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Precision measurements of the Higgs boson's properties are a powerful tool to look for deviations from the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The 139/fb of proton-proton collision data which have been collected by the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC, offer an opportunity to investigate rare Higgs-boson topologies, which are particularly sensitive to new physics scenarios but experimentally difficult to access. Several such measurements, which target Higgs-boson decays to heavy-flavour quarks, as well as their combinations are presented in this thesis. A novel analysis that measures Higgs-boson production in association with a heavy vector boson V (VH, with V=W,Z) at high energies is presented. Dedicated Higgs-boson reconstruction techniques are applied to reconstruct the highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs-boson decays into pairs of bottom quarks. The measurement is subsequently combined with a VH cross-section measurement at low and intermediate pT(V) to provide a differential cross-section measurement in kinematic fiducial volumes over the largest possible pT(V) range. All cross-section measurements agree with the SM predictions within relative uncertainties that range from 30% to 300%. The results are furthermore interpreted as limits on the parameters of a SM effective field theory. Finally, a combination of measurements of Higgs decays to heavy-flavour quarks is used to experimentally determine that the Higgs-boson coupling to charm quarks is weaker than to bottom quarks, as predicted by the SM. The target audience for the thesis are physicists and physics students, in particular those with a background in high energy physics.

The proceedings of MG16 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitational physics and astrophysics, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments. The scientific program of the meeting included 46 plenary presentations, 3 public lectures, 5 round tables and 81 parallel sessions arranged during the intense six-day online meeting. All talks were recorded and are available on the ICRANet YouTube channel at the following link: www.icranet.org/video_mg16.These proceedings are a representative sample of the very many contributions made at the meeting. They contain 383 papers, among which 14 come from the plenary sessions.The material represented in these proceedings cover the following topics: accretion, active galactic nuclei, alternative theories of gravity, black holes (theory, observations and experiments), binaries, boson stars, cosmic microwave background, cosmic strings, dark energy and large scale structure, dark matter, education, exact solutions, early universe, fundamental interactions and stellar evolution, fast transients, gravitational waves, high energy physics, history of relativity, neutron stars, precision tests, quantum gravity, strong fields, and white dwarf; all of them represented by a large number of contributions.The online e-proceedings are published in an open access format.

“Fundamentals might be the perfect book for the winter of this plague year.... Wilczek writes with breathtaking economy and clarity, and his pleasure in his subject is palpable.” —The New York Times Book ReviewOne of our great contemporary scientists reveals the ten profound insights that illuminate what everyone should know about the physical worldIn Fundamentals, Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek offers the reader a simple yet profound exploration of reality based on the deep revelations of modern science. With clarity and an infectious sense of joy, he guides us through the essential concepts that form our understanding of what the world is and how it works. Through these pages, we come to see our reality in a new way--bigger, fuller, and stranger than it looked before.Synthesizing basic questions, facts, and dazzling speculations, Wilczek investigates the ideas that form our understanding of the universe: time, space, matter, energy, complexity, and complementarity. He excavates the history of fundamental science, exploring what we know and how we know it, while journeying to the horizons of the scientific world to give us a glimpse of what we may soon discover. Brilliant, lucid, and accessible, this celebration of human ingenuity and imagination will expand your world and your mind.

Get the Summary of Franck Wilczek's's Fundamentals in 20 minutes. Please note: This is a summary & not the original book. Original book introduction: In Fundamentals, Nobel laureate Frank Wilczek offers the reader a simple yet profound exploration of reality based on the deep revelations of modern science. With clarity and an infectious sense of joy, he guides us through the essential concepts that form our understanding of what the world is and how it works. Through these pages, we come to see our reality in a new way--bigger, fuller, and stranger than it looked before.

如果高中時讀過這本書，我一定會選理組！ 你一定聽過黑洞、時間旅行、暗物質、蟲洞、希格斯粒子、空間扭曲、相對論……但你真的「知道」那是什麼嗎？ 染著一頭金色長髮的日本天才怪咖物理學家多田將教授，用最口語、易懂、有趣的方式，為青年學子及一般大眾講解這些看似艱深卻無比迷人的理論。 吳昌任、林詩怡、孫維新、陳文屏、曾耀寰共同推薦！ 比如：用派對中受歡迎的美麗女模vs.宅男物理學家，來講解希格斯粒子；用動畫《魔法少女》中的情節來說明「相變」；透過《新世紀福音戰士》中分辦使徒的裝置，告訴我們物理學的絕對機率是99.9999%…… 《跟著怪咖物理學家一起跳進黑洞！：一次搞懂當今最熱門的宇宙議題》是作者多田將教授四次三小時演講的內容記錄，他用一般人可以了解的方式，帶我們認識現在研究現場究竟發生了什麼事，以及人類對宇宙所了解的程度。從基礎理論到最新的實驗、觀測方法，並附有百張彩色幻燈片和可愛插畫幫助解說，相信具有高中物理基本概念的人都能看懂這本書。例如： 關於黑洞： 如果將地球壓縮成半徑8.9mm，就會變成黑洞 數學產生的黑洞 三種黑洞 小型黑洞可以當垃圾場用？ 廣義相對論預測到的事 1 重力造成空間扭曲 重力鏡的效果──重力扭曲光線 廣義相對論預測到的事 2 重力造成時間扭曲 白洞與蟲洞 關於大霹靂： 曾經迷你的宇宙 比光速更快遠離的星 不是星星在動，是空間在延伸 大霹靂理論無法說明的兩個問題 宇宙雖然有限但沒有盡頭 關於暗物質： 失去的質量 用哈伯太空望遠鏡，觀測宇宙質量分布 宇宙有多少暗物質 暗物質的候選人 1 Macho 暗物貿的候選人 2 基本粒子 如果沒有暗物質，星星無法生存 真正黑暗的暗能量

From a star theoretical physicist, a journey into the world of particle physics and the cosmos—and a call for a more liberatory practice of science. Winner of the 2021 Los Angeles Times Book Prize in Science & Technology Winner of the 2022 Phi Beta Kappa Book Award in Science Winner of the 2022 PEN Oakland Josephine Miles Award A Finalist for the 2022 PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award A Smithsonian Magazine Best Science Book of 2021 A Symmetry Magazine Top 10 Physics Book of 2021 An Entropy Magazine Best Nonfiction Book of 2020-2021 A Publishers Weekly Best Nonfiction Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Best Nonfiction Book of 2021 A Booklist Top 10 Sci-Tech Book of the Year In The Disordered Cosmos, Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein shares her love for physics, from the Standard Model of Particle Physics and what lies beyond it, to the physics of melanin in skin, to the latest theories of dark matter—along with a perspective informed by history, politics, and the wisdom of Star Trek. One of the leading physicists of her generation, Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein is also one of fewer than one hundred Black American women to earn a PhD from a department of physics. Her vision of the cosmos is vibrant, buoyantly nontraditional, and grounded in Black and queer feminist lineages. Dr. Prescod-Weinstein urges us to recognize how science, like most fields, is rife with racism, misogyny, and other forms of oppression. She lays out a bold new approach to science and society, beginning with the belief that we all have a fundamental right to know and love the night sky. The Disordered Cosmos dreams into existence a world that allows everyone to experience and understand the wonders of the universe.

This book summarizes recent developments in the research area of quantum gravity phenomenology. A series of short and nontechnical essays lays out the prospects of various experimental possibilities and their current status. Finding observational evidence for the quantization of space-time was long thought impossible. In the last decade however, new experimental design and technological advances have changed the research landscape and opened new perspectives on quantum gravity. Formerly dominated by purely theoretical constructions, quantum gravity now has a lively phenomenology to offer. From high precision measurements using macroscopic quantum oscillators to new analysis methods of the cosmic microwave background, no stone is being left unturned in the experimental search for quantum gravity. This book sheds new light on the connection of astroparticle physics with the quantum gravity problem. Gravitational waves and their detection are covered. It illustrates findings from the interconnection between general relativity, black holes and Planck stars. Finally, the return on investment in quantum-gravitation research is illuminated. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers entering the field.

This book contains the Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, held at Indiana University in Bloomington on June 20-24, 2016. The meeting focused on tests of these fundamental symmetries and on related theoretical issues, including scenarios for possible violations.Topics covered at the meeting include experimental and observational searches for CPT and Lorentz violation involving: accelerator and collider experiments; astrophysical birefringence, dispersion, and anisotropy; atomic and molecular spectroscopy; clock-comparison measurements; CMB polarization; decays of atoms, nuclei, and particles; equivalence-principle tests with matter and antimatter; exotic atoms, muonium, positronium; gauge and Higgs particles; gravimetry; gravitational waves; high-energy astrophysical observations; hydrogen and antihydrogen; matter interferometry; neutrino oscillations and propagation, neutrino-antineutrino mixing; oscillations and decays of K, B, D mesons; particle-antiparticle comparisons; post-Newtonian gravity in the solar system and beyond; resonant cavities lasers; second and third-generation particles; sidereal and annual time variations, compass asymmetries; space-based missions; spin-polarized matter; spin precession; tests of short-range gravity; and time-of-flight measurements. Theoretical and phenomenological discussions include: physical effects at the level of the Standard Model, General Relativity, and beyond; origins and mechanisms for violations; classical and quantum field theory, gravitation, particle physics, and strings; mathematical foundations; and Finsler geometry.

Over 78,000 entries. COVERS ALL BRANCHES OF PHYSICS: acoustics, astrophysics, atomic physics, biophysics, computational physics, condensed matter physics, cryogenics, crystallography, electricity, electromagnetism, experimental physics, fluid mechanics, geophysics, health physics, magnetism, mathematical physics, mechanics, medical physics, molecular physics, nuclear physics, optics, particle physics, plasma physics, quantum mechanics, quantum physics, radiation physics, relativity, solid state physics, solar physics, spectroscopy, statics, statistical mechanics, theoretical physics, thermodynamics, units of measurement, and much more. Más de 78.000 artículos. INCLUYE TODAS LAS RAMAS DE LA FÍSICA: acústica, astrofísica, biofísica, cristalografía, criogenia, electricidad, electromagnetismo, espectroscopia, estática, física atómica, física computacional, física cuántica, física de la materia condensada, física de la salud, física de partículas, física de radiación, física del estado sólido física del plasma, física experimental, física matemática, física médica, física molecular, física nuclear, física solar, física teórica, geofísica, magnetismo, mecánica, mecánica cuántica, mecánica de fluidos, mecánica estadística, óptica, relatividad, termodinámica, y mucho más...

This work was nominated as an outstanding PhD thesis by the LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, France. The LHC Run 1 was a milestone in particle physics, leading to the discovery of the Higgs boson, the last missing piece of the so-called'Standard Model'(SM), and to important constraints on new physics, which challenge popular theories like weak-scale supersymmetry.This thesis provides a detailed account of the legacy of the LHC Run 1 ≤¥regarding these aspects. First, the SM and the need for its extension are presented in a concise yet revealing way. Subsequently, the impact of the LHC Higgs results on scenarios of new physics is assessed in detail, including a careful discussion of the relevant uncertainties. Two approaches are considered: generic modifications of the Higgs couplings, possibly arising from extended Higgs sectors or higher-dimensional operators; and tests of specific new physics models. Lastly, the implications of the null results of the searches for new physics are discussed with a particular focus on supersymmetric dark matter candidates. Here as well, two approaches are presented: the'simplified models'approach, and recasting by event simulation. This thesis stands out for its educational approach, its clear language and the depth of the physics discussion. The methods and tools presented offer readers essential practical tools for future research.

Providing an in-depth understanding both for general readers and astronomy enthusiasts, this highly comprehensive book provides an up-to-date survey of our knowledge of the Universe beyond Earth. The book explores our Solar System, its planets and other bodies; examines the Sun and how it and other stars evolve through their lifetimes; discusses the search for planets beyond our Solar System and how we might detect life on them; and highlights interesting objects found within our galaxy, the Milky Way. It also looks at our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, as well as many other intriguing topics, such as time, black holes and Einstein's theories, dark matter, dark energy and the Cosmic Microwave Background. The book is uniquely supported by video lectures given by the author, available online. It also includes the very latest astronomical observations, such as those made by the Planck and Kepler spacecraft.

The PUILS series delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science, a newly emerging interdisciplinary research field spanning atomic and molecular physics, molecular science, and optical science, which has been stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored by researchers at the forefront of each their own subfields of UILS. Every chapter opens with an overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers unfamiliar to the subfield, as well as graduate students, can grasp the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries. This tenth volume covers a broad range of topics from this interdisciplinary research field, focusing on electron scattering by atoms in intense laser fields, atoms and molecules in ultrashort pulsed EUV and X-ray light fields, filamentation induced by intense laser fields, and physics in super-intense laser fields.

Chapter 1 - Introduction to Electrostatics Chapter 2 - Fundamental Concepts in Electrostatics Chapter 3 - Poisson's Equation and Laplace's Equation Chapter 4 - Electrostatic Generator and Induction Chapter 5 - Static Electricity Chapter 6 - Electrostatic Discharge Chapter 7 - Classical Electromagnetism Chapter 8 - Lorentz Force Chapter 9 - Lepton Chapter 10 - Antiparticle Chapter 11 - Electromotive Force Chapter 12 - Positronium Chapter 13 - Quantum Electrodynamics Chapter 14 - Waveguide (Electromagnetism)

Chapter 1 - Magnetic Monopole Chapter 2 - Axion Chapter 3 - Goldstone Boson Chapter 4 - Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics Chapter 5 - Neutralino Chapter 6 - Supermanifold Chapter 7 - Weakly Interacting Massive Particles Chapter 8 - Tachyon Chapter 9 - Higgs Boson Chapter 10 - W'and Z'Bosons & X and Y Bosons Chapter 11 - An Exceptionally Simple Theory of Everything Chapter 12 - Faster-Than-Light Chapter 13 - Mirror Matter

Space-based laboratory research in fundamental physics is an emerging research discipline that offers great discovery potential and at the same time could drive the development of technological advances which are likely to be important to scientists and technologists in many other different research fields. The articles in this review volume have been contributed by participants of the international workshop “From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space” held at the Airlie Center in Warrenton, Virginia, USA, on May 21-24, 2006. This unique volume discusses the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics that are anticipated in the near future, and evaluates the discovery potential of a number of recently proposed space-based gravitational experiments. Specific research areas covered include various tests of general relativity and alternative theories, search of physics beyond the Standard Model, investigations of possible violations of the equivalence principle, search for new hypothetical long- and short-range forces, variations of fundamental constants, tests of Lorentz invariance and attempts at unification of the fundamental interactions. The book also encompasses experiments aimed at the discovery of novel phenomena, including dark matter candidates, and studies of dark energy.

Introduction to Astronomy & Cosmology is a modern undergraduate textbook, combining both the theory behind astronomy with the very latest developments. Written for science students, this book takes a carefully developed scientific approach to this dynamic subject. Every major concept is accompanied by a worked example with end of chapter problems to improve understanding Includes coverage of the very latest developments such as double pulsars and the dark galaxy. Beautifully illustrated in full colour throughout Supplementary web site with many additional full colour images, content, and latest developments. Ian Morison began his love of astronomy when, at the age of 12, he made a telescope out of lenses given to him by his optician. He went on to study Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy at Oxford and in 1970 was appointed to the staff of the University of Manchester where he now teaches astronomy, computing and electronics. He is a past president of the Society for Popular Astronomy, one of the UK's largest astronomical societies. He remains on the society's council and holds the post of instrument advisor helping members with their choice and use of Telescopes. He lectures wi9dely on astronomy, has co-authored books for amateur astronomers and writes regularly for the two UK astronomy magazines. He also writes a monthly sky guide for the Jodrell Bank Observatory's web site and produces an audio version as part of the Jodrell Bank Podcast. He has contributed to many television programmes and is a regular astronomy commentator on local and national radio. Another activity he greatly enjoys to take amateur astronomers on observing trips such as those to Lapland to see the Aurora Borealis and on expeditions to Turkey and China to observe total eclipses of the Sun. In 2003 the Minor Planets Committee of the International Astronomical Union named asteroid 15,727 in his honour, citing his work with MERLIN, the world's largest linked array of radio telescopes, and that in searching for intelligent life beyond our Solar System in Project Phoenix. In 2007 he was appointed to the post of Gresham Professor of Astronomy. Dating from 1597, this is the oldest astronomy professorship in the world and was once held by Christopher Wren.

Cosmologists yearn to behold the unseen elements of our universe. And as new technologies become more powerful and precise, scientists are getting their wishâ€'though these tools are challenging the limits of our imagination as fast as they are answering many longstanding questions. Space is one of the last great frontiers for modern man. A never-ending source of investigation and inspiration, it beckons to scientists with an irresistible siren’s call. And in this glorious age of cosmology, astronomical measurement has never been more precise. The power provided to us by extraordinary new observational mechanisms has shattered former suppositions and stimulated exciting new visions of the universe. Using modern instruments such as the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), astronomers now have access to information about the age and composition of the universe. By providing greatly improved answers, high-resolution satellite data and novel telescopic techniques have transformed one of science’s most speculative fields into a triumph of meticulous and rigorous detection. Yet as the technological tools grow increasingly robust and we are able to see farther and know more, we find that we have even more questions. Could there be realms beyond ordinary space? Might time, space, and matter simply be illusions? What unique blend of cosmological factors influences life on Earth? Featuring interviews with leaders in the field as well as thought-provoking descriptions of their work, Brave New Universe is a guided tour of current advances and controversies in cosmology.

Since 1975, the Marcel Grossmann Meetings have been organized to provide opportunities for discussing recent advances in gravitation, general relativity and relativistic field theories, emphasizing mathematical foundations, physical predictions and experimental tests. The objective of these meetings is to facilitate exchange among scientists that may deepen our understanding of space-time structures and to review the status of ongoing experiments aimed at testing Einstein's theory of gravitation from either the ground or space.The Eighth Marcel Grossmann Meeting took place on 22-27 June, 1997, at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. The scientific program included 25 plenary talks and 40 parallel sessions during which 400 papers were presented. The papers that appear in this book cover all aspects of gravitation, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments.

The interface between particle physics and cosmology, known as astroparticle physics, can play a key role in our understanding of the universe. This international school, cosponsored by the Houston Advanced Research Center (HARC) and the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSC), was proposed as an effort to coordinate the explosion in knowledge and attract reseachers to this fascinating discipline.