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This updated book introduces a new process-oriented approach towards speech quality assessment. Using multiple methods, this approach allows readers to investigate the influence of speech transmission quality on perceptual and cognitive processes in human listeners. Fundamental concepts and methods related to the topic of process-oriented speech quality assessment are introduced and discussed. Moreover, a functional process model of speech quality perception is described, which theoretically integrates the results obtained in three experimental studies. This book's conceptual ideas, empirical findings, and theoretical interpretations should be of particular interest to researchers working in the fields of Quality and Usability Engineering, Audio Engineering, Psychoacoustics, Psychophysiology, and Audiology.

Ce livre donne toutes les informations sur les troubles neurocognitifs et leur prise en charge orthophonique. Il détaille les dernières pratiques depuis leur évaluation jusqu'aux stratégies de rééducation. Tout pour la pratique orthophonique! La référence indispensable en orthophonie de l'adulte. Les deux tomes de ce livre regroupent une équipe internationale de 60 cliniciens et chercheurs pour vous livrer l'état de l'art de la neurologie adulte en orthophonie. Vous y trouverez : l'examen exhaustif, sur les plans théorique et clinique, de nombreux domaines cognitifs (lexique, syntaxe, pragmatique, déglutition, fonctions exécutives) ; l'analyse des pathologies les plus courantes rencontrées en orthophonie ; toutes les recommandations de prise en soins, actualisées et rédigées par des experts reconnus dans leur domaine. D'une richesse incomparable et entièrement tourné vers la pratique orthophonique, ce livre intéressera : les étudiants, qui auront accès aux données les plus fiables en neurologie ; les orthophonistes, pour les guider dans l'évaluation des patients et leur prise en soins ; tous les spécialistes de l'évaluation cognitive – et en particulier du langage et de la communication. Ce premier tome contient : 1. Données anatomocliniques 2. Aspect neuro-auditif : du décodage auditif vers le lexique 3. Du lexique à l'exécution motrice de la parole 4. Syntaxe 5. Communication et pragmatique 6. Langage écrit 7. Fonctions exécutives et mnésiques 8. Calcul 9. Aspects neurovisuels 10. Place des proches aidants dans l'évaluation orthophonique 11. Parole 12. Déglutition 13. Motricité de la face 14. Regards sur quelques pathologies évolutives 15. Regards sur les AVC, TC et processus tumoraux 16. Psychométrie clinique et outils 17. Bilan

This atlas is a superb guide to the use of PET-CT for the evaluation of treatment response in oncology patients based on its ability to assess tumor metabolic status. The first part of the book explains the role of PET-CT in response evaluation in different treatment settings. For comparison, overviews of the value and limitations of CT alone, PET alone, and anatomical and functional MRI are included. Guidance is also provided on the reporting of PET-CT scans in post-therapy scenarios. The second part of the book describes and illustrates the use of PET-CT with FDG and other tracers to assess the treatment response of malignancies at different anatomic sites. Featuring a wealth of images, informative case-based discussion, and evidence-based teaching points, these disease-specific chapters clearly demonstrate the key role that PET-CT can play in distinguishing early responders from patients who are non-responders or are resistant to treatment. Prompt and accurate evaluation of treatment response is vital as we enter the era of individualized medicine, and this atlas will persuade readers of the considerable advantages of PET-CT over conventional radiological and clinical methods.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management Applications, CISIM 2021, held in Ełk, Poland, September 24–26, 2021. The 38 papers presented together with 1 invited speech and 3 abstracts of keynotes were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions. The main topics covered by the chapters in this book are mobile and pervasive computing, machine learning, high performance computing, image processing, industrial management. Additionally, the reader will find interesting papers on computer information systems, biometrics, security systems, and sensor network service. The contributions are organized in the following topical sections: biometrics and pattern recognition applications; computer information systems and security; industrial management and other applications; machine learning and artificial neural networks; modelling and optimization, and others.Chapter 24'A first step towards automated species recognition from camera trap images of mammals using AI in a European temperate forest'is published open access under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License).

Synchrotron radiation has been a revolutionary and invaluable research tool for a wide range of scientists, including chemists, biologists, physicists, materials scientists, geophysicists. It has also found multidisciplinary applications with problems ranging from archeology through cultural heritage to paleontology. The subject of this book is x-ray spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation, and the target audience is both current and potential users of synchrotron facilities. The first half of the book introduces readers to the fundamentals of storage ring operations, the qualities of the synchrotron radiation produced, the x-ray optics required to transport this radiation, and the detectors used for measurements. The second half of the book describes the important spectroscopic techniques that use synchrotron x-rays, including chapters on x-ray absorption, x-ray fluorescence, resonant and non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering, nuclear spectroscopies, and x-ray photoemission. A final chapter surveys the exciting developments of free electron laser sources, which promise a second revolution in x-ray science. Thanks to the detailed descriptions in the book, prospective users will be able to quickly begin working with these techniques. Experienced users will find useful summaries, key equations, and exhaustive references to key papers in the field, as well as outlines of the historical developments in the field. Along with plentiful illustrations, this work includes access to supplemental Mathematica notebooks, which can be used for some of the more complex calculations and as a teaching aid. This book should appeal to graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and senior scientists alike.

This second and expanded edition of the first book on agromining (phytomining) presents a comprehensive overview of the metal farming & recovery of the agromining production chain. Agromining is an emerging technology that aims to transform the extraction of sources of target elements not accessible by traditional mining and processing techniques. Agromining, which is based on sustainable development, uses hyperaccumulator plants as'metal crops'farmed on sub-economic soils or minerals wastes to obtain valuable target elements. This volume is edited and authored by the pioneers in the rapidly expanding field of agromining and presents the latest insights and developments in the field. This book provides in-depth information on the global distribution and ecology of hyperaccumulator plants, their biogeochemical pathways, the influence of rhizosphere microbes, the physiology and molecular biology of hyperaccumulation, as well as aspects of propagation and conservation of theseunusual plants. It describes the agronomy of metal crops and opportunities for incorporating agromining into rehabilitation and mine closure, including test cases for agromining of nickel, cobalt, manganese, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, zinc, thallium, rare earth elements and platinum group elements. Since the first edition was published, there have successful nickel agromining field trials in the tropics (in Malaysia and Guatemala), and these are presented in a dedicated case study chapter. Other new chapters focus on the processing of bio-ore for elements other than nickel, such as rare earth elements and cadmium, and on agromining from industrial wastes such as tailings, and industrial by-products and sites. Furthermore, the book features two new chapters that provide a comprehensive assessment of accumulation a very wide range elements from the Periodic Table in various plant species around the globe, and a chapter on practical methods for discovery of hyperaccumulator plantspecies in the field and in the herbarium. This book is of interest to environmental professionals in the minerals industry, government regulators, and academics.

Handbook of Algal Science, Microbiology, Technology and Medicine provides a concise introduction to the science, biology, technology and medical use of algae that is structured on the major research fronts of the last four decades, such as algal structures and properties, algal biomedicine, algal genomics, algal toxicology, and algal bioremediation, algal photosystems, algal ecology, algal bioenergy and biofuels. It also covers algal production for biomedicine, algal biomaterials, and algal medicinal foods within these primary sections. All chapters are authored by the leading researchers in their respective research fields. Our society currently faces insurmountable challenges in the areas of biomedicine and energy in the face of increasing global population and diminishing natural resources as well as the growing environmental and economic concerns, such as global warming, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Algae offer a way to deal with these challenges and concerns for both sustainable and environment friendly bioenergy production and in biomedicine through the development of crucial biotechnology. Provides an essential interdisciplinary introduction and handbook for all the stakeholders engaged in science, technology and medicine of algae Covers the major research streams of the last four decades, ranging from algal structures, to algal biomedicine and algal bioremediation Fills a significant market opening for an interdisciplinary handbook on algal science, technology and medicine

Roughly defined as any property other than pitch, duration, and loudness that allows two sounds to be distinguished, timbre is a foundational aspect of hearing. The remarkable ability of humans to recognize sound sources and events (e.g., glass breaking, a friend's voice, a tone from a piano) stems primarily from a capacity to perceive and process differences in the timbre of sounds. Timbre raises many important issues in psychology and the cognitive sciences, musical acoustics, speech processing, medical engineering, and artificial intelligence. Current research on timbre perception unfolds along three main fronts: On the one hand, researchers explore the principal perceptual processes that orchestrate timbre processing, such as the structure of its perceptual representation, sound categorization and recognition, memory for timbre, and its ability to elicit rich semantic associations, as well as the underlying neural mechanisms. On the other hand, timbre is studied as part of specificscenarios, including the perception of the human voice, as a structuring force in music, as perceived with cochlear implants, and through its role in affecting sound quality and sound design. Finally, computational acoustic models are sought through prediction of psychophysical data, physiologically inspired representations, and audio analysis-synthesis techniques. Along these three scientific fronts, significant breakthroughs have been achieved during the last decade. This volume will be the first book dedicated to a comprehensive and authoritative presentation of timbre perception and cognition research and the acoustic modeling of timbre. The volume will serve as a natural complement to the SHAR volumes on the basic auditory parameters of Pitch edited by Plack, Oxenham, Popper, and Fay, and Loudness by Florentine, Popper, and Fay. Moreover, through the integration of complementary scientific methods ranging from signal processing to brain imaging, the book has the potential to leverage new interdisciplinary synergies in hearing science. For these reasons, the volume will be exceptionally valuable to various subfields of hearing science, including cognitive auditory neuroscience, psychoacoustics, music perception and cognition, but may even exert significant influence on fields such as musical acoustics, music information retrieval, and acoustic signal processing.It is expected that the volume will have broad appeal to psychologists, neuroscientists, and acousticians involved in research on auditory perception and cognition. Specifically, this book will have a strong impact on hearing researchers with interest in timbre and will serve as the key publication and up-to-date reference on timbre for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, as well as established scholars.

Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. - Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions

La comparaison de la civilisation hittite et de la civilisation romaine est d'un grand intérêt, en particulier quand elle concerne la religion et la mythologie. En s'appuyant sur les structures des langues et sur une lecture fonctionnaliste dumézilienne, l'auteur rapproche le dieu hittite Tarhunna et le dieu romain Jupiter, deux divinités aux caractères orageux, qui recourent à la violence pour faire respecter l'ordre cosmique. Ce livre est une véritable avancée dans la découverte de la poétique indo-européenne.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference of the 11th International Symposium on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval, CMMR 2015, held in Plymouth, UK, in June 2015. The 30 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 126 submissions. This year's post symposium edition contains peer-reviewed and revised articles centered around the conference theme “Music, Mind, and Embodiment”. It is divided into 6 sections devoted to various sound and technology issues with a particular emphasis on performance, music generation, composition, analysis and information retrieval, as well as relations between sound, motion and gestures and human perception and culture.

Was höre ich - jetzt? Wie höre ich in diesem Raum oder auf diesem Platz? Die Buchreihe Sound Studies möchte ein Sprechen aus, mit und über Klang eröffnen - über Fach- und Methodengrenzen hinweg, über die Grenzen wissenschaftlichen Sprechens hinaus. Es werden Fragen gestellt nach dem gegenwärtigen, historischen und künftigen Leben von Menschen und Tieren mit Dingen und Lauten; nach den Sounds, die sie gestalten, durch die sie handeln und fremde wie auch vermeintlich vertraute Kulturen erkunden. Der erste Band bietet eine Einführung in Traditionen, aktuelle künstlerische Ansätze und gegenwärtige Methoden - eine allgemeine Einführung in das Forschungsfeld Sound Studies, welches quer zu etablierten Disziplinen und Ausdrucksformen liegt. Er versammelt Texte zu historischen Beispielen der elektronischen Musik, des Radios und der Netzmusik, zu funktionalen Klängen, zur Akustischen Architektur, zur Pop- und Medienmusikwissenschaft, zu medienhistorischen Betrachtungen von Zeit und Klang, zur akustischen Markenkommunikation und zu experimentell-künstlerischen Ansätzen. Mit Beiträgen von Sam Auinger, Roger Behrens, Diedrich Diederichsen, Florian Dombois, Wolfgang Ernst, Golo Föllmer, Thomas Hermann, Daniel Ott, Holger Schulze, Martin Supper, Elena Ungeheuer, Carl-Frank Westermann u.v.a.m.

A comprehensive overview of the possibilities and potential of X-ray scattering using nanofocused beams for probing matter at the nanoscale, including guidance on the design of nanobeam experiments. The monograph discusses various sources, including free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation and other portable and non-portable X-ray sources. For scientists using synchrotron radiation or students and scientists with a background in X-ray scattering methods in general.

Nematodes are a highly assorted group of invertebrates occupying many terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Recent research has focused on the examination of nematode life history and biological traits to reflect the key functional attributes and infer the effects of environmental variables and human activities. In this book, the authors discuss the interaction between lectins and nematodes, biodiversity and distribution of nematodes belonging to the families Longidoridae and Trichodoridae in different habitats, the analytical method for chemical characterization of nematodes, and the uses of plants as natural sources of nematicides.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval, CMMR 2013, held in Marseille, France, in October 2013. The 38 conference papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 94 submissions. The chapters reflect the interdisciplinary nature of this conference with following topics: augmented musical instruments and gesture recognition, music and emotions: representation, recognition, and audience/performers studies, the art of sonification, when auditory cues shape human sensorimotor performance, music and sound data mining, interactive sound synthesis, non-stationarity, dynamics and mathematical modeling, image-sound interaction, auditory perception and cognitive inspiration, and modeling of sound and music computational musicology.

A Step-by-step guide to the synthesis and characterization of metal-polymer nanocomposites Polymer nanocomposites, polymers that are reinforced with nano-sized particles, provide enhanced mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier properties. Continued research and development of new polymer nanocomposites promises to provide enhanced materials to a broad range of industries, such as plastics, aerospace, automotive, electronics, packaging, and biomedical devices. Structured as a practical laboratory manual, this book enables readers to expertly synthesize and characterize metal-polymer nanocomposites by clearly setting forth the principles and techniques. Nanocomposites: In Situ Synthesis of Polymer-Embedded Nanostructures features contributions from an international team of materials science and nanotechnology experts. Chapters reflect the authors'critical review of the literature as well as their own laboratory experience working with polymer nanocomposites. The book begins with a detailed introduction to the science, properties, and applications of metal-polymer nanocomposites. Next, it covers such topics as: Morphological and topological concepts Phase separation and nanoparticle aggregation Methods for the synthesis of nanocomposites Morphological control Characterization techniques and data analysis methods Toxicity considerations High-resolution images of metal nanoparticles, created by transmission electron microscopy, are provided throughout the book. There are also plenty of process schemes and detailed drawings, helping readers better understand how to synthesize, characterize, and use these composite materials. A bibliography at the end of each chapter provides a gateway to original research papers and reviews in the field. With its focus on the practical steps of synthesis and characterization, Nanocomposites: In Situ Synthesis of Polymer-Embedded Nanostructures is recommended for both students and practitioners in nanotechnology, polymer science, and materials science and engineering.

Un cancer ORL fait appel à des thérapeutiques carcinologiques lourdes et non dénuées de complications dont la connaissance est indispensable pour tous les intervenants de la cancérologie ORL. Les traitements laissent des séquelles plus ou moins importantes qui, par leur multiplicité, obèrent la qualité de vie des patients et sont au premier plan de leurs doléances. Il peut s'agir de séquelles esthétiques dans une région anatomique ayant une charge relationnelle et sociétale majeure, avec des cicatrices multiples, des défects de tissus osseux, musculaire, cutané ou dentaire. Les séquelles fonctionnelles par déficit musculaire, nerveux, cutané altèrent la reprise d'activité professionnelle ou personnelle. Les séquelles sensorielles telles que les atteintes du goût ou de l'odorat perturbent largement la qualité de vie des patients. Enfin, les séquelles dans le domaine de la communication par atteinte de l'élocution, de l'audition ou du toucher sont source d'isolement encore plus important. Aux séquelles locorégionales peuvent s'ajouter des séquelles générales liées aux traitements oncologiques médicaux. Ce rapport est destiné à tous les acteurs de la prise en charge de la cancérologie ORL, dans un esprit de multidisciplinarité. Il liste les complications et séquelles, fait des propositions thérapeutiques et envisage des voies de prévention, afin que réhabilitation rime systématiquement avec traitement du cancer.

Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial - Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in agriculture - Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues - Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field

The demand for new materials with novel properties on the micro- and nano-scale continues to grow. This book provides an overview of state-of-the-art techniques for the synthesis and characterization of inorganic nanomaterials including sonochemistry, microwave dielectric heating, sonoelectrochemistry and RAPET, high-throughput experimentation in heterogeneous catalyst research, photoluminescence, and methods for surface structuring. Imaging techniques include X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray microimaging (SAXS,WAXS & GISAXS), electron microscopy, and solid state NMR. The work is essential reading for all researchers in academia and industry working in the field of nanosciences.

This completely revised successor to the Handbook of Microscopy supplies in-depth coverage of all imaging technologies from the optical to the electron and scanning techniques. Adopting a twofold approach, the book firstly presents the various technologies as such, before going on to cover the materials class by class, analyzing how the different imaging methods can be successfully applied. It covers the latest developments in techniques, such as in-situ TEM, 3D imaging in TEM and SEM, as well as a broad range of material types, including metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, minerals, quasicrystals, amorphous solids, among others. The volumes are divided between methods and applications, making this both a reliable reference and handbook for chemists, physicists, biologists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as graduate students and their lecturers.

This special volume of Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics details the current theory, experiments, and applications of neutron and x-ray optics and microscopy for an international readership across varying backgrounds and disciplines. Edited by Dr. Ted Cremer, these volumes attempt to provide rapid assimilation of the presented topics that include neutron and x-ray scatter, refraction, diffraction, and reflection and their potential application. - Contributions from leading authorities - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

Finding new materials for copper/low-k interconnects is critical to the continuing development of computer chips. While copper/low-k interconnects have served well, allowing for the creation of Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) devices which combine over a billion transistors onto a single chip, the increased resistance and RC-delay at the smaller scale has become a significant factor affecting chip performance. Advanced Interconnects for ULSI Technology is dedicated to the materials and methods which might be suitable replacements. It covers a broad range of topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and application of new materials for nano-interconnects, and discusses: Interconnect functions, characterisations, electrical properties and wiring requirements Low-k materials: fundamentals, advances and mechanical properties Conductive layers and barriers Integration and reliability including mechanical reliability, electromigration and electrical breakdown New approaches including 3D, optical, wireless interchip, and carbon-based interconnects Intended for postgraduate students and researchers, in academia and industry, this book provides a critical overview of the enabling technology at the heart of the future development of computer chips.

Adopting a didactical approach from fundamentals to actual experiments and applications, this handbook and ready reference covers real-time observations using modern scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, while also providing information on the required stages and samples. The text begins with introductory material and the basics, before describing advancements and applications in dynamic transmission electron microscopy and reflection electron microscopy. Subsequently, the techniques needed to determine growth processes, chemical reactions and oxidation, irradiation effects, mechanical, magnetic, and ferroelectric properties as well as cathodoluminiscence and electromigration are discussed.

Since the discovery of the pancreatic secretagogue secretin by W. M. BAYLISS and E. H. STARLING at the inception of the twentieth century, intense interest has focused on numerous, continually expanding classes of small peptides which appear to serve as regulatory molecules in the gastrointestinal tract, brain, and other organ systems. Initially, many of these substances were, like secretin, discovered in functional assays as'factors'or'activities'extractable in minute quantities from tissues or tissue fluids. By the middle of the century, advances in biochemical and immunological methods for the purification, characterization, and quantification of biologically active peptides in organ systems, tissues, and body fluids provided further impetus to this field. It was readily appreciated that small, biologically active peptides were particularly abundant in the digestive tract. Many peptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, and more recently peptide YY and galanin were in fact originally discovered in and isolated from gut tissue. Moreover, these peptides were found to have profound actions on the gastroenteropancreatic system in vivo and in vitro. During the past 2 decades, information on regulatory peptides has burgeoned as a result of technological refinements in the synthesis of peptides, improved methods for detecting and visualizing peptides and their precursors in cells and tissues from a variety of species, advances in the functional assessment of peptide activity, and the application of molecular biological techniques to the char­ acterization of peptide gene structure and expression.

Understanding radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is essential to the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and key to assessing potential environmental risks reliably. Minimising those risks is essential to enhancing public confidence in nuclear technology. Scientific knowledge in this field has developed greatly over the last decade.Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration.After an introductory chapter, part one explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment, including aquatic chemistry and the impact of natural organic matter and microorganisms. Part two discusses the migration and radioecological behavior of radionuclides. Topics include hydrogeology, sorption and colloidal reactions as well as in-situ investigations. Principles of modelling coupled geochemical, transport and radioecological properties are also discussed. Part three covers application issues: assessment of radionuclide behaviour in contaminated sites, taking Chernobyl as an example, estimation of radiological exposure to the population, performance assessment considerations related to deep geological repositories, and remediation concepts for contaminated sites.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Radionuclide behaviour in the natural environment is an essential tool for all those interested or involved in nuclear energy, from researchers, designers and industrial operators to environmental scientists. It also provides a comprehensive guide for academics of all levels in this field. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes and parameters affecting radionuclide mobility and migration - Explores radionuclide chemistry in the natural environment - Discusses the migration and radioecological behaviour of radionuclides

Some online versions lack accompanying media packaged with the printed version.

Measurements with persons are those in which human perception and interpretation are used for measuring complex, holistic quantities and qualities, which are perceived by the human brain and mind. Providing means for reproducible measurement of parameters such as pleasure and pain has important implications in evaluating all kind of products, services, and conditions.This book inaugurates a new era for this subject: a multi- and inter-disciplinary volume in which world-renowned scientists from the psychological, physical, biological, and social sciences reach a common understanding of measurement theory and methods. In the first section, generic theoretical and methodological issues are treated, including the conceptual basis of measurement in the various fields involved; the development of formal, representational, and probabilistic theories; the approach to experimentation; and the theories, models, and methods for multidimensional problems. In the second section, several implementation areas are presented, including sound, visual, skin, and odor perception, functional brain imagining, body language and emotions, and, finally, the use of measurements in decision makingMeasurement with Persons will appeal to a wide audience across a range of sciences, including general psychology and psychophysics, measurement theory, metrology and instrumentation, neurophysiology, engineering, biology, and chemistry.

The human-computer interactions are more and more present in our everyday life, and lead to many conceptual and methodological problems for the designers and evaluators of interactive systems. This book is about Human-Computer Interaction in Transport domain, in which the traveler becomes a user of information systems, particularly before and during the travel(s). This book will focus on traveler information and personalized systems, using a human-centered design approach.

“Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery” is an Ebook series devoted to publishing the latest and the most important advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Eminent scientists write contributions on all areas of rational drug design and drug discovery including medicinal chemistry, in-silico drug design, combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, drug targets, recent important patents, and structure-activity relationships. The Ebook series should prove to be of interest to all pharmaceutical scientists involved in research in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. Each volume is devoted to the major advances in Anti-Cancer drug design and discovery. The Ebook series is essential reading to all scientists involved in drug design and discovery who wish to keep abreast of rapid and important developments in the field.

Cet ouvrage collectif a mobilisé plus de cent chercheurs, principalement du CEA et de l'IRSN. Il constitue une mise en commun sans précédent des connaissances et des approches méthodologiques et expérimentales de physiciens, de chimistes, de biologistes et de médecins. Toxicologie nucléaire environnementale et humaine développe plus spécifiquement les connaissances acquises sur les éléments suivants : uranium, plutonium, césium, iode, cadmium, sélénium, cobalt, tritium et carbone 14.L'ouvrage est articulé en cinq parties qui abordent successivement :Le comportement des espèces chimiques dans la biosphère, particulièrement chez le vivant : spéciation, biodisponibilité, voies de transfert, flux biogéochimiques, acteurs moléculaires du transport dans le vivant.Les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires des interactions chez le vivant des éléments retenus, et le retentissement sur les grandes fonctions des organismes et les conséquences sur la santé humaine et les écosystèmes. Une synthèse de l'état des connaissances élément par élément. Outre des informations opérationnelles sur leurs propriétés physico-chimiques, leur origine, leur concentration dans les différents milieux de la biosphère, on y trouvera des indications en matière de gestion du risque, et les données de base d'une analyse qualitative et quantitative des voies d'exposition de l'environnement et de l'Homme.Les nouveaux développements technologiques ouverts grâce aux progrès des connaissances. Les champs d'applications, multiples et complémentaires, vont de la détection aux traitements de contaminations, de l'environnement à l'Homme.

Plant Systems Biology is an excellent new addition to the increasingly well-known and respected Annual Plant Reviews. Split into two parts, this title offers the reader: A fundamental conceptual framework for Systems Biology including Network Theory The progress achieved for diverse model organisms: Prokaryotes, C. elegans and Arabidopsis The diverse sources of'omic'information necessary for a systems understanding of plants Insights into the software tools developed for systems biology Interesting case studies regarding applications including nitrogen-use, flowering-time and root development Ecological and evolutionary considerations regarding living systems This volume captures the cutting edge of systems biology research and aims to be an introductory material for undergraduate and graduate students as well as plant and agricultural scientists, molecular biologists, geneticists and microbiologists. It also serves as a foundation in the biological aspects of the field for interested computer scientists. Libraries in all universities and research establishments where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught and integrated with Computer Sciences should have copies of this important volume on their shelves.

Der vorliegende Band der dritten Auflage des Gesamtwerkes „Pathologie'enthält die Pathologie der Kopf- und Halsregion, der Weichgewebstumoren sowie der Haut. Die Pathologie der Kopf- und Halsregion umfasst dabei alle Erkrankungen, die sich in den verschiedenen, zum Teil miteinander funktionell verbundenen, zum Teil unabhängig voneinander existierenden, Organen beobachten lassen. Die Verfasser der verschiedenen Unterkapitel sind renommierte europäische Pathologen aus dem Arbeitskreis „Head and Neck'der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Pathologie. Der zweite Teil ist der Pathologie der Weichgewebstumoren gewidmet und erfasst alle neuen Tumorentitäten, die in diesem sich rasch entwickelnden Gebiet in den letzten Jahren bekannt wurden. Der dritte Teil befasst sich mit den entzündlichen und nichtentzündlichen Hauterkrankungen. Es wurde darauf geachtet, dass der Komplexität und der Vielfalt aller dermalen Erkrankungen, insbesondere der neoplastischen Veränderungen, Rechnung getragen wird. Insgesamt ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Kapitel, Grundlage und Informationsquelle für die tägliche diagnostische Arbeit zu sein.

Understanding live cells at the single molecule level is the most important and single major challenge facing biology and medicine today. Nanobiology focuses on the properties and structure of complex assemblies of biomolecules—biochips and molecular motors, for example—in conjunction with distinctive surfaces, rods, dots, and materials of nanoscience. Nano Cell Biology will describe the current applications of nanobiology to the study of the structure, function, and metabolic processes of cells. - Provides historical background on this newly emerging field - Covers the latest application of new instrumentation in the field - Detailed protocols in the study of live cells at the nanometer level - Discusses future technologies and their applications in the study of living cells

New forms of imaging in science have nearly always led to major advances, especially at the nanoscale, and the pace of these developments has increased dramatically in recent decades. Many new types of microscopes have joined the traditional light microscope and the transmission and scanning electron microscopes during the past two decades. In the present volumes, a group of experts present comprehensive reviews of these new instruments and new versions of the older ones as well as associated techniques and draw attention to their principal areas of application. Numerous subjects are benefiting from these new tools, including semiconductor physics, medicine, molecular biology, the nanoworld in general, magnetism, and ferroelectricity. Science of Microscopy will be an indispensable guide to a wide range of scientists in university laboratories as well as to engineers and scientists in industrial R&D departments.

Somatostatin is a peptide isolated originally from the hypothalamus and considered as an inhibitor of growth hormone secretion. However, further studies have shown that the peptide was ubiquitously distributed and exerts a large spectrum of physiological effects, mostly of an inhibitory nature. The very short half-life of the native peptide limits

X-Ray?uorescence analysis (XRF) has developed into a well-established multi-elemental analysis technique with a very wide?eld of practical app- cations, especially those requiring nondestructive analytical methods. Over a long period of time, steady progress of XRF was made, both methodological and instrumental. Within the last decade, however, advancements in te- nology, software development, and methodologies for quanti?cation have p- vided an impetus to XRF research and application, leading to striking new improvements. The recent technological advances, including table-top inst- ments that take advantage of novel low-power micro-focus tubes, novel X-ray optics and detectors, as well as simpli?ed access to synchrotron radiation, have made it possible to extend XRF to low Z elements and to obtain t- and three-dimensional information from a sample on a micrometer-scale. The development of portable and hand-held devices has enabled a more?exible use of XRF in a variety of new situations, such as archaeometry and process control. Furthermore, synchrotron radiation provides high excitation?ux and even speciation capabilities due to energetically tunable radiation. Because of these recent advancements, the editors decided to compile a practicalhandbookofXRFasaresourceforscientistsandindustrialusersthat providesenoughinformationtoconceiveandsetupmodernXRFexperiments foruseinawiderangeofpracticalapplications. Additionally,selectedsections consist of a concise summary of background information for readers who wish to gain a more in-depth understanding of the topics without conducting a lengthy search of the literature. The present handbook is not intended to be a textbook with interdependent chapters, rather a reference in which the information in each sectionis largely self-contained.

In this volume, six review articles which cover a broad range of topics of current interest in modern optics are included. The first article by S. Saltiel, A.A. Sukhorukov and Y.S. Kivshar presents an overview of various types of parametric interactions in nonlinear optics which are associated with simultaneous phase-matching of several optical processes in quadratic non-linear media, the so-called multi-step parametric interactions. The second article by H.E. Tureci, H.G.L. Schwefel, Ph. Jacquod and A.D. Stone reviews the progress that has been made in recent years in the understanding of modes in wave-chaotic systems. The next article by C.P. Search and P. Meystre reviews some important recent developments in non-linear optics and in quantum optics. The fourth article by E. Hasman, G. Biener, A. Niv and V. Kleiner discusses space-variant polarization manipulation. The article reviews both theoretical analysis and experimental techniques. The article which follows, by A.S. Desyatnikov, L. Torner and Y.S. Kivshar presents an overview of recent researches on optical vortices and phase singularities of electromagnetic waves in different types of non-linear media, with emphasis on the properties of vortex solitons. The concluding article by K. Iwata presents a review of imaging techniques with X-rays and visible light in which phase of the radiation that penetrates through a transparent object plays an important part.

Thirty years have passed since somatostatin was discovered and its hormonal function defined [1,2]. The wide range of anatomical distribution and actions of somatostatin and its receptors stimulated intense scientific and clinical interest, and fostered extensive research into all aspects of its biology including regulation of its gene expression, processing of its precursor, biological and cellular actions relating to regulation cell secretion, motility and proliferation. The development of metabolically stable peptide analogs helped define its usefulness in the treatment of endocrine diseases and cancer. The heterogeneity of somatostatin receptors recognized in 1981 [3] was later shown to result from the existence and variable expression of five distinct subtypes that constitutes two distinct subfamilies with distinguishing pharmacological characteristics [4,5]. The molecular cloning of these receptor subtypes reignited the interest in this field leading to a major increase in our insight into the biology of somatostatin and its receptor subtypes, and has led to the design and development of subtype-selective peptide and non-peptide agonists and antagonists. Significant progress has been made in both basic and clinical research on somatostatin. Noteworthy developments include the role of somatostatin in neuronal patterning, delineation of subtype-selective cytostatic / cytotoxic antiproliferative actions, manipulation of cellular signaling by oligomeric association of somatostatin receptor subtypes amongst themselves or with other G protein-coupled receptors, application of radionuclide-tagged derivatives to localize somatostatin receptor positive tumors and their treatment through targeted delivery of radionuclide or chemotoxin tagged agonists through receptor-mediated endocytosis.

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