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This handbook provides comprehensive knowledge on device and system technologies for seamlessly integrated networks of various types of transmission media such as optical fibers and millimeter and THz waves to offer super high-speed data link service everywhere. The seamless integration of the knowledge of radio and optical technologies is needed to construct wired and wireless seamless networks. High-frequency bands such as millimeter-wave and THz-wave bands where super wideband spectra are available can offer high-speed data transmission and high-resolution sensing. However, the expected coverage is limited due to large wave propagation loss. Thus, convergence of radio and optical links is indispensable to construct worldwide networks. The radio and optical technologies share the same physics and are closely related to each other but have been developed independently. Therefore, there is a big gap between these two fields. Bridging the two fields, this handbook is also intended as a common platform to design integrated networks consisting of wireless and wired links. Full coverage of wireless and wired convergence fields ranging from basics of device and transmission media to applications allows the reader to efficiently access all the important references in this single handbook. Further, it also showcases state-of-the-art technology and cases of its use.

This Handbook provides readers with the current cutting edge of multiphase flow technology. It reviews the rapid development of multiphase flow technology, demonstrates the latest development of the technology and showcase the very latest applications. It provides readers with comprehensive updated reference information covering theory, modelling and numerical methods, design and measurement, and new applications in multiphase flow systems.The Handbook consists of three parts or volumes:1. Theory: describes the fundamentals including the concepts and definitions of multiphase flows. Classifications of multiphase flows. Basic understanding of different length scales involved – micro/nano, meso and macro. Treatment of such flows by different solution frameworks.2. Modelling and Measurement: covers both classical and state-of the-art measurement and modelling approaches to resolve different classifications of multiphase flows. 3. Applications: highlights the very latest applications of measurement and modelling approaches in tackling different classification of multiphase flows in a variety of natural, biological and industrial systems and different length scales.

The Encyclopedia of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics introduces possibly unfamiliar areas, explains important experimental and computational techniques, and describes modern endeavors. The encyclopedia quickly provides the basics, defines the scope of each subdiscipline, and indicates where to go for a more complete and detailed explanation. Particular attention has been paid to symbols and abbreviations to make this a user-friendly encyclopedia. Care has been taken to ensure that the reading level is suitable for the trained chemist or physicist. The encyclopedia is divided in three major sections: FUNDAMENTALS: the mechanics of atoms and molecules and their interactions, the macroscopic and statistical description of systems at equilibrium, and the basic ways of treating reacting systems. The contributions in this section assume a somewhat less sophisticated audience than the two subsequent sections. At least a portion of each article inevitably covers material that might also be found in a modern, undergraduate physical chemistry text. METHODS: the instrumentation and fundamental theory employed in the major spectroscopic techniques, the experimental means for characterizing materials, the instrumentation and basic theory employed in the study of chemical kinetics, and the computational techniques used to predict the static and dynamic properties of materials. APPLICATIONS: specific topics of current interest and intensive research.For the practicing physicist or chemist, this encyclopedia is the place to start when confronted with a new problem or when the techniques of an unfamiliar area might be exploited. For a graduate student in chemistry or physics, the encyclopedia gives a synopsis of the basics and an overview of the range of activities in which physical principles are applied to chemical problems. It will lead any of these groups to the salient points of a new field as rapidly as possible and gives pointers as to where to read about the topic in more detail.

Spontaneous pattern formation in nonlinear dissipative systems far from equilibrium is a paradigmatic case of emergent behaviour associated with complex systems. It is encountered in a great variety of settings, both in nature and technology, and has numerous applications ranging from nonlinear optics through solid and fluid mechanics, physical chemistry and chemical engineering to biology.This book is a first-hand account by one of the leading players in this field, which gives in-depth descriptions of analytical methods elucidating the complex evolution of nonlinear dissipative systems, and brings the reader to the forefront of current research.Since the publication of the first edition, applications of the theory of nonlinear dynamics have been substantially extended to the novel area of active systems, largely motivated by problems of biophysics and biomorphic technology. These problems typically involve media with internal orientation. This new edition incorporates a chapter discussing dynamics of liquids and soft solids with internal orientation, including special features of their instabilities and motion of topological defects, which form the background for various applications to the motion of cells, tissues, and activated soft materials. The contents of the first edition have also been substantially reworked, improving graphics, emphasizing more complex secondary instabilities, and dropping some material pertaining to dynamical systems.This book caters for graduate students and young researchers from many pertinent areas including applied mathematics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering and biophysics, as well as the seasoned scientist in search of a modern source of reference.

This handbook provides a comprehensive review of the entire field of laser micro and nano processing, including not only a detailed introduction to individual laser processing techniques but also the fundamentals of laser-matter interaction and lasers, optics, equipment, diagnostics, as well as monitoring and measurement techniques for laser processing. Consisting of 11 sections, each composed of 4 to 6 chapters written by leading experts in the relevant field. Each main part of the handbook is supervised by its own part editor(s) so that high-quality content as well as completeness are assured. The book provides essential scientific and technical information to researchers and engineers already working in the field as well as students and young scientists planning to work in the area in the future. Lasers found application in materials processing practically since their invention in 1960, and are currently used widely in manufacturing. The main driving force behind this fact is that the lasers can provide unique solutions in material processing with high quality, high efficiency, high flexibility, high resolution, versatility and low environmental load. Macro-processing based on thermal process using infrared lasers such as CO2 lasers has been the mainstream in the early stages, while research and development of micro- and nano-processing are becoming increasingly more active as short wavelength and/or short pulse width lasers have been developed. In particular, recent advances in ultrafast lasers have opened up a new avenue to laser material processing due to the capabilities of ultrahigh precision micro- and nanofabrication of diverse materials. This handbook is the first book covering the basics, the state-of-the-art and important applications of the dynamic and rapidly expanding discipline of laser micro- and nanoengineering. This comprehensive source makes readers familiar with a broad spectrum of approaches to solve all relevant problems in science and technology. This handbook is the ultimate desk reference for all people working in the field.

This volume collects the edited and reviewed contribution presented in the 9th iTi Conference that took place virtually, covering fundamental and applied aspects in turbulence. In the spirit of the iTi conference, the volume is produced after the conference so that the authors had the opportunity to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the meeting.In the present book, the contributions have been structured according to the topics:I ExperimentsII Simulations and ModellingIII Data Processing and ScalingIV TheoryV Miscellaneous topics

Complex Systems lie at the heart of a variety of large-scale phenomena of great significance - global warming, ice ages, water, poverty, pandemics - and this text uses these case studies as motivations and contexts to explore complex systems and related topics of nonlinear dynamics and power-law statistics. Although detailed mathematical descriptions of these topics can be challenging, the consequences of a system being nonlinear, power-law, or complex are in fact quite accessible. This book blends a tutorial approach to the mathematical aspects of complex systems together with a complementary narrative on the global/ecological/societal implications of such systems. Nearly all engineering undergraduate courses focus on mathematics and systems which are small scale, linear, and Gaussian. Unfortunately there is not a single large-scale ecological or social phenomenon that is scalar, linear, and Gaussian. This book offers insights to better understand the large-scale problems facing the world and to realize that these cannot be solved by a single, narrow academic field or perspective. Instead, the book seeks to emphasize understanding, concepts, and ideas, in a way that is mathematically rigorous, so that the concepts do not feel vague, but not so technical that the mathematics get in the way. The book is intended for students in technical domains such as engineering, computer science, physics, mathematics, and environmental studies. This second edition adds nine new examples, over 30 additional problems, 50 additional figures, and three new chapters offering a detailed study of system decoupling, extensive solutions to chapter problems, and a timely discussion on the complex systems challenges associated with COVID-19 and pandemics in general.

The focus of this thesis are synchronization phenomena in networks and their intrinsic control through time delay, which is ubiquitous in real-world systems ranging from physics and acoustics to neuroscience and engineering. We encounter synchronization everywhere and it can be either a helpful or a detrimental mechanism. In the first part, after a survey of complex nonlinear systems and networks, we show that a seemingly simple system of two organ pipes gives birth to complex bifurcation and synchronization scenarios. Going from a 2-oscillator system to a ring of oscillators, we encounter the intriguing phenomenon of chimera states which are partial synchrony patterns with coexisting domains of synchronized and desynchronized dynamics. For more than a decade scientist have tried to solve the puzzle of this spontaneous symmetry-breaking emerging in networks of identical elements. We provide an analysis of initial conditions and extend our model by the addition of time delay and fractalconnectivities. In the second part, we investigate partial synchronization patterns in a neuronal network and explain dynamical asymmetry arising from the hemispheric structure of the human brain. A particular focus is on the novel scenario of partial relay synchronization in multiplex networks. Such networks allow for synchronization of the coherent domains of chimera states via a remote layer, whereas the incoherent domains remain desynchronized. The theoretical framework is demonstrated with different generic models.

This book is a personal account of some aspects of the emergence of modern science, mostly from the viewpoint of those branches of physics which provided the much needed paradigm shift of'more is different'that heralded the advent of complexity science as an antidote to the purely reductionist approach in fundamental physics. It is also about the humans that have helped to shape these developments, including personal reminiscences and the realization that the so-called exact sciences are inevitably also a social endeavour with all its facets. Served by the razor-sharp wit of the author, this erudite ramble is meant to be neither comprehensive nor systematic, but its generous insights will give the inquisitive academically trained mind a better understanding of what science, and physics in particular, could or should be about.

Humanoid Robotics: a Reference provides a comprehensive compilation of developments in the conceptualization, design and development of humanoid robots and related technologies. Human beings have built the environment they occupy (living spaces, instruments and vehicles) to suit two-legged systems. Building systems, especially in robotics, that are compatible with the well-established, human-based surroundings and which could naturally interact with humans is an ultimate goal for all researches and engineers. Humanoid Robots are systems (i.e. robots) which mimic human behavior. Humanoids provide a platform to study the construction of systems that behave and interact like humans. A broad range of applications ranging from daily housework to complex medical surgery, deep ocean exploration, and other potentially dangerous tasks are possible using humanoids. In addition, the study of humanoid robotics provides a platform to understand the mechanisms and offers a physical visual of how humans interact, think, and react with the surroundings and how such behaviors could be reassembled and reconstructed. Currently, the most challenging issue with bipedal humanoids is to make them balance on two legs, The purportedly simple act of finding the best balance that enables easy walking, jumping and running requires some of the most sophisticated development of robotic systems- those that will ultimately mimic fully the diversity and dexterity of human beings. Other typical human-like interactions such as complex thought and conversations on the other hand, also pose barriers for the development of humanoids because we are yet to understand fully the way in which we humans interact with our environment and consequently to replicate this in humanoids.

This text is a short yet complete course on nonlinear dynamics of deterministic systems. Conceived as a modular set of 15 concise lectures it reflects the many years of teaching experience by the authors. The lectures treat in turn the fundamental aspects of the theory of dynamical systems, aspects of stability and bifurcations, the theory of deterministic chaos and attractor dimensions, as well as the elements of the theory of Poincare recurrences.Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the generation of periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic self-sustained oscillations and to the issue of synchronization in such systems. This book is aimed at graduate students and non-specialist researchers with a background in physics, applied mathematics and engineering wishing to enter this exciting field of research.

This thesis deals with the dynamics of state-of-the-art nanophotonic semiconductor structures, providing essential information on fundamental aspects of nonlinear dynamical systems on the one hand, and technological applications in modern telecommunication on the other. Three different complex laser structures are considered in detail: (i) a quantum-dot-based semiconductor laser under optical injection from a master laser, (ii) a quantum-dot laser with optical feedback from an external resonator, and (iii) a passively mode-locked quantum-well semiconductor laser with saturable absorber under optical feedback from an external resonator. Using a broad spectrum of methods, both numerical and analytical, this work achieves new fundamental insights into the interplay of microscopically based nonlinear laser dynamics and optical perturbations by delayed feedback and injection.

The workshop'Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation-4'was held at the Uni­ versity ofTwente, July 18-20, 2001. DLES4is part of a series ofERCOFfAC workshops that originated at the University of Surrey in 1994. Over the years the DLES-series has grown into a major international venue focused on the development and application of direct and large-eddy simulation. Fundamental turbulence - and modeling issues but also elements from modem numerical analysis are at the heart of this field of interest, a fact which is clearly reflected by the contents of these proceedings. Modeling and simulation of complex flow phenomena forms a central ele­ ment in a large volume of scientific - and applied research. The problem of simulating turbulent flows and capturing their main dynamical features remains a highly motivating challenge. This three-day workshop focused on recent de­ velopments in numerical and physical modeling of complex flow phenomena concentrating on modem strategies in the field of direct and large-eddy simula­ tion. A major aim was to promote the exchange of ideas and problems from both industrial and academic background paying attention to physical, mathematical and engineering aspects.

The first edition of this book, published in 1994, began with the statement that the new science of complexity would characterize the scientific develop­ ment of the 21st century. In the first decade of this century, this prediction has been confirmed by overwhelming new empirical results and theoretical insights the of physical and biological sciences, cognitive and computer sci­ ences, and social and economic sciences. Complexity and nonlinearity are still prominent features in the evolution of matter, mind, and human society. Thus, the science of complexity still aims at explanations for the emergence of order in nature and mind and in the economy and society by common principles. But a new engineering view has focused the exploration of complexity. On the one hand, we need new computational instruments to analyze com­ plex data and recognize future trends. On the other hand, the principles of complex dynamics are increasingly becoming the blueprints of gene, bio, and computer technology. Life and computer sciences are growing into a new kind of complex engineering, changing the basic conditions of human life and society. Nonlinear dynamics are implemented in nonlinear computer chips of high speed and miniaturized size, which are not only distributed in our technical equipment and environment, but also in our body and brain.

Trajectory-based formalisms are an intuitively appealing way of describing quantum processes because they allow the use of'classical'concepts. Beginning as an introductory level suitable for students, this two-volume monograph presents (1) the fundamentals and (2) the applications of the trajectory description of basic quantum processes. This second volume is focussed on simple and basic applications of quantum processes such as interference and diffraction of wave packets, tunneling, diffusion and bound-state and scattering problems. The corresponding analysis is carried out within the Bohmian framework. By stressing its interpretational aspects, the book leads the reader to an alternative and complementary way to better understand the underlying quantum dynamics.

This book presents original research results on the leading edge of physics. Each article has been carefully selected in an attempt to present substantial research results across a broad spectrum. Topics included in this compilation include the technology and application of solitons, optical lithography for the fabrication of MEMs sensors; the direct empirical basis of quantum mechanics and the modern perspective; the physical origin and basic attributes of mass, charge and spin; complex dynamics in Josephson Junction systems and chlorine radioisotopes produced in the atmosphere by the interaction of cosmic-ray slow negative muons.

Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS)• at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dis­ semination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 39 (thesis year 1994) a total of 13,953 thesis titles from 21 Canadian and 159 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this impor­ tant annual reference work. While Volume 39 reports theses submitted in 1994, on occasion, certain uni­ versities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.

The Eighth Rochester Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics was held on the campus of the University of Rochester during the period June 13-16,2001. This volume contains the proceedings of the meeting. The meeting was preceded by an affiliated conference, the International Conference on Quantum Information, with some overlapping sessions on June 13. The proceedings of the affiliated conference will be published separately by the Optical Society of America. A few papers that were presented in common plenary sessions of the two conferences will be published in both proceedings volumes. More than 268 scientists from 28 countries participated in the week long discussions and presentations. This Conference differed from the previous seven in the CQO series in several ways, the most important of which was the absence of Leonard Mandel. Professor Mandel died a few months before the conference. A special memorial symposium in his honor was held at the end of the conference. The presentations from that symposium are included in this proceedings volume. An innovation, that we believe made an important contribution to the conference, was the inclusion of a series of invited lectures chaired by CQO founder Emil Wolf, reviewing the history of the fields of coherence and quantum optics before about 1970. These were given by three prominent participants in the development of the field, C. Cohen-Tannoudji, 1. F. Clauser, and R. I. Glauber.

Nonlinear complex open systems show great diversity in the process of self-organization, and that diversity increases as complexity increases. The measurement of complexity and the origins of the diversity of such complex systems are the focus of interdisciplinary studies extending across a wide range of scientific disciplines that include applied mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, ecology, sociology, and economics. Previous investigations have concentrated either on complexity or on diversity, but not both. This volume makes clear the relation between complexity and diversity with examples drawn from various disciplines. Compiles here are presentations from the Complexity and Diversity workshop held in Fugue, Japan, in August 1996. The contributions are the results of research in mathematical systems, physical systems, living systems, and social systems, and are contained in the four corresponding sections of the book. Mathematical expressions for the theory of complexity as a fundamental method along with realistic examples for application of systematic methods provide the reader with ready access to the latest topics in complex systems.

The impact of Benard's discovery on 20th century physics is crucial to any modern research area such as fluid dynamics, nonlinear dynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, just to name a few. This centenary review shows the broad scope and development including modern applications, edited and written by experts in the field.

The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.

The use of quantum chemistry for the quantitative prediction of molecular properties has long been frustrated by the technical difficulty of carrying out the needed computations. In the last decade there have been substantial advances in the formalism and computer hardware needed to carry out accurate calculations of molecular properties efficiently. These advances have been sufficient to make quantum chemical calculations a reliable tool for the quantitative interpretation of chemical phenomena and a guide to laboratory experiments. However, the success of these recent developments in computational quantum chemistry is not well known outside the community of practitioners. In order to make the larger community of chemical physicists aware of the current state of the subject, this self-contained volume of Advances in Chemical Physics surveys a number of the recent accomplishments in computational quantum chemistry. This stand-alone work presents the cutting edge of research in computational quantum mechanics. Supplemented with more than 150 illustrations, it provides evaluations of a broad range of methods, including: • Quantum Monte Carlo methods in chemistry • Monte Carlo methods for real-time path integration • The Redfield equation in condensed-phase quantum dynamics • Path-integral centroid methods in quantum statistical mechanics and dynamics • Multiconfigurational perturbation theory-applications in electronic spectroscopy • Electronic structure calculations for molecules containing transition metals • And more Contributors to New Methods in Computational Quantum Mechanics KERSTIN ANDERSSON, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Sweden DAVID M. CEPERLEY, National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois MICHAEL A. COLLINS, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia REINHOLD EGGER, Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ANTHONY K. FELTS, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York RICHARD A. FRIESNER, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York MARKUS P. FÜLSCHER, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Sweden K. M. HO, Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa C. H. MAK, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California PER-�KE Malmqvist, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Sweden MANUELA MERCHán, Departamento de Química Física, Universitat de Valéncia, Spain LUBOS MITAS, National Center for Supercomputing Applications and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois STEFANO OSS, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Unità di Trento, Italy KRISTINE PIERLOOT, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Belgium W. THOMAS POLLARD, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York BJÖRN O. ROOS, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Sweden LUIS SERRANO-ANDRÉS, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Sweden PER E. M. SIEGBAHN, Department of Physics, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden WALTER THIEL, Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland GREGORY A. VOTH, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania C. Z. Wang, Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

an integrated approach to electron transfer phenomena This two-part stand-alone volume in the prestigious Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the most comprehensive overview of electron transfer science today. It draws on cutting-edge research from diverse areas of chemistry, physics, and biology-covering the most recent developments in the field, and pointing to important future trends. This initial volume includes: • A historical perspective spanning five decades • A review of concepts, problems, and ideas in current research • Electron transfer in isolated molecules and in clusters • General theory, including useful algorithms • Spectra and electron transfer kinetics in bridged compounds The second volume covers solvent control, ultrafast electron transfer and coherence effects, molecular electronics, electron transfer and chemistry, and biomolecules. Electron transfer science has seen tremendous progress in recent years. Technological innovations, most notably the advent of femtosecond lasers, now permit the real-time investigation of intramolecular and intermolecular electron transfer processes on a time scale of nuclear motion. New scientific information abounds, illuminating the processes of energy acquisition, storage, and disposal in large molecules, clusters, condensed phase, and biophysical systems. Electron Transfer: From Isolated Molecules to Biomolecules is the first book devoted to the exciting work being done in nonradiative electron transfer dynamics today. This two-part edited volume emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of the field, bringing together the contributions of pioneers in chemistry, physics, and biology. Both theoretical and experimental topics are featured. The authors describe modern approaches to the exploration of different systems, including supersonic beam techniques, femtosecond laser spectroscopy, chemical syntheses, and methods in genetic and chemical engineering. They examine applications in such areas as supersonic jets, solvents, electrodes, semi- conductors, respiratory and enzymatic protein systems, photosynthesis, and more. They also relate electron transfer and radiationless transitions theory to pertinent physical phenomena, and provide a conceptual framework for the different processes. Complete with over two hundred illustrations, Part One reviews developments in the field since its inception fifty years ago, and discusses electron transfer phenomena in both isolated molecules and in clusters. It outlines the general theory, exploring areas of the control of kinetics, structure-function relationships, fluctuations, coherence, and coupling to solvents with complex spectral density in different types of electron transfer processes. Timely, comprehensive, and authoritative, Electron Transfer: From Isolated Molecules to Biomolecules is an essential resource for physical chemists, molecular physicists, and researchers working in nonradiative dynamics today.

an integrated approach to electron transfer phenomena This two-part stand-alone volume in the prestigious Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the most comprehensive overview of electron transfer science today. It draws on cutting-edge research from diverse areas of chemistry, physics, and biology-covering the most recent developments in the field, and pointing to important future trends. This second volume offers the following sections: • Solvent control, including ultrafast solvation dynamics and related topics • Ultrafast electron transfer and coherence effects • Molecular electronics • Electron transfer and exciplex chemistry • Biomolecules-from electron transfer tubes to kinetics in a DNA environment Part One addresses the historical perspective, electron transfer phenomena in isolated molecules and clusters, general theory, and electron transfer kinetics in bridged compounds. Electron transfer science has seen tremendous progress in recent years. Technological innovations, most notably the advent of femtosecond lasers, now permit the real-time investigation of intramolecular and intermolecular electron transfer processes on a time scale of nuclear motion. New scientific information abounds, illuminating the processes of energy acquisition, storage, and disposal in large molecules, clusters, condensed phase, and biophysical systems. Electron Transfer: From Isolated Molecules to Biomolecules is the first book devoted to the exciting work being done in nonradiative electron transfer dynamics today. This two-part edited volume emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of the field, bringing together the contributions of pioneers in chemistry, physics, and biology. Both theoretical and experimental topics are featured. The authors describe modern approaches to the exploration of different systems, including supersonic beam techniques, femtosecond laser spectroscopy, chemical syntheses, and methods in genetic and chemical engineering. They examine applications in such areas as supersonic jets, solvents, electrodes, semi- conductors, respiratory and enzymatic protein systems, photosynthesis, and more. They also relate electron transfer and radiationless transitions theory to pertinent physical phenomena, and provide a conceptual framework for the different processes. Complete with over two hundred illustrations, Part Two opens with solvent control issues, including electron transfer reactions and ultrafast solvation dynamics. Other topics include ultrafast electron transfer and coherence effects, molecular electronics, and electron transfer in exciplex chemistry. This volume concludes with a section on biomolecules-from electron transfer tubes to experimental electron transfer and transport in DNA. Timely, comprehensive, and authoritative, Electron Transfer: From Isolated Molecules to Biomolecules is an essential resource for physical chemists, molecular physicists, and researchers working in nonradiative dynamics today.

This volume is a collection of papers presented at the Fifteenth International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena held at the Asilomar Conference Grounds, Pacifc Grove, CA, USA, from July 31 – August 4, 2006. The Ultrafast P- nomena conferences are held every two years and provide a forum for disc- sion of the latest results in ultrafast optics and their applications in science and engineering. These meetings bring together researchers spanning several felds of science and engineering to discuss and debate the latest advances in ult- fast science. This unique forum provides a conduit for the greater dissemi- tion of the latest advances using ultrashort coherent pulses of light. More than 280 papers were presented. Signifcant progress in creating ever shorter pulses of light was reported in the attosecond range, with new applications in high harmonic generation and frequency comb metrology. Multidimensional sp- troscopy is rapidly evolving to provide new insights into quantum coherence and interactions in complex systems. Improvements in time resolved electron and x-ray diffraction provide better atomic scale perspectives on structural dynamics. These examples are but a small subset of the collected works ga- ered in this volume, which provides a valuable synopsis of the recent advances and impact of ultrafast technology in illuminating fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. There were 323 attendees at the meeting, more than one third of which were graduate and postdoctoral students. Increased s- dent attendance energized the proceedings.

This volume presents the Proceedings of the Institute “New Development in Optics and Related Fields,” held in Erice, Sicily, Italy, from the 6th to the 21st of June, 2005. This meeting was organized by the International School of Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy of the “Ettore Majorana” Center for Scientific Culture. The purpose of this Institute was to provide a comprehensive and coherent treatment of the new techniques and contemporary developments in optics and related fields. Several lectures of the course addressed directly the technologies required for the detection and identification of chemical and biological threats; other lectures considered the possible applications of new techniques and materials to the detection and identification of such threats. Each lecturer developed a coherent section of the program starting at a somewhat fundamental level and ultimately reaching the frontier of knowledge in the field in a systematic and didactic fashion. The formal lectures were complemented and illustrated by additional seminars and discussions. The course was addressed to workers in spectrosco- related fields from universities, laboratories and industries. Senior scientists were encouraged to participate. The Institute provided the participants with an opportunity to present their research work in the form of short seminars or posters. The secretary of the course was Ottavio Forte.

In 2003 the XIV International Congress on Mathematical Physics (ICMP) was held in Lisbon with more than 500 participants. Twelve plenary talks were given in various fields of Mathematical Physics: E Carlen «On the relation between the Master equation and the Boltzmann Equation in Kinetic Theory»; A Chenciner «Symmetries and “simple” solutions of the classical n-body problem»; M J Esteban «Relativistic models in atomic and molecular physics»; K Fredenhagen «Locally covariant quantum field theory»; K Gawedzki «Simple models of turbulent transport»; I Krichever «Algebraic versus Liouville integrability of the soliton systems»; R V Moody «Long-range order and diffraction in mathematical quasicrystals»; S Smirnov «Critical percolation and conformal invariance»; J P Solovej «The energy of charged matter»; V Schomerus «Strings through the microscope»; C Villani «Entropy production and convergence to equilibrium for the Boltzmann equation»; D Voiculescu «Aspects of free probability».The book collects as well carefully selected invited Session Talks in: Dynamical Systems, Integrable Systems and Random Matrix Theory, Condensed Matter Physics, Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Quantum Field Theory, Operator Algebras and Quantum Information, String and M Theory, Fluid Dynamics and Nonlinear PDE, General Relativity, Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics and Spectral Theory, Path Integrals and Stochastic Analysis.

These proceedings document the various papers delivered and partially presented at the International Conference “From experimental evidence towards numerical modeling of unsaturated soils,” which was held in Weimar (Germany) during 18-19 September 2003. The conference was organized under the auspices of the International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) and the National German G- technical Society (DGGT). The need to understand the behavior of unsaturated soils is becoming exclusively - sential for the geotechnical engineers and designers. In the last three decades many - searchers have made significant contribution to the understanding of the unsaturated soil mechanics. Nevertheless, application of the subject to variety of new problems still - quires our attention. This International conference is a mere attempt to unite researchers and engineers in geotechnical engineering and to discuss about the problems associated with the unsaturated soils. Doing so the objectives of these lecture notes are as follows: - to promote unsaturated soil mechanics for practical application, - to exchange experiences in experimental unsaturated soil mechanics and numerical modeling, - to discuss application of unsaturated soil mechanics to variety of problems. In other words, we could also name these two volumes as “From theory to daily pr- tice”. I would like to extend my deep sense of appreciation as the editor and the Head of the organizing committee, to many persons who have contributed either directly or indirectly to organize the International conference and to finalize these proceedings.

In the thirty-seven years that have gone by since the first volume of Progress in Optics was published, optics has become one of the most dynamic fields of science. At the time of inception of this series, the first lasers were only just becoming operational, holography was in its infancy, subjects such as fiber optics, integrated optics and optoelectronics did not exist and quantum optics was the domain of only a few physicists. The term photonics had not yet been coined. Today these fields are flourishing and have become areas of specialisation for many science and engineering students and numerous research workers and engineers throughout the world. Some of the advances in these fields have been recognized by awarding Nobel prizes to seven physicists in the last twenty years. The volumes in this series which have appeared up to now contain nearly 190 review articles by distinguished research workers, which have become permanent records for many important developments. They have helped optical scientists and optical engineers to stay abreast of their fields. There is no sign that developments in optics are slowing down or becoming less interesting. We confidently expect that, just like their predecessors, future volumes of Progress in Optics will faithfully record the most important advances that are being made in optics and related fields.

Synchronization is a universal phenomenon that is encountered in nature, science and engineering. The book presents a broad view of modern theoretical and experimental approaches to synchronization, especially in complex and chaotic systems, and its applications in life sciences and engineering. Contributors include applied mathematicians, physicists, biologists, and specialists in communications and control theory. The study of synchronization is presented in its many aspects: basic mathematical theory, numerical simulation of complex systems, applications of methods in theoretical physics, experimental implementation, and applications in engineering and life sciences.

This book presents ten chapters on the science and engineering of durable surfaces. The first section focusses on various types of surfaces and advanced coating processes, while the second part concentrates particularly on thermal barrier coatings. The book covers both, in-depth state-of-the-art reviews as well as cutting-edge new information emerging from ongoing research:

The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.

Solid State Phnenomena Vols. 3-4

Proceedings of the International Meeting on Reactive Phase Formation at Interfaces and Diffusion Processesheld in Aussois, France, May 1993

Proceedings of the 5th Conference and Exhibition of the European Ceramic Society (ECERS V), Versailles, France, June 1997

This book is the second in a series of scientific textbooks designed to cover advances in selected research fields from a basic and general viewpoint, so that only limited knowledge is required to understand the significance of recent developments. Further assistance for the non-specialist is provided by the summary of abstracts in Part 2, which includes many of the major papers published in the research field. Crystal Growth of Semiconductor Materials has been the subject of numerous books and reviews and the fundamental principles are now well-established. We are concerned chiefly with the deposition of atoms onto a suitable surface - crystal growth - and the generation of faults in the atomic structure during growth and subsequent cooling to room temperature - crystal defect structure. In this book I have attempted to show that whilst the fundamentals of these processes are relatively simple, the complexities of the interactions involved and the individuality of different materials systems and growth processes have ensured that experimentally verifiable predictions from scientific principles have met with only limited success - good crystal growth remains an art. However, recent advances, which include the reduction of growth temperatures, the reduction or elimination of reactant transport variables and the use of better-controlled energy sources to promote specific reactions, are leading to simplified growth systems.