volume contains the proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Soft Computing and Applications (WILF 2005), which took place in Crema, Italy, on September 15–17, 2005, continuing an established tradition of biannual meetings among researchers and developers from both academia and industry to report on the latest scienti?c and theoretical advances, to discuss and debate major issues, and to demonstrate state-of-the-art systems. This edition of the workshop included two special sessions, sort of subwo- shops, focusing on the application of soft computing techniques (or compu- tional intelligence) to image processing (SCIP) and bioinformatics (CIBB). WILF began life in Naples in 1995. Subsequent editions of this event took place in 1997 in Bari, in 1999 in Genoa, in 2001 in Milan, and in 2003 back in Naples. Soft computing, also known as computational intelligence, di?ers from c- ventional (hard) computing in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of - precision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation. The guiding principle of soft computing is to exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation to achieve tractability, robustness, and low solution cost. The main components of soft computing are fuzzy logic, neural computing, and evolutionary computation.

A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.• Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention• Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader• Includes the most recent research results in this field of study

An essential reference book for visual science.Visual science is the model system for neuroscience, its findings relevant to all other areas. This massive collection of papers by leading researchers in the field will become an essential reference for researchers and students in visual neuroscience, and will be of importance to researchers and professionals in other disciplines, including molecular and cellular biology, cognitive science, ophthalmology, psychology, computer science, optometry, and education.Over 100 chapters cover the entire field of visual neuroscience, from its historical foundations to the latest research and findings in molecular mechanisms and network modeling. The book is organized by topic—different sections cover such subjects as the history of vision science; developmental processes; retinal mechanisms and processes; organization of visual pathways; subcortical processing; processing in the primary visual cortex; detection and sampling; brightness and color; form, shape, and object recognition; motion, depth, and spatial relationships; eye movements; attention and cognition; and theoretical and computational perspectives. The list of contributors includes leading international researchers in visual science.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Visual Form, IWVF-4, held in Capri, Italy, in May 2001.The 66 revised full papers presented together with seven invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 117 submissions. The book covers theoretical and applicative aspects of visual form processing. The papers are organized in topical sections on representation, analysis, recognition, modelling and retrieval, and applications.

The Conference on Spatial Information Theory – COSIT – grew out of a series of workshops / NATO Advanced Study Institutes / NSF specialist meetings concerned with cognitive and applied aspects of representing large-scale space, particularly geographic space. In these meetings, the need for a well-founded theory of spatial information processing was identified. The COSIT conference series was established in 1993 as a biennial interdisciplinary European conference on the representation and processing of information about large-scale space, after a successful international conference on the topic had been organized by Andrew Frank et al. in Pisa, Italy, in 1992 (frequently referred to as ‘COSIT zero'). After two successful European conferences with strong North-American participation (COSIT'93, held on the Island of Elba, Italy; COSIT'95, held in Semmering, Austria), the conference became a truly international enterprise when COSIT'97 was held in the Laurel Highlands, Pennsylvania, USA. COSIT'99 will take place in Stade, Germany. All aspects of large-scale space, i. e. spaces too large to be seen from a single vantage point, are addressed in the COSIT conferences. These include spaces of geographic scale, as well as smaller spaces in which humans, animals, or autonomous robots have to find their way around. Spatial information theory also deals with the description of objects, processes, or events in spatial environments and it forms the foundation for the construction of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and for spatial information and communication system design in general.

Spatial cognition is an interdisciplinary research area involving artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, computational linguistics, geography, mathematics, biology, theoretical computer science, architecture, design, and philosophy of mind. As these different disciplines gain a deeper understanding of their fellow disciplines and their research approaches, they increasingly find ways to combine their insights and to conceive powerful mechanisms to analyze and synthesize cognitive systems. Spatial cognition has now reached a point where we can see how different pieces of the puzzle may fit together to form integrated systems of specialized cognitive components. The research triggers new quests for basic issues of cognition and sparks ideas for the development of technological applications that make use of spatial structures and spatial computation. Potential applications can be found in such diverse areas as autonomous robotics, geographic information systems, locati- based services, spatial task assistance, multi-agent communication, to name but a few. This third volume on Spatial Cognition marks the final phase of the German Spatial Cognition Priority Program. It augments the results presented in the two precursor volumes published in 1998 and 2000, respectively. The interdisciplinary 1 research program was established by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in 1996 and terminated after six years, the maximum duration of DFG priority programs. The Spatial Cognition Priority Program consists of 17 research projects at 13 research institutions throughout Germany. Besides carrying out research in individual projects and joint research between projects, the program organized ‘topical colloquia'and annual plenary colloquia, largely with internationalparticipation.

This state-of-the-art book deals with the most important aspects of non-linear imaging challenges. The need for engineering and mathematical methods is essential for defining non-linear effects involved in such areas as computer vision, optical imaging, computer pattern recognition, and industrial automation challenges. - Presents the latest developments in a variety of filter design techniques and algorithms - Contains essential information for development of Human Vision Systems (HVS) - Provides foundations for digital imaging and image capture technology

Uncertainty Proceedings 1991