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Pharmacological Advances in Central Nervous System Stimulants, Volume 99 in the Mechanisms, Therapeutic Uses, and Abuse of Stimulants series, showcases recent pharmacological progress investigating both therapeutic (ADHD, binge-eating and narcolepsy) and abuse aspects of a number of stimulants, some of which are long-standing (amphetamines, cocaine and nicotine) while others are emerging (cathinones). Specific chapters in this new release include Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance of Phenotypes Associated with Parental Exposure to Drugs of Abuse, Dysregulation Of Brain Cholesterol Homeostasis by Psychostimulants, Modeling Methamphetamine Use Disorder in Mammals: Sex Differences in Behavioral Consequences and Gene Expression, and much more.Additional sections focus on Second Generation Stimulants – Pharmacological and Clinical Advances in The Treatment of ADHD And Binge-eating disorder, Pharmacology Of Stimulant – Opioid Co-Use, Role Of Age and Sex in Determining the Risk For Adverse Consequences Following Exposure To Amphetamines, Modafinil, An Atypical CNS Stimulant, Modulators Of Nicotine Reward-Related and Reinforcement-Related Behaviors, Methamphetamine Effects on Peripheral Immune System, Post-Translational Mechanisms in Neurotransmitter Efflux, The Many Enigmas of Nicotine, Genetic Variation in The Neuregulin-Erbb Signaling Pathway And Substance Use Disorders, Pharmacology And Neurotoxicology of Synthetic Cathinones, and more. - Provides a diverse variety of stimulants, having different mechanisms of action and physiological effects - Includes both therapeutic uses and abuse aspects of stimulants - Covers both molecular mechanisms and behavioral effects of stimulants

A title in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Designer Drugs: Chemistry, Analysis, Regulation, Toxicology, Epidemiology & Legislation of New Psychoactive Substances presents both an overview and a guide to techniques for designer drug analysis. Proliferation of the synthesis and use of designer drugs is a serious public health problem with social, economic, and legal implications. Whether abuse is studied at the population level or the individual level, researchers need both background and highly detailed technical information on specific drugs and drug classes in order to combat the proliferation and highly damaging consequences of these substances. Author Roy Gerona provides a comprehensive discussion that emphasizes the potential threat to society, presents the ongoing challenges confronting the various laboratory approaches to detection and identification of new chemical entities, and informs the development of improved analytical solutions for use in legislation, law enforcement, and treatment. Designer Drugs: Chemistry, Analysis, Regulation, Toxicology, Epidemiology & Legislation of New Psychoactive Substances offers an introduction to the field and a source of information on specific drugs, drug effects, and analytical tools to a wide audience for anyone studying or engaging in designer drug analysis. Analytical and medical chemists, pharmacologist, toxicologists, and students, researchers, and policy makers in the fields of drug abuse, medicine, public health, and forensics will greatly benefit from this essential text. - Summarizes available literature and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of analytical methods for detecting and identifying designer drugs - Directs the reader to sources of further reading at the conclusion of each chapter - Emphasizes the potential threat to society - Presents ongoing challenges confronting various laboratory approaches to detection and identification of new chemical entities

Advanced Pharmacy is a textbook dedicated to advanced applications in pharmacy. The book balances information by including chapters that give basic knowledge and inform readers on the latest insights in pharmaceutical science. Authored by pharmacology experts and academics, each chapter highlights current knowledge in the field, presenting research in a didactic and educational manner for academics, researchers, and students who need to understand pharmacy. Additional features of the book include chapter summaries and references for advanced readers.Topics: Physical Pharmacy: Covers foundations of physical pharmacy, providing a solid understanding of the subject. Preformulation Studies: examines active pharmaceutical ingredient-excipent compatibility studies, a crucial aspect of drug formulation. Medicinal Chemistry Applications: explores medicinal chemistry applications using QSAR/QSPR theory. Computer-assisted Study: explains computer-assisted studies with the example of garlic organosulfur as an antioxidant agent. Enzymes in Biocatalysis: sheds light on enzyme characteristics, kinetics, production, and applications in biocatalysis. Antifungal Agents: provides insights into antifungal agents and their significance. Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery: explores the use of naturally and chemically sulfated polysaccharides in drug delivery systems. Immunomodulatory Plant Extracts: covers the evaluation of safety and benefits of immunomodulatory plant extracts. Biofilms and Persistent Cells: examines the development, causes, and consequences of biofilms and persistent cells. Analytical Methods for Drug Analysis: focuses on the development of analytical methods for analyzing drugs of abuse using experimental design. Steric Exclusion Chromatography: discusses steric exclusion chromatography, including chromatography of polymers in aqueous solutions. Intrinsic Viscosity Methods: explores intrinsic viscosity methods in natural polymer pharmaceutical excipients. Extraction Techniques in Green Analytical Chemistry: highlight environment-firendly techniques in analytical chemistry.Advanced Pharmacy is a comprehensive resource that bridges the gap between pharmaceutical research and practice, offering invaluable insights into the latest developments in the field. This textbook serves as an essential reference for both learners and scholars in basic and advanced courses in pharmacy and pharmaceutical science.

Alcohol is one of the major risk factors for negative health outcomes worldwide. It accounts for more than 60 alcohol-related diseases, ranging from addiction, through liver cirrhosis, to cancer. Collectively, these conditions account for mortality and morbidity that make alcohol use one of the leading preventable causes of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost globally. In this book, an international faculty covers all aspects of alcohol-related disorders, ranging from addiction/alcohol use disorders (AUD) to alcohol-related diseases of other organs such as liver, heart or cancer. A special focus is to reach out to primary care physicians who are in the front line of this major health problem. The book also provides an update for addiction specialists, as well as specialists in internal medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology. The book is divided into sections that include epidemiology, alcohol use disorders and addiction, alcohol-related liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis,primary care and interdisciplinary approaches and other alcohol-related diseases. Besides current diagnostic measures and treatment strategies, the book deals with the many underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms of alcohol toxicity. Novel insights include prospective data on all-cause mortality and the emerging major role of alcohol-mediated hemolysis and enhanced red blood cell turnover. The book also aims at guiding policy makers to handle the topic of alcohol in our society more responsibly.

Steroids in the Laboratory and Clinical Practice covers both basic chemistry and therapeutic application of steroids in a single source. The comprehensive reference addresses the specificity of steroid determinations to clarify confusion arising from the laboratory results. The book covers important advancements in the field and is a valuable addition in the literature addressing all existing knowledge gaps. This is a must have reference for pathologists, laboratorians, endocrinologists, analytical/clinical chemists and biochemists. - Addresses the normal production of steroids and concentrations found in biological fluids and tissues - Presents the changes in steroid concentrations at life events as reference points for clinical investigations - Reviews the genetic disorders of steroids in relation to specific enzyme changes and clinical presentation

Substance misuse and addictions are a public health issue. They affect the well-being of each community and nation as a whole. It is, therefore, necessary to identify, educate, and treat individuals who are addicted to substances. Policies and procedures go hand-in-hand with public health education and safety. The science behind the public health issues of one drug may be applicable to other drugs as well. However, marshalling all of the aforementioned information into a single source is somewhat difficult due to the wide array of material. The Editors address this by compiling the research in this single reference work that serves as a'one-stop-shopping'approach to everything readers need to know about the scientific basis of public health and addictions and agents of misuse.Apart from active agents that have a plant or chemical basis, there is a need to consider that there are other forms of addiction which may havecommon modes of causality or prevention. These include food addiction, gaming, gambling, and other non-drug addictions. These types of addiction may be related to the addiction of drugs.The Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions: From Biology to Public Health offers a holistic understanding of the relationship between public health and substance misuse. The text provides a common platform upon which other forms of addiction or substance misuse can be understood and treated. Addiction processes involve understanding the biological processes as well as behavior, psychology, sociology, and public health, all of which are interlinked. This Handbook is a useful reference for lecturers, students, researchers, practitioners, and other professionals in public health, addiction science, epidemiology, health education, health promotion, and health sciences.

This volume details protocols on mass spectrometry and associated techniques. Chapters guide readers through micro- and macronutrients analysis, mass spectrometry-related methodologies, direct insertion, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), gas chromatography (uni- and bi-dimensional), liquid chromatography, plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and analyses in food samples. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mass Spectrometry for Food Analysis aims to provide comprehensive and updated state-of-art methodologies and models for food analysis.

This book reviews the latest advances in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques applied to food safety and environment quality, and it discusses the recent improvements in sample preparation and MS platforms for screening of emerging contaminants. Expert contributors discuss the current applications from omics to the screening of emerging contaminants and nanomaterials in food and environmental matrices, and particular attention is given to the opportunities that MS offers for guarantying food security and promoting the sustainable use of ecosystems. Divided into 13 chapters, the book covers topics such as the handling and preparation of food and environmental samples for MS, foodomics, environmental omics, ambient ionization techniques in food and environmental chemistry, and chip-based separation devices coupled to MS. Readers will also find a comprehensive overview of several MS techniques applied to food and environmental chemistry, including elemental, isotopic, chiral, ionmobility, chromatographic and imaging MS. This book will appeal not only to students and researchers, but also to professionals working with MS platforms in food safety and environmental quality. The different advances and promising applications described in this work will be of paramount importance for ensuring food safety and environment health for current and future generations.

Comprehensive Pharmacology, Seven Volume Set is organized into twelve sections that explore therapeutic areas, with a total of 320 comprehensive articles and 6,800 pages of important findings. Sections contain highly detailed coverage of information that has been overseen by an editorial board made up of well-respected, field leading experts. The content in this book offers readers an in-depth and easily accessible reference work on every aspect of pharmacological research surrounding the pharmacology of all therapeutic applications of drugs, their mechanism of action and their therapeutic values. These elements are essential as drugs are almost never tested and developed in the actual therapeutic system, but rather in test systems from which parameters must be determined to predict activity in systems of varying ambient physiology. As different technologies rapidly evolve, there is an ever-increasing level of knowledge about the pharmacology of known drugs, along with increasing capability to utilize pharmacological systems to predict new drug activity, all of which must be communicated to professionals in varying fields. - Contains chapters that follow a consistent and templated approach, resulting in well-structured content that enhances user experience and appeal - Offers a comprehensive review on a wealth of information on pharmacology and how it utilizes concepts and techniques from a broad array of sciences, ranging from chemistry to physiology to medicine - Includes a wider use of color and multimedia content, with interactive features, links, computational modeling and animations to illustrate the effects of toxic substances in various contexts

Food Toxicology and Forensics presents an overview on these subjects, along with the analytical tools necessary to handle the complexity of the issues at play between them. The book discusses the presence of foreign substances in food despite forensic analysis and supports the scientific community, laboratories and regulatory bodies in their aim to identify food fraud. Topics include the forensic attribution profiling of food by liquid chromatography (LC), contemporary mass spectrometry (MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), the application of ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) techniques for the analysis of food samples, and more. - Includes toxicology and analytical methods for the determination of certain toxicants in foods - Discusses legal, economic and biological issues of food adulteration and food fraud - Presents the latest allergen measurement techniques and post reviews of allergen non-compliance cases - Provides methods of validation of DNA biochip for species identification in food forensic science

Karch's Drug Abuse Handbook, Third Edition remains the quintessential compendium addressing the pharmacological, medical, and legal aspects of drugs and informing the forensic community of the latest scientific advances and emergent practices.For this edition, Dr. Karch has brought on clinical and forensic toxicology expert Dr. Bruce Goldberger, editor-in-chief of the Journal of Analytical Toxicology and president of the American Board of Forensic Toxicology, to serve as co-editor. In addition, world-renowned scientists and medical professionals have contributed their work and expertise in tackling the latest developments in drug testing, drug-related medical emergencies, and the drug toxicology. Topics addressed include genetic testing in drug death investigation, pathology, toxicogenetics, alcohol, post-mortem toxicology, new psychoactive substances, the latest legal issues and challenges as well as drugs and drug testing in sports, and the ethical, legal, and practical issues involved. Vivid pictures and diagrams throughout illustrate the pathological effects of drugs and the chemical make-up and breakdown of abused drugs.With unparalleled detail, the latest research and the highest level of authoritative medical scientific information, The Drug Abuse Handbook, Third Edition remains the definitive resource for drug related issues.

Addiction is increasingly being recognized as a major global public health issue, and an ever-growing number of medical specialties, psychological and social science training programs, and professional associations are including addiction as part of their training and continuing education curricula. The first edition of this book presented an overview of the spectrum of addiction-related problems across different cultures around the globe. Sharing the experience and wisdom of more than 260 leading experts in the field, and promoted by the International Society of Addiction Medicine, it compared and contrasted clinical practices in the field of addiction medicine on the basis of neurobiological similarities as well as epidemiological and socio-cultural differences.Building on the success of this inaugural edition, and taking into account the formal and informal comments received as well as an assessment of current need, this textbook presents general updated information while retaining the most requested sections of the first edition as demonstrated by the number of chapter downloads. It also provides a basic text for those preparing for the ISAM annual certification exam. Written by some 220 international experts, it is a valuable reference resource for anyone interested in medicine, psychology, nursing, and social science.

The fifth edition of the best-selling Principles in Forensic Toxicology continues in the tradition of excellence in academic publishing. With over 10 years of classroom-tested and continually updated content, the new edition contains significant updates and 7 new chapters on new topics including drug-facilitated crimes, derivatization, quantitation, measurement uncertainty/traceability, statistics, oral fluid testing, and drugs in embalmed specimens. Part One covers the major sub-disciplines of forensic toxicology in addition to pharmacological concepts. Part Two addresses specimen preparation, laboratory testing and instrumental analysis, while Part Three discusses common analytes including cocaine, opioids, alcohol, and marijuana. Adopted for courses in many of the top universities for forensic science and used by respected medical examiner's offices and crime laboratories worldwide, Principles of Forensic Toxicology prepares the next generation of forensic toxicologists and continues to be an important reference in professional practice.

This book provides the first comprehensive overview of the emerging field of interdisciplinary salivary bioscience. It serves as a foundational reference guide to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of salivary data, as well as its myriad applications in medicine, surveillance and public health. The ease and non-invasive nature of saliva collection makes it highly useful in diverse fields such as pediatrics, dentistry, neuroscience, psychology, animal welfare and precision medicine. This book introduces students and scientists alike to the vast potential of salivary bioscience in both research and practice.

Comprehensive Foodomics, Three Volume Set offers a definitive collection of over 150 articles that provide researchers with innovative answers to crucial questions relating to food quality, safety and its vital and complex links to our health. Topics covered include transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, green foodomics, epigenetics and noncoding RNA, food safety, food bioactivity and health, food quality and traceability, data treatment and systems biology. Logically structured into 10 focused sections, each article is authored by world leading scientists who cover the whole breadth of Omics and related technologies, including the latest advances and applications. By bringing all this information together in an easily navigable reference, food scientists and nutritionists in both academia and industry will find it the perfect, modern day compendium for frequent reference. List of sections and Section Editors: Genomics - Olivia McAuliffe, Dept of Food Biosciences, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland Epigenetics & Noncoding RNA - Juan Cui, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Transcriptomics - Robert Henry, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia Proteomics - Jens Brockmeyer, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University Stuttgart, Germany Metabolomics - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Neuherberg, Germany Omics data treatment, System Biology and Foodomics - Carlos Leon Canseco, Visiting Professor, Biomedical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Green Foodomics - Elena Ibanez, Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Food safety and Foodomics - Djuro Josic, Professor Medicine (Research) Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA & Sandra Kraljevic Pavelic, University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Rijeka, Croatia Food Quality, Traceability and Foodomics - Daniel Cozzolino, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia Food Bioactivity, Health and Foodomics - Miguel Herrero, Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain Brings all relevant foodomics information together in one place, offering readers a ‘one-stop,'comprehensive resource for access to a wealth of information Includes articles written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions Provides an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals who need to find relevant information quickly and easily Includes content from high quality authors from across the globe

Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology is an integrated introduction to the analysis of drugs, poisons, and other foreign compounds in biological and related specimens. Assuming only basic knowledge of analytical chemistry, this invaluable guide helps trainee analytical toxicologists understand the principles and practical skills involved in detecting, identifying, and measuring a broad range of compounds in various biological samples. Clear, easy-to-read chapters provide detailed information on topics including sample collection and preparation, spectrophotometric and luminescence techniques, liquid and gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry including hyphenated techniques. This new edition contains thoroughly revised content that reflects contemporary practices and advances in analytical methods. Expanding the scope of the 1995 World Health Organization (WHO) basic analytical toxicology manual, the text includes coverage of separation science, essential pharmacokinetics, xenobiotic absorption, distribution and metabolism, clinical toxicological and substance misuse testing, therapeutic drug monitoring, trace elements and toxic metals analysis, and importantly the clinical interpretation of analytical results. Written by a prominent team of experienced practitioners, this volume: Focuses on analytical, statistical, and pharmacokinetic principles Describes basic methodology, including colour tests and immunoassay and enzyme-based assays Outlines laboratory operations, such as method validation, quality assessment, staff training, and laboratory accreditation Follows IUPAC nomenclature for chemical names and recommended International Non-proprietary Name (rINN) for drugs and pesticides Includes discussion of'designer drugs'(novel pharmaceutical substances NPS) Fundamentals of Analytical Toxicology: Clinical and Forensic, 2nd Edition is an indispensable resource for advanced students and trainee analytical toxicologists across disciplines, such as clinical science, analytical chemistry, forensic science, pathology, applied biology, food safety, and pharmaceutical and pesticide development.

The 14th International Symposium on Superalloys (Superalloys 2020) highlights technologies for lifecycle improvement of superalloys. In addition to the traditional focus areas of alloy development, processing, mechanical behavior, coatings, and environmental effects, this volume includes contributions from academia, supply chain, and product-user members of the superalloy community that highlight technologies that contribute to improving manufacturability, affordability, life prediction, and performance of superalloys.

The Chernobyl disaster of 1986 is among the largest technogenic catastrophes in the history of humankind. The vast territories of Ukraine, Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation as well as bordering European states have been exposed to the contamination by the long-lived radionuclides released from the destroyed nuclear power station. The medical consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe are being studied for more than three decades. In fact, the increased risk of certain forms of leukemia is among the major stochastic effects of radiation exposure. Nevertheless, the final unambiguous conclusions as to the role of low-dose radiation exposure in the induction of leukemia are still pending. The book presents the results of studies on the diagnosis of various forms of hematological malignancies in Ukrainian patients provided for more than thirty years in the Oncohematology Department of RE Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Among the groups of leukemia patients were the Chernobyl clean-up workers as well as the patients from Ukrainian population (adults and children) inhabiting the territories with different levels of radionuclide contamination. For the first time, some trends in the patterns of hematological malignancies in several sample groups under study have been identified throughout the post-Chernobyl period. The putative association between the low dose radiation exposure and the increasing risk of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been discussed based on the findings of the authors of the book as well as the data of the available literature.

Toxicology Cases for the Clinical and Forensic Laboratory brings together carefully selected case studies to teach important principles relating to drug and toxin exposures. Each case study includes contemporary clinical and forensic toxicologist studies that include a comprehensive analytical and clinical approach to patient management and address overdoses from designer drugs, to NSAIDS, to opioids, to stimulants. These cases present a comprehensive, analytical and clinical approach to managing a drug overdose. This is a must-have reference for clinical and forensic laboratory scientists, along with toxicology and pathology residents who need to know aspects of both. - Brings together expert cases encompassing analytical toxicology, clinical medicine and basic science in a consolidated format - Presents unique and challenging cases in clinical laboratories contributed by experts in the field - Consolidated format that make concepts in toxicology easy to learn and teach - Key learning points highlighted with multiple choice questions

Accurate Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive review of the factors leading to errors in all areas of clinical laboratory testing. This trusted guide addresses interference issues in all laboratory tests, including patient epigenetics, processes of specimen collection, enzymes and biomarkers. Clinicians and laboratory scientists will both benefit from this reference that applies discussions to both accurate specimen analysis and optimal patient care. Hence, this is the perfect reference for clinical laboratorians, from trainees, to experienced pathologists and directors. - Provides comprehensive coverage across endocrine, oncology, hematology, immunohistochemistry, immunology, serology, microbiology, and molecular testing - Includes new case studies that highlight clinical relevance and errors to avoid - Highlights the best titles published within a variety of medical specialties - Reviewed by medical librarians and content specialists, with key selections compiled in their annual list

Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges that clinicians face when dealing with NPS and discusses how the profile of patients and their socio-demographic characteristics frame the serious public health concern that NPS pose. It presents various clinical cases, as well as detailed accounts of symptoms, psychopathology, toxicity, and overall clinical management that NPS require. This handbook brings together a unique collection of chapters written by leading experts in the field, who have felt the need to share their knowledge and experience to improve the clinical practice on NPS and the wellbeing of their patients.

Biotin and Other Interferences in Immunoassays: A Concise Guide is aimed at clinical laboratory scientists, medical technologists and pathologists who are often the first individuals contacted by a clinician when a laboratory test result does not correlate with clinical presentation. Research scientists working in diagnostics companies will also find this information essential. Sources of errors in non-immunoassay based methods used in clinical chemistry and toxicology laboratory are also discussed so readers can get all important information from one concise guide. This succinct, user-friendly reference provides the necessary information to address high levels of biotin in clinical laboratory results. - Discusses issues of biotin interferences and ways to avoid them for accurate clinical laboratory results - Provides sources of errors in non-immunoassay based methods used in clinical chemistry and toxicology laboratories - Highlights how to handle specimens in the lab and how to eliminate the effect of biotin in precious samples

Critical Issues in Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse Testing, Second Edition, addresses the general principles and technological advances for measuring drugs and alcohol, along with the pitfalls of drugs of abuse testing. Many designer drugs, for example, are not routinely tested in drugs of abuse panels and may go undetected in a drug test. This updated edition is a must-have for clinical pathologists, toxicologists, clinicians, and medical review officers and regulators, bridging the gap between technical and clinical information. Topics of note include the monitoring of pain management drugs, bath salts, spices (synthetic marijuana), designer drugs and date rape drugs, and more. - Serves as a ready resource of information for alcohol and drug testing - Ideal resource for making decisions related to the monitoring and interpretation of results - Includes concise content for clinical laboratory scientists, toxicologists and clinicians

In the last decade, we have seen spurring growth in academic and industrial interest in Raman spectroscopy and its modifications, in particular, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This is evident by the number of SERS publications in the last decade, from 580 in 2005 to almost 2000 in 2014. There are now companies worldwide that are dedicated to manufacturing SERS substrate, sensors, and other SERS-based products. The miniaturization of Raman instrumentation from bulky and expensive bench-top designs to inexpensive handheld spectrometers has allowed SERS to be employed as an in situ detection technique. Some examples of the industrial success of Raman and SERS are rapid raw material identification (RMID), Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and drug screening in pharma and biotech industries, continuous surveillance of food, water, and environmental safety, and the diagnosis and continuous monitoring of diseases like cancer, diabetes, etc. This progress in translating Raman and SERS techniques into commercial use and commercial products is possible because of the close collaboration between scientists and engineers. However, the weak signals of Raman spectroscopy is an inherent limitation of the spontaneous Raman spectroscopy technique. Therefore, several modifications have been made, including but not limited to, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS), coherent anti-Stoke's Raman spectroscopy (CARS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy has become a one-of-a kind, portable, and affordable technology for in-situ detection and continuous monitoring in resource-limited-settings. The primary focus of this textbook is to try to cover the fundamentals in SERS methods of preparing substrates and sensors, and efficient spectral analysis approaches like chemometrics for diverse applications, listed in the paragraph above. However, with a goal to give a true picture to the audience when assessing the scope of spontaneous Raman and Surface-enhanced Raman for specific applications, we have briefly introduced industrially successful examples of other types of Raman spectroscopy techniques, such as SORS, TRS, and CARS.

Introduction to Addiction, Volume One in the series, introduces the reader to the study of neurobiology of addiction by clearly defining addiction and its neuroadaptational views. This volume includes thorough descriptions of the various animal models applicable to the study of addiction, including Animal Models of the Binge-Intoxication Stage of the Addiction Cycle and Animal Models of Vulnerability to Addiction. The book's authors also include a section on numerous neurobiological theories that aid in the understanding of addiction, including dopamine, prefrontal cortex and relapse. - Provides neurobiological theories on how addiction works - Explains addiction cycle stages of binge, withdrawal and anticipation - Reviews the role of dopamine and the frontal cortex in addiction - Discusses the neurocircuitry of reward and stress - Includes animal models and neuroadaptational views on addiction

Estabelecida por volta da metade do século XIX para investigar casos de envenenamento, a toxicologia forense estendeu gradualmente seu escopo a muitas outras áreas: direção sob a influência de drogas e álcool, crimes facilitados por drogas, testes de drogas no ambiente de trabalho, controle de dopagem, identificação e quantificação de drogas de abuso em materiais apreendidos, avaliação do uso de agentes de guerra química etc. Todas essas áreas foram tratadas em capítulos separados deste livro, a partir de uma perspectiva que leva em consideração a natureza multidisciplinar da toxicologia forense, incluindo competências de vários campos diferentes do conhecimento humano, como medicina, química e direito. Entender o trabalho complexo, meticuloso e nterdisciplinar por trás de qualquer investigação toxicológica forense é um requisito essencial para fazer bom uso de seus resultados e suas interpretações com vistas a uma aplicação correta e justa da lei. Assim, tenho muita esperança de que este livro seja usado não só por estudantes, a quem é primariamente dirigido, mas também por agentes de justiça, juízes e todos aqueles que procuram um laboratório de toxicologia forense para pedir uma investigação. Prof. Aldo Polettini, Ph.D. Universidade de Verona

This volume gives an overview of new insights to alcohol pharmacology using DREADDs (Designer Receptors and Unraveling the Neuropharmacology of Alcohol). It examines which pharmacological principles should be applied to understanding DREADDs taking into account some very current research. Additionally, this book covers important topics under the heading of “experimental pharmacology” and alcohol.

Over the last decade, and particularly during the recent five years, a rapidly increasing number of novel psychoactive substance (NPSs), often marketed as “designer drugs”, “legal highs”, “herbal highs”, “research or intermediate chemicals” and “laboratory reagents”, has appeared on the drug market in an effort to bypass controlled substance legislation. NPSs encompass a wide range of different compounds and drug classes but had been dominated by synthetic cannabinomimetics and psychostimulatory synthetic cathinones, so-called β-keto amphetamines. Compounds from the later class were first detected in Europe in 2004, and since then 103 new cathinones have been identified and reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, with 57 during the last two years. Synthetic cathinones – novel addictive and stimulatory psychoactive substances is the first publication of this kind that provides readers with background on chemical structures, detection, prevalence and motivation of use of the very popular group of NPSs. This book also presents comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of action, pharmacological activity, and main metabolic pathways of synthetic cathinones, followed by a detailed discussion of the acute and chronic toxicity associated with the use of these substances. Written by international experts in the field, this multi-authored book is a valuable reference not only for scientists, clinicians and academics, but also for readers representing different professional background who are involved in educational-prophylactic activities directed to harm reduction of psychoactive compounds.

We are in the midst of what is being called the'psychedelic renaissance'with growing interest into how psychedelics alter consciousness, brain function and brain connectivity. The acute, often profound, effects of the psychedelic experience can induce lasting improvements in mental health demonstrating that chemistry forms the basis of mystical experience, consciousness and mental wellbeing. - This volume is a collection of chapters by world leaders in fields of neurobiology, neuropsychiatry, psychology, ethnography and pharmacology, addressing the neurobiological mechanisms of action of various classic and atypical psychedelics, their therapeutic potential as well as the possible risks associated with their use

Detection of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Oral Fluid presents the analytical chemistry methods used for the detection and quantification of drugs and their metabolites in human oral fluid. The authors summarize the state of the science, including its strengths, weaknesses, unmet methodological needs, and cutting-edge trends. This volume covers the salient aspects of oral fluid drug testing, including specimen collection and handling, initial testing, point of collection testing (POCT), specimen validity testing (SVT), and confirmatory and proficiency testing. Analytes discussed include amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, phencyclidine, cannabimimetics, and miscellaneous drugs. This practical guide helps users turn knowledge into practice, moving logically from an outline of the problem, to the evaluation of the appropriateness of oral fluid as a test medium, and finally to a consideration of detection methods and their validation and employment. - Compares different collection and testing systems to assist readers involved in clinical or forensic practice in selecting oral fluid as the matrix of choice - Provides a sound basis for the detection of drugs and their metabolites in oral fluid and the interpretation of both positive and negative - Places the need, or lack thereof, for specimen validity testing and confirmation testing in context with the purposes of oral fluid testing - Describes drugs and drug classes that can be tested, along with useful information on a patient/donor's drug status

There is a dramatic rise of novel drug use due to the increased popularity of so-called designer drugs. These synthetic drugs can be illegal in some countries, but legal in others and novel compounds unknown to drug chemistry emerge monthly. This thoughtfully constructed edited reference presents the main chromatographic methodologies and strategies used to discover and analyze novel designer drugs contained in diverse biological materials. The methods are based on molecular characteristics of the drugs belonging to each individual class of compounds, so it will be clear how the current methods are adaptable to future new drugs that appear in the market.

Liquid Chromatography: Applications, Second Edition,is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. It gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their knowledge of the wide variety of applications in the field. In the years since the first edition was published, thousands of papers have been released on new achievements in liquid chromatography, including the development of new stationary phases, improvement of instrumentation, development of theory, and new applications in biomedicine, metabolomics, proteomics, foodomics, pharmaceuticals, and more. This second edition addresses these new developments with updated chapters from the most expert researchers in the field. - Emphasizes the integration of chromatographic methods and sample preparation - Explains how liquid chromatography is used in different industrial sectors - Covers the most interesting and valuable applications in different fields, e.g., proteomic, metabolomics, foodomics, pollutants and contaminants, and drug analysis (forensic, toxicological, pharmaceutical, biomedical) - Includes references and tables with commonly used data to facilitate research, practical work, comparison of results, and decision-making

Doping represents the dark side of amateur and professional sports – in order to protect athletes around the globe, anti-doping rules are continuously revised and improved. This publication reviews the current regulatory framework, scientific aspects, future approaches, and social and ethical dimensions of the fight against doping in sport. Prominent experts on the implementation of anti-doping strategies, as well as leading researchers in science and medicine, have contributed to this publication. In keeping with its interdisciplinary origin, the book is intended for athletes, coaches, students, scientists, anti-doping officials, and all others interested in anti-doping and sports. Ranging from legal and educational to scientific and medical issues, this collection emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach and the importance of preventative strategies in the fight against doping in sports.

This book covers topical subjects within the field of death investigation, where changes in practice have recently occurred. As the area of dating of wounds has changed since the subject was addressed in a previous volume, this subject is revisited for the first time. The remaining subjects covered in this volume embrace the multi-disciplinary approach required for death investigation, and address advances in the field of forensic radiology imaging, pathology, and toxicology. There is also a chapter on cardiopulmonary resuscitation which explains clinical processes and procedures that may occur to an individual immediately before death that may have a bearing on the subsequent autopsy findings. Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Reviews, Updates and Advances is an educational and practical resource aimed at trainees and consultants, generalists and specialists, and the new multi-disciplinary team alike.

Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory is an accessible guide to mass spectrometry and the development, validation, and implementation of the most common assays seen in clinical labs. It provides readers with practical examples for assay development, and experimental design for validation to meet CLIA requirements, appropriate interference testing, measuring, validation of ion suppression/matrix effects, and quality control. These tools offer guidance on what type of instrumentation is optimal for each assay, what options are available, and the pros and cons of each. Readers will find a full set of tools that are either directly related to the assay they want to adopt or for an analogous assay they could use as an example. Written by expert users of the most common assays found in a clinical laboratory (clinical chemists, toxicologists, and clinical pathologists practicing mass spectrometry), the book lays out how experts in the field have chosen their mass spectrometers, purchased, installed, validated, and brought them on line for routine testing. The early chapters of the book covers what the practitioners have learned from years of experience, the challenges they have faced, and their recommendations on how to build and validate assays to avoid problems. These chapters also include recommendations for maintaining continuity of quality in testing. The later parts of the book focuses on specific types of assays (therapeutic drugs, Vitamin D, hormones, etc.). Each chapter in this section has been written by an expert practitioner of an assay that is currently running in his or her clinical lab. - Provides readers with the keys to choosing, installing, and validating a mass spectrometry platform - Offers tools to evaluate, validate, and troubleshoot the most common assays seen in clinical pathology labs - Explains validation, ion suppression, interference testing, and quality control design to the detail that is required for implementation in the lab

Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies: Biology, Pharmacology, Diagnosis, and Treatment is the first book to take an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of cannabis use and misuse. Recent worldwide trends toward decriminalizing marijuana for medical use have increased legal use of the drug and recreational use remains high, making cannabis one of the most commonly used drugs. Cannabis has a wide range of adverse neurological effects, and use and abuse can lead to physical, social, and psychopathological issues that are multifarious and complex. Effective understanding and treatment requires knowledge of the drug's effects from across scientific disciplines. This book provides an overview of the biological and pharmacological components of the cannabis plant, outlines its neurological, social, and psychopathological effects, assists in the diagnosis and screening for use and dependency, and aids researchers in developing effective treatments for cannabis-related issues and disorders. Fully illustrated, with contributions from internationally recognized experts, it is the go-to resource for neuroscientists, pharmacologists, pathologists, public-health workers, and any other researcher who needs an in-depth and cross-disciplinary understanding of cannabis and its effects. - Comprehensive chapters include an abstract, key facts, mini dictionary of terms, and summary points - Presents illustrations with at least six figures, tables, and diagrams per chapter - Provides a one-stop-shopping synopsis of everything to do with cannabis and its related pathology, from chemicals and cells, individuals and communities, and diagnosis and treatment - Offers an integrated and informed synopsis of the complex issues surrounding cannabis as a substance, its use, and its misuse

This book summarizes the results achieved so far by application of various biological systems (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) involved in the pathomechanisms and early diagnosis of periparturient diseases as specific biomarkers of disease in cattle. These emerging technologies help to extensively enhance our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of periparturient diseases of transition dairy cows. The book includes a chapter dedicated to ‘omics'sciences and one that discusses the myths established in animal and veterinary sciences in recent decades and emerging, new paradigms. The diseases discussed include metritis, mastitis, laminitis, ketosis, rumen acidosis, periparturient immunosuppression, gastrointestinal microbiota and their involvement in disease, infertility, fatty liver, milk fever, and retained placenta. This book is intended for academics, veterinarians, animal nutritionists, researchers, and graduate students working in thefield of ‘omics sciences'with a special interest in dairy cattle health.

Designer drugs, or new psychoactive substances (NPS), are synthetic chemicals that mimic the effects of classic drugs of abuse. There has been an alarming worldwide increase in the abuse of NPS in recent years. NPS are cheap, easy to obtain, and often legally available. In this volume, leading experts summarize the latest studies regarding the molecular mechanisms of action, behavioral effects, and adverse consequences of popular NPS. Specific chapters clarify the differences between various types of NPS, namely: stimulants, cannabinoids and hallucinogens. Thus, this volume broadens our understanding of NPS and provides insight into the rapidly evolving “new drug” phenomenon.

This book provides readers with the latest developments in neurosciences research. Chapter One summarized the progress of this area over the past two decades by showing that inflammatory mediators (ligands in a positive feedback loop and/or other inflammatory mediators through receptor cross-talk) released from inflamed or injured tissues increase cell surface trafficking of nociceptive receptors in primary sensory neurons and dorsal horn neurons. The aim of Chapter Two is to discuss and detail well-established stress animal models, discussing their validity to mimic human neuropsychiatric disorders (i.e. depression, anxiety and cognitive deficiency). Chapter Three reviews the known pharmacological mechanisms of action of first- and second-generation synthetic cathinones in the central nervous system in comparison to those of cocaine and amphetamines. These studies of the efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in adults with ADHD are reviewed in Chapter Four. As reported in Chapter Five, adult hippocampal neurogenesis is mediated by many factors and plays an important role in several diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, stroke, depression and epilepsy. In Chapter Six, cognitive maps'characteristics and the brain systems involved in spatial navigation of cognitive maps are the main focus. Chapter Seven reports on the improvement of human cognition and its precision due to technological advancement within the field of neuroscience. Chapter Eight demonstrates that low concentrations of N-acyl dopamines (below 1 ìM) stimulate cell proliferation, intermediate ones (1-20 ìM) induce differentiation, and higher ones lead to apoptosis.

Information molecules, such as Cortico-Releasing Factor (CRF), are ancient and widely distributed across diverse organs, playing various regulatory roles. CRF has been associated with a range of human conditions, including fear and anxiety, social contact, and most recently, addiction – in particular the euphoric feelings associated with alcohol consumption. Since its original discovery, research has unearthed that the role of this molecule is much broader than first thought. The scientific community now knows that CRF is a dynamic and diversely widespread peptide hormone that plays many roles and has many functions, in addition to its role as a releasing factor in the brain. This book explores the role of CRF, examining the relationship between location and function. It considers recurrent features that are linked to CRF - movement and change. CRF expression in regions of the brain is tied to paying attention to novel events and invoking movement in response to those events. Indeed, CRF provokes simple organized rhythmic behavior and can be mobilized under diverse conditions, including adversity. Examining the evolutionary origins of CRH, its neural functions, and its role in a variety of human characteristics and social behaviors, this book provides unique insights into CRF, and will be of interest to students and researchers in Neuroscience, Psychology, and Biology.

Provides a single-source reference for readers interested in the development of analytical methods for analyzing non-antimicrobial veterinary drug residues in food Provides a comprehensive set of information in the area of consumer food safety and international trade Covers general issues related to analytical quality control and quality assurance, measurement uncertainty, screening and confirmatory methods Details many techniques including nanotechnology and aptamer based assays covering current and potential applications for non-antimicrobial veterinary drugs Provides guidance for analysis of banned drugs including natural and synthetic steroids, Resorcylic acid lactones, and Beta-agonists

This book covers wide areas of animal and human psychopharmacology with clinical utility in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological (e.g Alzheimer's disease) disorders. The main theme is to develop a new paradigm for drug discovery that questions the claim that animal models or assays fail adequately to predict Phase 3 clinical trials. A new paradigm is advocated that stresses the importance of intermediate staging points between these extremes that depend on suitable translation of findings from animal studies to Phase 1 or Phase 2 studies utilising experimental medicine.

Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the Clinical Laboratory provides an overview and quick reference to genetic relationships and clinical laboratory information related to the serious public health issue of alcohol and drug abuse. Written in a clear and concise manner, this book discusses the necessary information for health and safety professionals working in public health to learn about complex issues quickly to better help their patients, employees, and others affected by alcohol and drug abuse. Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the Clinical Laboratory covers the important aspects of drugs and alcohol abuse including genetic aspects along with laboratory methods for analysis of alcohol and abused drugs with emphasis on false positive test results. The book is helpful to healthcare professionals, such as pathologists who oversee alcohol and drug testing, emergency room physicians, family practice physicians who are first healthcare professionals who identify patients susceptible to drug and alcohol abuse, and psychiatrists involved with drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs. It will also be useful to safety professionals who have to assess individuals for workplace responsibilities, ranging from police and recruitment to occupational safety and occupational medicine and public health officials. - Features accessible language for healthcare and safety professionals who are not experts in laboratory procedures - Provides examples from clinical and everyday situations - Explains how to interpret laboratory results and the latest genetic factors regarding drug and alcohol abuse

Neuroscience for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Rehabilitation - Methods and Interventions is the latest volume from Progress in Brain Research focusing on new trends and developments in addiction research. This established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as popular emerging subfields such as addiction. This volume takes an integrated approach to review and summarize some of the most recent progress from the subfield of addiction research, with particular emphasis on potential applications in a clinical setting. - Explores new trends and developments in basic and clinical research in the addiction subfield of neuroscience - Uses an integrated approach to review and summarize recent progress - Emphasizes potential applications in a clinical setting - Enhances the literature of neuroscience by further expanding the established international series Progress in Brain Research

Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse, Volume 3: General Processes and Mechanisms, Prescription Medications, Caffeine and Areca, Polydrug Misuse, Emerging Addictions and Non-Drug Addictions is the third of three volumes in this informative series and offers a comprehensive examination of the adverse consequences of the most common drugs of abuse. Each volume serves to update the reader's knowledge on the broader field of addiction as well as to deepen understanding of specific addictive substances. Volume 3 addresses prescription medications, caffeine, polydrug misuse, and non-drug addictions. Each section provides data on the general, molecular, cellular, structural, and functional neurological aspects of a given substance, with a focus on the adverse consequences of addictions. Research shows that the neuropathological features of one addiction are often applicable to those of others, and understanding these commonalties provides a platform for studying specific addictions in more depth and may ultimately lead researchers toward new modes of understanding, causation, prevention and treatment. However, marshalling data on the complex relationships between addictions is difficult due to the myriad of material and substances. - Offers a modern approach to understanding the pathology of substances of abuse, offering an evidence-based ethos for understanding the neurology of addictions - Fills an existing gap in the literature by serving as a'one-stop-shopping synopsis of everything to do with the neuropathology of drugs of addiction and substance misuse - Includes in each chapter: list of abbreviations, abstract, introduction, applications to other addictions and substance misuse, mini-dictionary of terms, summary points, 6+ figures and tables, full references - Offers coverage of preclinical, clinical, and population studies, from the cell to whole organs, and from the genome to whole body

This book brings together contributions from global experts who have helped to facilitate the exciting and rapid advances that are taking place in microbial metabolomics. The main application of this field is in clinical and veterinary microbiology, but there is a great potential to apply metabolomics to help to better understand complex biological systems that are dominated by multiple-species microbial populations exposed to changing growth and nutritional conditions. In particular, environmental (e.g., water, soil), food (e.g., microbial spoilage, food pathogens), and agricultural and industrial applications are seen as developing areas for microbial metabolomics. As such, the book includes contributions with clinical, environmental, and industrial perspectives.

La prise en charge et la prévention des addictions sont devenues l'un des principaux enjeux de santé publique comme en témoignent les différents plans, lois et décrets mis en place par les plus hautes instances gouvernementales ces dernières années. La perception des conduites addictives a grandement évolué, mais malgré une prise de conscience et une offre de soins de plus en plus large et efficace, elles peinent encore à être reconnues comme une véritable maladie et souffrent toujours d'une certaine stigmatisation. La notion même d'addiction s'est élargie, puisque l'on considère désormais comme relevant des conduites addictives certaines « hyperconsommations » sans substance telles que les jeux d'argent, internet, les achats compulsifs, etc. Les addictions frappent désormais de plus en plus de personnes, toutes catégories sociales confondues, et à un âge de plus en plus jeune.Largement revue et augmentée, cette nouvelle édition du Traité d'addictologie constitue une synthèse pratique et complète de la discipline.• Les trois premières parties font le point sur l'enjeu que représentent les addictions en termes de santé publique, puis sur la législation, l'offre de soins et les approches thérapeutiques, qu'elles soient classiques ou nouvelles.• Ensuite est passé en revue l'ensemble des conduites addictives : alcool, tabac, cannabis, héroïne, cocaïne et autres drogues, ainsi que les addictions sans substance.• Enfin, une large place est faite au dopage, à l'impact des addictions sur le système hépatique et en cas de grossesse.Michel Reynaud (PU-PH), Laurent Karila (PH), Henri-Jean Aubin (PU-PH) et Amine Benyamina (PU-PH) (département de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie, hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif), qui ont œuvré durant de nombreuses années pour la reconnaissance de l'addictologie comme une spécialité à part entière, ont coordonné cet ouvrage et se sont entourés des spécialistes les plus éminents du domaine.Ce traité constitue une référence incontournable pour tous les acteurs de la prise en charge et de la prévention des addictions, qu'ils soient addictologues, psychiatres, médecins généralistes, personnels soignants ou étudiants.

Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to pathology testing performed in a clinical setting at the time of patient consultation, generating a rapid test result that enables informed and timely clinical action to be taken on patient care. It offers patients greater convenience and access to health services and helps to improve clinical outcomes. POCT also provides innovative solutions for the detection and management of chronic, acute and infectious diseases, in settings including family practices, Indigenous medical services, community health facilities, rural and remote areas and in developing countries, where health-care services are often geographically isolated from the nearest pathology laboratory. A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing shows health professionals how to set up and manage POCT services under a quality-assured, sustainable, clinically and culturally effective framework, as well as understand the wide global scope and clinical applications of POCT. The book is divided into three major themes: the management of POCT services, a global perspective on the clinical use of POCT, and POCT for specific clinical settings. Chapters within each theme are written by experts and explore wide-ranging topics such as selecting and evaluating devices, POCT for diabetes, coagulation disorders, HIV, malaria and Ebola, and the use of POCT for disaster management and in extreme environments. Figures are included throughout to illustrate the concepts, principles and practice of POCT. Written for a broad range of practicing health professionals from the fields of medical science, health science, nursing, medicine, paramedic science, Indigenous health, public health, pharmacy, aged care and sports medicine, A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing will also benefit university students studying these health-related disciplines.

Neuroscience for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Rehabilitation: Constructs and Drugs is the latest volume from Progress in Brain Research focusing on new trends and developments in addiction research. This established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as popular emerging subfields such as addiction. This volume takes an integrated approach to review and summarize some of the most recent progress from the subfield of addiction research, with particular emphasis on potential applications in a clinical setting. - Explores new trends and developments in basic and clinical research in the addiction subfield of neuroscience - Uses an integrated approach to review and summarize recent progress - Emphasizes potential applications in a clinical setting - Enhances the literature of neuroscience by further expanding the established international series Progress in Brain Research