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The book focuses on a systemic study of the challenges of the modern economy and related problems and areas of sustainable development of countries, regions, and businesses, with particular attention paid to the new prospects offered by the spread of digital technology. The book's contribution to the literature is that it reveals the specifics and digital perspectives of supporting the SDGs in the economy at every level of the economy: country, regional, and corporate, considering sectoral specificities—this is reflected in six parts of the book. Part 1 identifies contemporary challenges of the modern economy as barriers to sustainable development. Part 2 reflects the future direction of sustainable development of the countries. Part 3 considers the problems and prospects for sustainable development of regions. Part 4 focuses on the problems and prospects for the sustainable development of enterprises and industries. Part 5 sheds light on the economic and legal foundations and cooperative mechanisms of sustainable development. Part 6 offers recommendations for enhancing the use of digital technologies offered by Industry 4.0 to support the SDGs. Scientists whose research interests include sustainable economic development are the primary target audience for this book. For the primary target audience, the book forms a systemic view of the global challenges of sustainable development and offers a set of scientific and methodological recommendations to provide an effective response to these challenges at every level of the economy. An additional audience for the book is practicing experts, who will find international best practices and applied recommendations to support sustainable economic development and implementation of the SDGs in the practice of state (national regulation and public administration of the region) and corporate (in various industries) management.

This volume describes the thinking on sustainable development and a variety of initiatives across Europe, illustrating regional efforts to foster sustainable communities and ecological and social innovation. It contains various contributions which showcase examples of thinking, economic and social structures and in consumption and production patterns needed, to implement the SDGs.This book is part of the'100 papers to accelerate the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals initiative'.

This book aims to cover most subject areas of green infrastructure such as components, multi-functionality, and integration to build environment, contribution to urban sustainability, sustainable and smart city development, urban climate change nexus, green buildings and rating systems, economic assessment, and quantification of green infrastructure. The impending climate crisis, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the importance of green infrastructure in and around cities, prompting a call for more functional and sustainable urban planning and design. A number of recent studies have shown that green infrastructure provides a wide range of ecosystem functions and services critical to human well-being and urban sustainability, which is especially important during climatic and health crises. In this book, the authors emphasize the importance of existing green infrastructure in coping with climate change-induced stresses, such as increasing climate variability and extreme temperature and precipitation events, as well as contributing to urban dwellers'physical and mental health. Green infrastructure, in both cases, plays a significant role in providing urban areas with resilience capacity, which is critical to urban sustainability. The authors also emphasize the importance of expanding and improving green infrastructure, particularly in vulnerable areas, through integrative and participatory processes.Appropriate integration of green-gray infrastructure and development of climate resilient cities is the core theme of this publication. Further, it emphasizes sustainable development which has become an imperative requirement to the world to move fore and climate change-built environment nexus, the most critical global crisis. Though several books were published globally on the green infrastructure and urban resilience individually, books are rarely published combining both disciplines. This book identifies and addresses the gap through comprehensively discussing on both interlinked areas which is essential for the sustainable urban development. Further, it explores on urban climate resilience, urban sprawl, urbanization, resilience drivers, essentials of city resilience, policy implications, challenges, and future perspectives. This book is a useful fundamental guide in practical applications of green infrastructure in built environment in sustainability context. Further, it enlightens on the significance of transforming the conventional building construction trend to sustainable urban planning designs and building development, exploring on the strategic pathway on building urban climate resilience while signifying the importance of healthy built environment through discussing on the nexus between climate change and built environment.

Wie können Lehramtsstudierende besser auf ihren Beruf vorbereitet werden? Die explorative Studie befasst sich mit der Entwicklung und Evaluation einer universitären Professionalisierungsmaßnahme im Rahmen des Praxissemesters. Ziel ist es, angehende Lehrkräfte sukzessiv für die Planung und Durchführung von inklusivem Unterricht im Fach Englisch vor dem Hintergrund des Universal Design for Learning (UDL) und eines Planungsleitfadens zu qualifizieren. U.a. zeigt sich eine signifikante Steigerung der studentischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen bezogen auf inklusive Unterrichtsgestaltung. Die Studie leistet einen ersten Beitrag zur Erforschung des Potenzials von inklusionsorientierten Professionalisierungsmaßnahmen vor dem Hintergrund des UDL im Fach Englisch.

Das Lehrbuch stellt angehenden Lehrerinnen und Lehrern Forschungsmethoden der qualitativen und quantitativen Bildungs- und Schulforschung vor, die sich für ihr Forschendes Lernen im Lehramtsstudium und darüber hinaus eignen. Damit können sie ihr zukünftiges Berufsfeld kritisch reflektieren. Es werden mögliche Forschungsdesigns und zentrale Forschungsmethoden vorgestellt und auf die Schule und den Unterricht angewendet. Beispiele illustrieren das Vorgehen und verdeutlichen Forschendes Lernen als Teil von Lehrprofessionalität.

Water Management and Circular Economy covers the role of water in the mainstream dimensions of society, economy, environment/ecology and technology. Along with the under conceptualization of the Circular Economy (CE), the book covers the role of recycling and reusing the otherwise lost sources of waste, gray or untapped water sources towards a second round of utility. This book bridges the gap between water inflows in nature with the wide spectrum of its potential applications in humanity. Sections cover direct and indirect entities conceptualized as'outflows, including water, energy, products and services to urban, suburban, rural and insular contexts of analysis. As such, this content will be important reading for Water Scientists, Water Managers, and civil engineers. - Includes real-world applications and case studies to show how these policies can be adopted - Presents global coverage, with a diverse list of contributors – all of whom are experts in the field - Showcases a multidisciplinary approach, with editors from environmental and managerial backgrounds, thus helping to cross the bridge between social and science fields

This open access book addresses the pressing need for sustainability in urban development and the use of technology, with cities to serve as the main stage for strategies that seek to meet the targets and the cross-sector priorities indicated in the EU's Next Generation program, all in pursuit of a solid recovery on the part of the European economy, along lines of ecological transition, digitalization, competitiveness, training, and inclusion to overcome social, territorial, and gender differences.The international study encounter is meant to promote visions shared by architectural technology and other disciplines, which, though they may appear to differ, are closely interconnected, with the aim of achieving an open, interdisciplinary integration capable of proposing concrete projects regarding topics held to be of strategic importance to the future of the built environment. These are identified to draw up evolving scenarios of architecture and cities suited to reflection, at various levels, on innovative models of process and product.

Warum obligatorischer Musikunterricht? Musikunterricht wird oft als ›nice-to-have‹ betrachtet und im Rahmen knapper Ressourcen in Frage gestellt. Der Begründungsdruck führt dazu, dass der Musik Wirkungen zugesprochen werden, die wissenschaftlich nicht haltbar sind. Ist das Schulfach Musik tatsächlich zu begründen? Wie soll es ausgerichtet sein? Gelingender Unterricht ist nicht nur von Lehrplan und Qualifikation der Lehrpersonen abhängig. Vielmehr spielen Haltungen und Überzeugungen von Lehrenden und Lernenden eine entscheidende Rolle. Markus Cslovjecsek zeigt auf, wo die Beteiligten die Legitimation von Musikunterricht sehen und richtet sich damit an alle, die an schulischem (Musik-)Unterricht und seiner Begründung interessiert sind - ein ›must-have‹ für alle Bildungsverantwortlichen.

A practical, comprehensive textbook that uses active learning techniques to teach about the challenges and opportunities associated with urban sustainability.While the problem of urban sustainability has long been a subject of great scholarly interest, there has, until now, been no single source providing a multi-disciplinary, exhaustive view of how it can be effectively taught. Filling this gap, Our Urban Future uses active learning techniques to comprehensively relate the theory of urban sustainability and the what, why, and how of sustainable cities. This practical, pedagogically rich textbook concisely covers all the key subjects of the field, including ecosystem services and transects, the internal design and patterning of urban elements, how cities mitigate and adapt to climate change, and questions of environmental justice. It functions as both an illuminating roadmap and active reference to which any student of sustainability can turn to find essential resources and perspectives in pursuit of creating sustainable cities.Approachable, discrete exercises introduce students to key sustainability subjectsLearn-by-doing approach encourages critically engaging from multiple anglesIdeal for students across environmental sustainability, urban planning, urban design, urban studies, sociology architecture, landscape architecture, and geographyRobust suite of ancillaries includes links and downloadable data to support activities, and additional readings and resources

This book collects the best papers presented at a recent conference organized by SIEV (Italian Society of Appraisal and Valuation) to promote the interaction between Appraisal and Valuation and other social sciences to study the effects of migration on value and social, spatial and economic systems in a multicultural city. The book consists of seventeen papers in two parts. The first part,'Values and Relational Systems in Multicultural Societies', features how social sciences--including appraisal and valuation, urban planning, philosophy, psychology, and geography--take different approaches to studying values and relationships, converging to form a unified mosaic of complementary and interconnected knowledge. The second part,'Permeability and Permanence of Values in a Contemporary Multicultural City', highlights the most crucial topics on which appraisals and models focus to interpret and represent the influence of migration on the real estate market in different urban and territorial contexts, from historical centers, small towns, to tourist cities, also taking into account sustainability, maintenance and regeneration of cities.

Handbook of Biofuels Production: Processes and Technologies, Third Edition provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on a range of biomass conversion processes and technologies. In response to the global increase in the use of biofuels as substitute transportation fuels, advanced chemical, biochemical and thermochemical biofuels production routes are quickly being developed. Substantial additions for this new edition include increased coverage of emerging feedstocks, including microalgae, more emphasis on by-product valorization for biofuels'production, additional chapters on emerging biofuel production methods, and co-production of biofuels and bioproducts. The book's editorial team is strengthened by the addition of an extra member, and a number of new contributors have been invited to work with authors from the first and second edition to revise existing chapters, with each offering fresh perspectives. This book is an essential reference for professional engineers in the biofuel industry as well as researchers in academia, from post-graduate level and up. - Provides systematic and detailed coverage of the processes and technologies being used in the production of first, second and third generation biofuels - Evaluates the latest advanced chemical, biochemical and thermochemical technologies, processes and production routes - Takes an integrated biorefinery approach, guiding readers through the production of biofuels and their co-products in integrated biorefineries - Includes videos of industrial production facilities and equipment, showing how complex processes and reaction apparatus work in a lab and industry setting

Die Lehrer:innenbildung kennzeichnet eine plurale Vorbereitung auf den Umgang mit Heterogenität und Inklusion in der Schulpraxis. Weitgehender Konsens scheint darüber zu bestehen, dass Schulpraktische Studien Lehramtsstudierenden, Lehrkräften an Schulen und Dozierenden an Hochschulen vielfältige Optionen für eine Annäherung an das Themenfeld bieten. Dennoch ist über die mit Praxisphasen verbundenen Professionalisierungsanlässe und -prozesse von (angehenden) Lehrpersonen und pädagogischen Fachkräften im Umgang mit Heterogenität und Inklusion im schulpraktischen Alltag wenig bekannt. Der Band bearbeitet mit Beiträgen, die die Verknüpfung von Schulpraktischen Studien und den Umgang mit Heterogenität und Inklusion fokussieren, somit ein Desiderat innerhalb einer sonst breit angelegten Forschung und Diskussion, die bislang primär entweder schulische Praxisphasen oder Inklusion in der Lehrer:innenbildung thematisiert.

This ground-breaking Encyclopedia provides a nuanced overview of the key concepts of urban and regional planning and design. Embracing a broad understanding of planning and design within and beyond the professions, it examines what planners and designers can do in and for a community. Covering both classic and novel planning theories, this Encyclopedia adopts an evolutionary perspective, reflecting on the changing meanings of terms over time. Featuring over 140 contributions drawn from diverse fields, it highlights the cross-disciplinary nature of planning and design. Contributors give practical insight into the field, and advance scientific knowledge and public conversation on planning and design.The Elgar Encyclopedia in Urban and Regional Planning and Design will be an essential resource for students and scholars of planning, design, urban studies and governance. It will also be highly useful for practitioners and civil servants seeking to deepen their understanding of public works, planning and environmental policy.Key Features:Critical perspectives on core concepts and debatesReflection on how to avoid reproducing current power/knowledge relationsExplores connections between fields and disciplines in planning and designExtensive cross-referencing between entries

Im vorliegenden Handbuch werden 84 pädagogische Begriffe, Theorien und Diskurse von 94 Vertreter•innen der Bildungswissenschaft vorgestellt und entlang ihrer historischen Entwicklung, aktuellen Positionen und zukünftigen Forschungsperspektiven kritisch diskutiert.Der Band stellt nicht nur ein breites Spektrum an theoretischen Bezügen, Grundbegriffen und Konzepten bereit, sondern ermöglicht überdies eine organisch-dynamische Rekonstruktion der bildungswissenschaftlichen Forschungslandschaft unter besonderer Berücksichtigung theoretischer Einsätze.In der Funktionalität eines komprimierten Nachschlagewerks erhalten Forschende, Lehrende, Studierende und Praktiker•innen klar strukturierte Texte, die eine Vielzahl derzeit relevanter pädagogischer und erziehungswissenschaftlicher Themen einführend vorstellen.

The promotion of sustainable urban development and livable cities in the past three decades has effectively merged the themes of urban health, urban sustainability, and urban livability into an integrated research field. As more people are predicted to live in a relatively confined space, the balance between the physical/built environment, social environment, and urban dwellers becomes more delicate. Urban systems have evolved to be more complex than ever during this process. While complex systems often offer relative stability, delicate balance requires carefully designed plans and management to avoid collapse. It is, hence, of great interest and importance to know what future sustainable and livable cities look like. Intersecting Health, Livability, and Human Behavior in Urban Environments considers how to improve the quality of the environment and healthy living in contemporary and future urban environments. Covering key topics such as environmental health, smart cities, and urban health, this premier reference source is ideal for policymakers, government officials, scholars, researchers, academicians, instructors, and students.

Landscape architecture is one of the key professions dedicated to making cities hospitable and healthy places to live, work and play, while respecting and enhancing the natural environments and landscapes we inhabit. This edited collection presents current writing about the pivotal roles that landscape architects play in addressing some of the most pressing problems facing the planet, its environments and its populations through their research, analysis and speculative practice. The book has assembled current writings on recent research structured around five major themes: governance, power and partnership; infrastructure, systems and performance; environment, resilience and climate change; people, place and design; and culture, heritage and identity. As a collection, the chapters demonstrate the diversity of themes and topics that are expanding the scholarly body of knowledge for the discipline and its relevance to the practice of landscape architecture. The contributors to this book are academic researchers and practitioners from the discipline of landscape architecture. The chapters draw on their research, teaching and experience as well as analysis of project examples. Fifty-two contributors from the United Stsates, United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Malaysia, Spain, Colombia, Australia, New Zealand and Canada discuss a diverse range of contemporary themes in urban landscape architecture. Collectively, the contributors demonstrate the breadth of experience, shared concerns and distinct issues that challenge urban landscape architecture and cities in the 21st century.

This is an open access book. This book, first of all, introduces the new unveiled Guangdong-Macao Intensive Cooperation Zone with details as a special mode of the regional collaborative development that is committed to be mutually beneficial to both sides with different political and economic systems. China's central authorities have recently issued a masterplan for constructing the Guangdong-Macao Intensive Cooperation Zone at Hengqin Island in September 2021. As China's first and last European colony and one of China's two special administrative regions (SARs), Macao has developed the gambling industry seven times larger than that of Las Vegas. However, the problem of the homogeneous industrial structure and the urgent need to promote sustainable economic growth by regional cooperation have been important theoretical and practical issues discussed by scholars and policy-makers. The Guangdong-Macao Intensive Cooperation Zone (ICZ) is managed under special customs supervision between two boarder lines and expected to diversify Macao's economy. Then, this book dissects the theory of regional synergistic development and its applications in a number of international comparative and cross-interdisciplinary case studies worldwide. Finally, from the perspective of land use, transportation connection, and social service, this book thoroughly explores the challenges and strategies to implement the new cooperation model within the framework of one country, two systems, two customs, and two currencies to achieve a win–win situation using updated first-hand data collected by literature review, case study, field survey, spatial analysis, and interview.

Against the backdrop of an accelerating global urbanization and related ecological, climatic or social challenges to urban sustainability, this book focuses on the access to “safe, inclusive and accessible green and public space” as outlined in United Nations'Sustainable Development Goal No. 11. Looking through the lens of environmental justice and contested urban spaces, it raises the question who ultimately benefits from a green city development, and – even more importantly – who does not. While green space benefits are well-documented, green space provision is faced by multiple challenges in an era of urban neoliberalism. With their interdisciplinary and multi-method approach, the chapters in this book carefully study the different dimensions of green space access with particular focus on vulnerable groups, critically evaluate cases of procedural injustice and, in the case of Northern Europe that is often seen as forerunner of urban sustainability, provide in-depth studies on the contexts of injustices in urban greening. Chapters 1, 5, and 6 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Now in its 3rd edition, this extensively revised and significantly expanded handbook addresses important new research findings and the global need for action. There is a growing consensus that anthropogenic activities have been driving global climate change and the consequence will be catastrophic for civilization. Reducing the 37.1 billion metric tons of CO2 produced annually (2017 global emissions) along with other greenhouse gases has become a leading grand challenge and the pursuit of sustainable energy, environments and economies is a complex issue affecting the daily life of every citizen. The Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation collates information in this multi-disciplinary area, providing readers with a comprehensive overview on the scientific background and current technologies. Intended for an interdisciplinary, global audience of researchers at universities and in industry, it covers climate change models; established, mature and promising future technologies and ideas; the impact of climate change; strategies for dealing with global warming; the related political frameworks; and climate education.

Providing a comprehensive overview of the governance of urban infrastructures, this Companion combines illustrative cases with conceptual approaches to offer an innovative perspective on the governance of large urban infrastructure systems. Contributions by leading scholars in the field present a transdisciplinary approach to the topic, with a global scope.Chapters examine the challenges facing urban infrastructure systems, including financial, economic, technological, social, ecological, jurisdictional and demand. Using novel conceptualizations of urban infrastructure, and examining global cases of specific energy, mobility, water, housing, green and telecommunication systems, the Companion further illustrates how these challenges are interrelated with their governance. Finding efficiency, sustainability, and resilience to be key governance performance indicators, it concludes by highlighting the role that digitalization plays in making cities smarter and argues for the potential of digitalization for large urban infrastructure governance.With global significance, this Companion will be an invaluable read for students and scholars of urban studies, governance and infrastructure. The informative case studies will be an excellent resource for city practitioners, officials and policymakers.

This book offers an overview of Russian and international experience in developing the concept of future cities and its practical implementation. The concept of future cities is associated with several important trends. The first trend is the sustainable development of the urban environment and the implementation of eco-friendly technologies and materials in civil construction, industrial and power plants. The harmonious coexistence of the citizens with all forms of nature in the urban habitat becomes a great value. The second trend is the individualization of the aesthetical and architectural image of the future cities. The city's unique flavor based on the blending of the historical legacy and architectural traditions is now as important as the utility of the environment. The third trend is the digitalization of the urban environment with the use of state-of-the-art sensors, information and communication technologies, and data science. The efficiency of operations and services achieved by the extensive use of complex IoT networks becomes a value as well. The last trend is the adaptation of the urban and social environment for individual demands of a community and a person. Individual comfort and safety are now more important than ever before. By addressing these trends, the volume discusses local and international plans, practices, and technologies aimed at the development and implementation of future cities.

In recent decades, the intensification of unpredictable events including the Covid-19 outbreak, Brexit, trade warfare, religion-inspired terrorism and civil wars, and climate change has resulted in serious loss of human lives and property, a decrease in biodiversity and natural hazards (with long-term negative impacts on environment), and impeded social and economic development. Economics and Engineering of Unpredictable Events: Modelling, Planning and Policies provides an integrated view of the management of unpredictable events incorporating three major perspectives: economic management, environmental planning and engineering models. Contributors from economics, planning, regional science, and engineering address key questions including; How resilient are human societies and their habitats? What should societies do to shift from being vulnerable to being more resilient? And what role should planning and policies play to protect communities and the natural environment? The chapters cover academic debates, conceptual reflections, case studies, methods, and strategy development with particular reference to mitigation and adaptation in face of unpredictable events. This book is of particular interest to readers of economic policy, urban and regional planning and engineering.

While urban settlements are the drivers of the global economy and centres of learning, culture, and innovation and nations rely on competitive dynamic regions for their economic, social, and environmental objectives, urban centres and regions face a myriad of challenges that impact the ways in which people live and work, create wealth, and interact and connect with places. Rapid urbanisation is resulting in urban sprawl, rising emissions, urban poverty and high unemployment rates, housing affordability issues, lack of urban investment, low urban financial and governance capacities, rising inequality and urban crimes, environmental degradation, increasing vulnerability to natural disasters and so forth. At the regional level, low employment, low wage growth, scarce financial resources, climate change, waste and pollution, and rising urban peri-urban competition etc. are impacting the ability of regions to meet socio-economic development goals while protecting biodiversity. The response to these challenges has typically been the application of inadequate or piecemeal solutions, often as a result of fragmented decision-making and competing priorities, with numerous economic, environmental, and social consequences. In response, there is a growing movement towards viewing cities and regions as complex and sociotechnical in nature with people and communities interacting with one another and with objects, such as roads, buildings, transport links etc., within a range of urban and regional settings or contexts. This comprehensive MRW will provide readers with expert interdisciplinary knowledge on how urban centres and regions in locations of varying climates, lifestyles, income levels, and stages development are creating synergies and reducing trade-offs in the development of resilient, resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, liveable, socially equitable, integrated, and technology-enabled centres and regions.

This book presents carbon footprint calculation and mitigation in the manufacturing and transportation sectors. Warning effects of global warming from every sector is of phenomenal importance at this moment and sector wise assessment and remediation are the key factors to mitigate the vulnerable green house gas emissions. This volume with its six chapters deals with the carbon footprint of manufacturing and transportation sectors.

Although organic farming and agroecology are normally not associated with the use of new technologies, it's rapid growth, new technologies are being adopted to mitigate environmental impacts of intensive production implemented with external material and energy inputs. GPS, satellite images, GIS, drones, help conventional farming in precision supply of water, pesticides, fertilizers. Prescription maps define the right place and moment for interventions of machinery fleets. Yield goal remains the key objective, integrating a more efficient use or resources toward an economic-environmental sustainability. Technological smart farming allows extractive agriculture entering the sustainability era. Societies that practice agroecology through the development of human-environmental co-evolutionary systems represent a solid model of sustainability. These systems are characterized by high-quality agroecosystems and landscapes, social inclusion, and viable economies.This book explores the challenges posed by the new geographic information technologies in agroecology and organic farming. It discusses the differences among technology-laden conventional farming systems and the role of technologies in strengthening the potential of agroecology. The first part reviews the new tools offered by geographic information technologies to farmers and people. The second part provides case studies of most promising application of technologies in organic farming and agroecology: the diffusion of hyperspectral imagery, the role of positioning systems, the integration of drones with satellite imagery. The third part of the book, explores the role of agroecology using a multiscale approach from the farm to the landscape level. This section explores the potential of Geodesign in promoting alliances between farmers and people, and strengthening food networks, whether through proximity urban farming or asserting land rights in remote areas in the spirit of agroecological transition. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons 4.0 license.

Ganz gleich ob in Kontexten von Grundschule oder Erwachsenenbildung, ob vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung oder auch inklusionsorientierter Unterrichtsgestaltung: Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen, die Lernprozesse adäquat anregen und begleiten, entsprechen kaum noch den klassischen Rollenvorstellungen einer Lehrkraft, die lediglich doziert und referiert. Die Rolle wandelt sich dahingehend zu der eines Lernarrangeurs, einer Lernberatenden, eines Coaches, einer Mentorin oder einer Trainerin für die Lernenden. Dies stellt neue Anforderungen an die Professionalisierung und verlangt nach einer entsprechenden pädagogischen Haltung. Zugleich werden innovative Konzepte, Ideen und Herangehensweisen für die lebendige und nachhaltige Ausgestaltung der Lehr-Lern-Prozesse notwendig. Der Band versammelt Beiträge, die sich mit theoretischen Überlegungen zu Lernbegleitungsprozessen auseinandersetzen, die konkrete Beispiele aus Praxisphasen der Lehrkräftebildung aufzeigen, die Einblicke in universitäre Ausbildungskonzepte gewähren, sowie schließlich auch Berichte aus Forschungsvorhaben und empirischen Studien, die Implikationen für Aus- und Weiterbildungsprozesse ableiten.

The volume «Language and Identity in Migration Contexts», which contains studies from different languages and migration contexts across the world, provides an excellent overview of the topic while highlighting some key elements like multilingualism, societal and educational contexts, as well as forced migration. The volume will therefore be of much interest to researchers working on these topics. (Prof. Dr. Anita Auer, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland) The contributions to this volume shed a new light on various central topics in the discourses on language, migration and identity. The continued centrality of language on identity formation processes is underlined but it is shown that language is not a defining criterion for identity formation processes of migrants, in the context of migration or for heritage speakers in all cases. However, societal contexts play an important role in identity formation and these societal contexts themselves are strongly influenced by the ideologies that are prevalent in societies and that may be perpetuated in educational contexts. In the discussion of language, identity and migration in this volume, perspectives from the Global North are enriched by perspectives of the Global South, and the impact of media influence in migration discourse is analysed.

This book examines social innovation strategies in the collaborative development of spaces for growing food in cities. It enables readers to gain valuable insights into an innovative social and spatial practice whilst advancing knowledge in an emerging area of research. The book will also be of great relevance to social activists, urban designers, planners, and decision-makers with an interest in applying this expertise to their own neighbourhoods and cities. Urban food growing spaces have multiplied in recent times. This green and inclusive urbanism creates social value for the health, wellbeing, and welfare of local inhabitants. Therefore, there is a convincing argument to investigate innovative spatial practices that can enable cities to meet the needs of an increasing population. Despite the mounting interest in collective approaches to sustainable development, limited attention has been given to the diverse ways in which this social action has been pursued. How are urban food growing spaces produced through social innovation? What are the innovative processes that can be translated in a replicable model to other cities, yet suitable for local needs, to support the development of healthier, more socially just built environments?

This edited book aims to ignite both an academic and practitioner-oriented discussion regarding the question how the business and government sector can adapt to today's fast-changing climate. Specifically, the collection seeks to explore how businesses and policy makers can prepare for a world where freshwater is scarce, extreme weather events are common, floods and wildfires are frequent, and global sea levels rise by more than two meters. In addition to assessing incremental approaches, it explores strategies that employ interdisciplinary and innovative solutions to climate change adaptation. The chapters included in this book examine and propose business and policy solutions for climate-induced economic, technical, urban, and societal challenges. It draws on an international range of prominent authors and, therefore, will be of interest for academics and practitioners working in the field of sustainability management, sustainable finance, sustainable operationsmanagement, food management, strategy, and environmental management. It can also serve as a valuable guide for practitioners and policymakers in those fields.

Fachbezogene Planungskompetenzen bilden einen wesentlichen Bestandteil der Professionalität von Lehrkräften und sind im Rahmen institutionalisierter Lerngelegenheiten der Lehrerbildung wie dem seit 2015 in Nordrhein-Westfalen durchgeführten Praxissemester auszubilden. Die tatsächliche Wirksamkeit derartiger Langzeitpraktika ist professionstheoretisch jedoch umstritten. Die Arbeit untersucht die spezifische Wirkung des Praxissemesters auf die Entwicklung von Planungskompetenzen bei angehenden Lehrkräften im Fach Sachunterricht. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Entwicklungen eines Kompetenzstrukturmodells als Referenzrahmen für Wirksamkeitsaussagen sowie eines Rasch-skalierten Messinstrumentes zur standardisierten und validen Erfassung der interessierenden Kompetenz beschrieben. Die dargestellten Ergebnisse einer umfassenden Pilotierungsstudie belegen die generelle Eignung des entwickelten Instrumentes, das im Rahmen eines quasi-experimentellen Forschungsdesigns anschließend für eine Prä-Post-Untersuchung bei Studierenden an der Universität Paderborn eingesetzt wurde. Die berichteten Ergebnisse dieser Studie deuten darauf hin, dass das Praxissemester entgegen der damit verbundenen Intention keine signifikant positiven Effekte auf die Entwicklung der interessierenden Kompetenz hat.

This open access book outlines new concepts, development models, governance and implementation processes capable of addressing the challenges of transformative urban regeneration of cities at precinct scale.

The two-volume Proceedings set CCIS 1675 and 1676 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference, ARTIIS 2022, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, during September 12–15, 2022. The 72 papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 191 submissions. These papers were categorized into 2 technical tracks, i.e., Sustainability and Ethics, Security, and Privacy.

Depuis plusieurs années, de nouvelles formes d'agriculture urbaine se font jour en France, questionnant la recherche et ses liens à l'action. La recherche se mobilise donc pour connaître et évaluer ce phénomène, qui interroge les relations entre urbains et leurs connexions aux espaces à la nature et à l'alimentation : fonctionnements technico-économiques de ces agricultures, spécificités des sols urbains, enjeux fonciers et services écosystémiques rendus. Le livre s'interroge sur les formes sociales des agricultures urbaines et sur leurs places dans les systèmes alimentaires des territoires. Constatant la forte appétence des collectivités, des habitants et autres acteurs de la ville pour ces agricultures, l'ouvrage présente des produits de recherches conduites avec des acteurs publics et associatifs, professionnels et opérateurs économiques : plateforme collaborative, jeu sérieux, logiciels d'aide à la décision, applis, observatoire participatif, méthodes et guides pour l'action... Un état des lieux des formations existantes en agriculture urbaine est proposé, soulignant les défis à relever et les conditions nécessaires pour développer les agricultures urbaines.. Cet ouvrage est destiné aux étudiants, aux enseignants et aux chercheurs, ainsi qu'aux acteurs publics et privés de l'aménagement urbain, du développement agricole et des politiques alimentaires.

Die Berücksichtigung sprachlicher Vielfalt in Bildungsinstitutionen im Sinne gesellschaftlicher Teilhabe beschäftigt die Universität Duisburg-Essen seit ihren Anfängen und prägt entsprechend die Lehrkräfteausbildung vor Ort.Dieser Sammelband vereint Beiträge zu hochschuldidaktischen Formaten an der Universität Duisburg-Essen, die die fachorientierte Sprachbildung und sprachliche Vielfalt in der Lehrkräftebildung fokussieren. Dabei widmen sich die Autor:innen den Potenzialen, Herausforderungen und Grenzen dieser Neuorientierung in der Lehrkräftebildung aus interdisziplinärer und hochschuldidaktischer Perspektive. Dadurch ermöglicht der Band sowohl den Transfer hochschuldidaktischer Konzepte als auch die Ableitung weiterführender forschungsorientierter Implikationen im Bereich Deutsch als Zweitsprache und Sprachbildung im Kontext von Mehrsprachigkeit.

This book gives a special emphasis to state-of-the-art descriptions of approaches, methods, initiatives, and projects from universities, stakeholders, organizations, and civil society across the world, regarding cross-cutting issues in sustainable development.There is a perceived need for mobilizing the various stakeholders when attempting to promote sustainability in higher education and to promote best practices, which may inspire further initiatives. But despite this need, there are a few publications handling this matter in a coherent way. In order to meet the pressing need for publications which may document and disseminate examples of best practice on sustainable development at university level, the “Handbook of Best Practices in Sustainable Development at University Level” is being published.This book is produced by the European School of Sustainability Science and Research (ESSSR), through the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme (IUSDRP) and contains inputs from authors across all geographical regions.The book also discusses examples of initiatives coordinated by universities but involving civil society, the private sector, and public sector (including local, national, and intergovernmental bodies). In particular, it describes practical experiences, partnerships, networks, and training schemes for building capacity aimed at fostering the cause of sustainable development at institutions of higher education.Thanks to its design and the contributions by experts from various areas, it provides a welcome contribution to the literature on sustainable development, and it may inspire further works in this field.

This Monograph focuses on the new approaches that urban agriculture offers to grow food in cities. The author paints a dynamic picture of soil-less and indoor techniques that are currently emerging. A growing number of small scale community-led and entrepreneurial initiatives are using such techniques for diverse objectives: to increase resource efficiency; to strengthen food security; to educate and inform or to exploit new market opportunities. The described studies demonstrate how technologies that are typically used in high-tech food production can also be harnessed in small projects to generate social and economic benefits at a local level. The author puts a focus on three aspects: to outline the context within which small scale soil-less urban agriculture is developing in Europe; to give an overview of the state-of-the-art of projects focusing on this area through case study analysis and to elaborate on emerging questions. Such questions include: is the use of soil-less urban agriculture changing the relationship with, and perception of, what is natural and sustainable for urban farmers and small enterprises working in this sector? What is the perceived potential of these soil-less and indoor forms of urban agriculture to meet environmental, social and economic goals? By answering these and other questions, the volume is a valuable resource for researchers in agriculture and sustainability, as well as urban farmers.

This book aims to present an alternative based on natural processes and an environmental approach to post-excavation site management, e.g., post-coal mining heaps. These sites are places where various mineral excavation by-products are collected. Nevertheless, some post-mineral excavation sites are oligotrophic, terrestrial, wetland, and water habitat islands, providing unique biodiversity enrichment in the landscape. These oligotrophic mineral habitats are essential in over-fertilized, eutrophic, agricultural and urban-industry surroundings. Some post-mineral excavation sites are places where the wildlife can develop and support the functional processes of novel ecosystems. Implementing the newest biogeochemical and comprehensive knowledge into urban-industry landscape management will help to establish the ecosystem's processes and environmental functioning.There are several post-industrial sites in Europe where the wildlife areas developed due to natural processes, are becoming wildlife hotspots in densely populated urban-industry areas. In this respect, many of the oligotrophic mineral terrestrial, wetland, and water habitats of anthropogenic origin should not be categorized as environmentally dangerous and undergo economic utility-focused reclamation.Facing the actual environmental constraints of the Anthropocene Epoch, the book's chapters presenting the natural basics and perquisites of the environmental ecosystem mosaics, will be interesting for a broad range of environmentalists (scientists and students), miners, economists, and sociologists.

This book is part of a six-volume series on Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience. The series aims to fill in gaps in theory and practice in the Sendai Framework, and provides additional resources, methodologies and communication strategies to enhance the plan for action and targets proposed by the Sendai Framework. The series will appeal to a broad range of researchers, academics, students, policy makers and practitioners in engineering, environmental science and geography, geoscience, emergency management, finance, community adaptation, atmospheric science and information technology. This volume offers the international guidelines and global standards for resilient disaster risk reduction and lessons learned from disasters, particularly the COVID-19 and Cholera pandemics. A resilient health system and an effective disaster risk management Index are then suggested. The book further emphasizes urban resilience strategies with local authorities, adaptation strategies for urbanheat at regional, city and local scales, and lessons from community-level interventions. Also addressed are coastal erosion, displacement and resettlement strategies. Land use planning and green infrastructure are suggested as tools for natural hazards reduction. Human security in times of climate change and urban heat at regional, city and local scales is discussed for an integrated action, with case studies based in Manila, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Nigeria, India, Spain, and Ghana. Structure design for cascading disasters resulting from mining and flooding is presented and sustainable smart city planning using spatial data is recommended.

Pluralism in Ecosystem Governance, Volume 66 in the Advances in Ecological Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this release including chapters on An exploration of the effects of political pluralism on decision making for sustainability: Implications for membership on public sector boards, Transdisciplinary agroecological research on biodiversity and ecosystem services for sustainable and climate resilient farming systems in Malawi, Pluralistic approaches in research advance farming and freshwater sustainability efforts in the Great Lakes Basin, Pluralism to manage the complexity of ecosystem services co-production, Of green spaces and gray areas: An Ethnography of Ecosystem Governance in Peri-Urban Bangaluru, India, and more. Additional chapters include Charting Evidence-based Biodiversity Pathways for Sustainable Development in Canada, Community-scientist collaboration in the creation, management and research for two new National Wildlife Areas in Arctic Canada, Rigid social-ecological governance: how discourse inertia has limited pluralism in Doñana, and a variety of other topics. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Ecological Research series - Updated release includes the latest information on Pluralism in Economic Governance

The eight-volume set LNCS 13375 – 13382 constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2022, which was held in Malaga, Spain during July 4 – 7, 2022. The first two volumes contain the proceedings from ICCSA 2022, which are the 57 full and 24 short papers presented in these books were carefully reviewed and selected from 279 submissions. The other six volumes present the workshop proceedings, containing 285 papers out of 815 submissions. These six volumes includes the proceedings of the following workshops:​Advances in Artificial Intelligence Learning Technologies: Blended Learning, STEM, Computational Thinking and Coding (AAILT 2022); Workshop on Advancements in Applied Machine-learning and Data Analytics (AAMDA 2022); Advances in information Systems and Technologies for Emergency management, risk assessment and mitigation based on the Resilience (ASTER 2022); Advances in Web Based Learning (AWBL 2022); Blockchain and Distributed Ledgers: Technologies and Applications (BDLTA 2022); Bio and Neuro inspired Computing and Applications (BIONCA 2022); Configurational Analysis For Cities (CA Cities 2022); Computational and Applied Mathematics (CAM 2022), Computational and Applied Statistics (CAS 2022); Computational Mathematics, Statistics and Information Management (CMSIM); Computational Optimization and Applications (COA 2022); Computational Astrochemistry (CompAstro 2022); Computational methods for porous geomaterials (CompPor 2022); Computational Approaches for Smart, Conscious Cities (CASCC 2022); Cities, Technologies and Planning (CTP 2022); Digital Sustainability and Circular Economy (DiSCE 2022); Econometrics and Multidimensional Evaluation in Urban Environment (EMEUE 2022); Ethical AI applications for a human-centered cyber society (EthicAI 2022); Future Computing System Technologies and Applications (FiSTA 2022); Geographical Computing and Remote Sensing for Archaeology (GCRSArcheo 2022); Geodesign in Decision Making: meta planning and collaborative design for sustainable and inclusive development (GDM 2022); Geomatics in Agriculture and Forestry: new advances and perspectives (GeoForAgr 2022); Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics (Geog-An-Mod 2022); Geomatics for Resource Monitoring and Management (GRMM 2022); International Workshop on Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IKIT 2022); 13th International Symposium on Software Quality (ISSQ 2022); Land Use monitoring for Sustanability (LUMS 2022); Machine Learning for Space and Earth Observation Data (MALSEOD 2022); Building multi-dimensional models for assessing complex environmental systems (MES 2022); MOdels and indicators for assessing and measuring the urban settlement deVElopment in the view of ZERO net land take by 2050 (MOVEto0 2022); Modelling Post-Covid cities (MPCC 2022); Ecosystem Services: nature's contribution to people in practice. Assessment frameworks, models, mapping, and implications (NC2P 2022); New Mobility Choices For Sustainable and Alternative Scenarios (NEMOB 2022); 2nd Workshop on Privacy in the Cloud/Edge/IoT World (PCEIoT 2022); Psycho-Social Analysis of Sustainable Mobility in The Pre- and Post-Pandemic Phase (PSYCHE 2022); Processes, methods and tools towards RESilient cities and cultural heritage prone to SOD and ROD disasters (RES 2022); Scientific Computing Infrastructure (SCI 2022); Socio-Economic and Environmental Models for Land Use Management (SEMLUM 2022); 14th International Symposium on Software Engineering Processes and Applications (SEPA 2022); Ports of the future - smartness and sustainability (SmartPorts 2022); Smart Tourism (SmartTourism 2022); Sustainability Performance Assessment: models, approaches and applications toward interdisciplinary and integrated solutions (SPA 2022); Specifics of smart cities development in Europe (SPEED 2022); Smart and Sustainable Island Communities (SSIC

Urban Soil and Water Degration, Volume Seven explores a wide breadth of emerging and state-of-the-art technologies, including comprehensive coverage of topics such as Urban sprawl, Soil degradation, Hydrological challenges in urban areas, Soil and water quality – pollutant sources and pathways, Ecosystem services in urban areas, Freshwater-related nature-based solutions in cities, Property Rights and Climate Change - land use under changing environmental conditions, Municipal planning to prevent soil and water degradation: The case of Vilnius, In between water and fires: soil degradation in a new Mediterranean peri-urban landscape, and more. Additional chapters in this release include Groundwater in Venetian area, Soil protection and hydrogeological risk assessment. A strategic planning experience in Franciacorta, Data driven approach for assessing surface runoff in separated sewage systems: Israeli Case Study, Ecological status of urban streams and riparian habitats in the Czech Republic, Soil and water degradation in urban areas from western Romania, Mapping water ecosystem services: supply and demand in Stockholm, Land degradation and water availability in Ethiopia, and The study of land use and land cover changes in the Bekéscsaba area, Hungary. - Covers a wide breadth of emerging and state-of-the-art technologies - Includes contributions from an international board of authors - Provides a comprehensive set of reviews

In this important contribution to urban studies, Juliet Davis makes the case for a more ethical and humane approach to city development and management. With a range of illustrative case studies, the book challenges the conventional and neoliberal thinking of urban planners and academics, and explores new ways to correct problems of inequality and exclusion. It shows how a philosophy of caring can improve both city environments and communities. This is an original and powerful theory of urban care that can promote the wellbeing of our cities'many inhabitants.

In today's rapidly evolving world, it has never been more critical to consider key environmental issues such as climate change, pollution, and endangered species. Society faces an unknown future where the fate of the environment is continuously in flux based on current preservation initiatives that governments develop. In order to ensure the world is protected moving forward, further study on the importance of securing environments, ecosystems, and species is necessary to successfully implement change. The Research Anthology on Ecosystem Conservation and Preserving Biodiversity considers the best practices and strategies for protecting our current ecosystems as well as the potential ramifications of failing to implement policies. Society is at a crossroads where if we continue to ignore the danger and warning signs brought about by environmental issues, we will be unable to maintain a healthy environment. Covering essential topics such as extinction, climate change, and pollution, this major reference work is ideal for scientists, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Städte waren von jeher Orte, die vor Gefahren aus dem Umland schützten. Sie brachten aber auch neue Gefährdungen durch Krankheiten und Unfälle hervor. Gesundheitsschutz und Gesundheitsvorsorge sind daher traditionell eng mit räumlicher Planung verknüpft, die zwischen unterschiedlichen Raumansprüchen und möglichen Nutzungskonflikten abwägt. Um gesundheitsrelevante Aspekte, Themen und Handlungsfelder zu erkennen, müssen relevante Perspektiven miteinander verknüpft werden. Zur Erweiterung von Handlungsoptionen für eine gesunde Stadt ist es sinnvoll, raumbezogene Regelwerke in den Gestaltungsauftrag der Akteure räumlicher Planung und politischer Entscheider•innen einzubeziehen. Die »Edition Nachhaltige Gesundheit in Stadt und Region« wird unterstützt von der Fritz und Hildegard Berg-Stiftung im Stifterverband.

Urban Ecology and Global Climate Change Urban Ecology and Global Climate Change contains the latest practical and theoretical concepts of the emerging issues in urban ecological studies. The authors highlight some of the major challenges currently impeding ecological restoration goals in urbanized regions across the globe. It is sobering that the majority of sustainable development projects are being defeated by the increasing pace of two particular phenomena – namely climate change and urbanization. This book includes coverage of the major threats to biodiversity conservation and the most significant contributors to the deterioration of urban ecosystems. In addition, various case studies that reflect the anthropogenic interventions on ecological restoration are included. The book looks at evolving growth and urbanization concepts, monitoring of urbanization trends, land-use land cover (LULC) changes in urban and non-urban cities based on the use of open access data, urbanization affecting rural ecology, soil carbon emissions, urban development, human well-being and case studies of sustainable smart cities. Urban Ecology and Global Climate Change will find an appreciative audience amongst students of urban ecology and environmental policy, as well as policymakers, scientists and industrialists. The book provides an excellent introduction to the principles of smart city planning and urban sustainability with a view to maintaining ecological and conservation status of urban environments.

This edited book discusses Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) from conception to implementation in building resilience and urban sustainability. The book emphasizes on infrastructures, institutions, and perceptions as three main pillars of implementing and managing successful BGI, with a special focus on Asia. The book highlights concepts as well as field-based experiences from different parts of Asia by experts, with a special focus on advances and opportunities in advancing BGI, challenges and constraints, followed by case studies on BGI mainstreaming. It addresses sustainable water management, multiscale environmental design, environmental risk assessment, and finally understanding policy implications and concerns for BGI mainstreaming in growing urban sprawls of the region. There has been growing global momentum and recognition of Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) as a multifunctional Nature-based Solution (NbS) with multiple co-benefits. There is strong evidence from many urban centres of Europe, USA, China, and South Africa demonstrating that mainstreaming BGI can help in addressing growing vulnerability of urban areas by ensuring safety, resilience, and sustainability for urban residents in the warming world. This book is a timely contribution for researchers, students, scholars, urban planners, consultants, and policy makers in the fields of environment, resilience, urban planning, climate adaptation, and sustainability science.

This textbook on the Green City examines urban nature as an ideal, provider of services and conceptual urban design approach. It answers important contemporary questions that arise about the ecological and cultural interactions, development and structure, and ecological performance of urban nature worldwide. The book explains what urban nature is, how it came to be, and how it evolved in the context of the natural and cultural conditions of its sites. It also describes what constitutes urban biodiversity and the role of differentiated urban nature in the Green City concept. Theories of urban development and ecology are linked to practical applications of urban planning and illustrated with many case studies and examples. The great potentials of urban nature are shown in detail. In order to cope with or mitigate problems in the city, a targeted urban nature management adapted to the specific conditions of the different types of urban nature is needed, which includes nature conservation as well as nature design, always keeping in mind the relation to the urban dwellers. The textbook is especially addressed to students and teachers of urban planning, ecology, geography, social sciences as well as practitioners of urban design and nature conservation. This book is a translation of the original German 1st edition Die Grüne Stadt by Jürgen Breuste, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2019. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done by the author primarily in terms of content and scientific terms, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation but without loss of messages. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

There is growing recognition and awareness that nature can help provide viable solutions to reduce vulnerability and generate value deploying the properties of ecosystems and the services they provide. Investing in nature can lead to substantial environmental, social and economic benefits by reducing pollution, decreasing energy costs, improving health and well-being and increasing resilience to climate change and natural disasters. Nature-Based Solutions for More Sustainable Cities makes a clear case of performances, impacts, and benefits generated by NBS in cities providing a comprehensive framework approach to understand the real and full potential of NBS at the urban level taking into account several aspects, from design and planning to socio-economic evaluation and financial issues. Given the multifunctionality of NBS, the book collects contributions from several international experts ensuring the interaction between different disciplines contributing to enrich and to disseminate knowledge about NBS.

This open access book provides new perspectives on circular economy and space, explored towards the definition of regenerative territories characterised by healthy metabolisms. Going beyond the mere reuse/recycle of material waste as resources, this work aims to understand how to apply circularity principles to, among others, the regeneration of wastescapes. The main focus is the development over time, and in particular the way how spatial planning and strategies respond to new unpredictable urgencies and opportunities related with territorial metabolisms. The book specifically focuses on living labs environments, where it is possible to tackle complex problems through a multidisciplinary and multi-stakeholder approach - including the use of digital spatial decision support environment – which could be able to include all the involved stakeholders. Through a spatial scope of circularity, this book describes several examples including among others ideas from different contexts such as Italy, The Netherlands, Belgium and Vietnam. Through including reflections on methodology and representation, as well as on solutions for circular and healthy metabolisms, the book provides an excellent resource to researchers and students.

Tourism and ecosystems services are interdependant and face unique challenges. This book explores the challenges faced by destinations regarding the management and restoration of their ecosystem services.Responding to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, this book offers unique management solutions based on best practices from Europe, America, Asia, Africa, Indonesia and island destinations. The management techniques and strategies proposed are adaptive in nature, and they are meant to protect and sustain natural and cultural ecosystem services utilized by the tourism industry.Drawing from a rich collection of international case studies, the book adopts a user-friendly pedagogic approach, while seeking to be an essential future reference to scholars, researchers, academics and industry practitioners, destination management organizations and restoration agencies.