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I.E. Tamm is one of the great figures of 20th century physics and the mentor of the late A.D. Sakharov. Together with I.M. Frank, he received the Nobel Prize in 1958 for the explanation of the Cherenkov effect. This book contains a commented selection of his most important contributions to the physical literature and essays on his contemporaries - Mandelstam, Einstein, Landau, and Bohr - as well as his contributions to Pugwash conferences. About a third of the selections originally appeared in Russian and are, to our knowledge, for the first time now available to Western readers. This volume includes a preface by Sir Rudolf Peierls, a biography compiled by Tamm's former students, V.Ya. Frenkel and B.M. Bolotovskii, and a complete bibliography.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 8th International Conference on Materials Science and Smart Materials (MSSM 2022)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 8th International Conference on Materials Science and Smart Materials (MSSM 2022), July 11-13, 2022, London, United Kingdom

This is the first of three volumes which together contain the complete range of Lord Rutherford's scientific papers, incorporating in addition addresses, general lectures, letters to editors, accounts of his scientific work and personal recollections by friends and colleagues. Volume one, first published in 1962, includes early papers written in New Zealand, at the Cavendish Laboratory and during the Montreal period (1894-1906), as well as an introduction to Rutherford's early work by Sir Edward Appleton, and some reminiscences of his time in Canada by Professors H.L. Bronson and Otto Hahn. In each volume can be found photographs of Rutherford and his collaborators, multiple graphs, tables, diagrams and charts, and also pictures of the original apparatus which is of historic interest.

Professor Chen Ning Yang, an eminent contemporary physicist, was Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, from 1955 to 1966, and Albert Einstein Professor of Physics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook until his retirement in 1999. He has been Distinguished Professor-at-Large at the Chinese University of Hong Kong since 1986 and Professor at Tsinghua University, Beijing, since 1998.Since receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1948, Prof Yang has made great impacts in both abstract theory and phenomenological analysis in modern physics. In 1983, he published “Selected Papers (1945-1980), With Commentary”. It has been considered by Freeman Dyson as one of his favorite books. The present book is a sequel to that earlier volume. It is a collection of his personally selected papers (1971-2012) supplemented by his insightful commentaries. Its contents reflect Professor Yang's changing interests after he reached age sixty. It also includes commentaries written by him in 2011 when he is 89 years old.The papers and commentaries in this unique collection comprise a remarkable personal and professional chronicle, shedding light on both the intellectual development of a great physicist and on the nature of scientific inquiry.

The decision to undertake this volume was made in 1971 at Lake Como during the Varenna summer school ofthe Italian Physical Society, where Professor Leon Rosenfeld was lecturing on the history of quantum theory. We had long been struck by the unique blend of epistemological, histori­ cal and social concerns in his work on the foundations and development of physics, and decided to approach him there with the idea of publishing a collection of his papers. He responded enthusiastically, and agreed to help us select the papers; furthermore, he also agreed to write a lengthy introduction and to comment separately on those papers that he felt needed critical re-evaluation in the light of his current views. For he was still vigorously engaged in both theoretical investigations of, and critical not reflections on the foundations of theoretical physics. We certainly did conceive of the volume as a memorial to a'living saint', but rather more practically, as a useful tool to place in the hands of fellow workers and students engaged in wrestling with these difficult problems. All too sadly, fate has added a memorial aspect to our labors. We agreed that in order to make this book most useful for the con­ temporary community of physicists and philosophers, we should trans­ late all non-English items into English.

E.U. Condon's major contributions were in atomic and molecular physics and spectroscopy; his book with G.H. Shortley on The Theory of Atomic Spectra dominated the field of spectroscopy for half a century and remains an invaluable reference. He also played an important role in the institutions of American science. He served for many years as the editor of Reviews of Modern Physics, and with Hugh Odishaw he edited the still widely used Handbook of Physics. After World War II, Condon became director of the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST), and helped to make it one of the premier research laboratories in the physical sciences in the world. The Selected Scientific Papers reprint many of the most important contributions Condon made to atomic physics, quantum theory, nuclear physics, condensed-matter physics and other fields. The Selected Popular Writings contain articles he wrote on technical topics for such journals as The American Journal of Physics, Science, and Nature, as well as reflections on education, UFO's, and other topics.

Theoretical physicists allover the world are acquainted with Lande's celebrated computation of the g factor or splitting factor or, more precisely, the magne­ togyric factor. The so-called anomalous Zeeman effect had intrigued, if not vexed, some of the most distinguished physicists of that time, such as Bohr, Sommerfeld, Pauli, and others. Lande realized that this recalcitrant effect was inseparable from the multiplet line structure - a breakthrough in understanding which he achieved in 1922 at the age of thirty four. It was in the same year that Lande discovered the interval rule for the separation of multiplet sublevels, a significant result that holds in all cases of Russell-Saunders coupling and renders comparatively easy the empirical analysis of spectral multiplets. In the twenties, Lande succeeded in constructing some original concepts of axiomatic thermodynamics by employing Caratheodory's somewhat esoteric approach as his guiding concept. Published in the Handbuch der Physik, his comprehensive treatise, evincing several novel ideas, has become a classic. Lande, Sommerfeld's student though never a true disciple, published two monographs on quantum mechanics that are remarkable for their content and exposition. In this connection it may be apposite to stress that Lande had sub­ scribed for many years to the (infelicitously named) Copenhagen interpretation.

A remarkable personal and professional chronicle by one of today's leading physicists, this is a collection of Chen Ning Yang's personally selected papers supplemented by his insightful commentaries. Including previously unpublished or hard-to-find works, this volume contains Yang's important papers on statistical physics, nuclear forces, and particle physics. Among them are his seminal work with T D Lee on the nonconservation of parity, for which they won the Nobel Prize, and his work with R L Mills, which led to modern gauge theories with their exciting prospects for the broad unification of field theories.The commentaries were written especially for this volume and provide a fascinating account of Yang's development as a physicist as well as a look at many important physicists of the 20th century. They trace the development of Yang's interests and ideas from his graduate school days to the present, showing how he worked with his colleagues and how their physics came into being.Together, the papers and commentaries in this unique collection comprise a powerful personal statement, shedding light on both the intellectual development of a great physicist and on the nature of scientific inquiry.

One of the greatest theoretical physicists of the 19th century, James Clerk Maxwell is best known for his studies of the electromagnetic field. The 101 scientific papers of this two-volume set, arranged chronologically, testify to Maxwell's profound scientific legacy and include the preliminary explorations that culminated in his most famous work, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. One of the nineteenth century's most significant papers,'A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field,'appears here, along with similarly influential expositions of Maxwell's dynamical theory of gases. The author's extensive range of interests is well represented, from his discussions of color blindness and the composition of Saturn's rings to his essays on geometrical optics, ether, and protecting buildings from lightning. His less technical writings are featured as well, including items written for the Encyclopedia Britannica and Nature magazine, book reviews, and popular lectures. Striking in their originality, these papers offer a wealth of stimulating and inspiring reading to modern students of mathematics and physics.

This invaluable book is a selection of papers by theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate J Robert Schrieffer. In addition to his Nobel Prize-winning work in superconductivity, Prof Schrieffer has made significant contributions to a wide variety of topics in condensed matter physics. These include the theory of soliton excitations in polyacetylene (a clear example of spin-charge separation in a condensed matter system), paramagnon theory, magnetic impurities, the physics of surfaces, high-Tc superconductivity, and the fractional quantum Hall effect.The papers are reviewed and placed in context by leading experts. The guest contributors are A Alexandrov (on electrons and phonons), T Einstein (on surfaces,) S Kivelson (on quantum Hall effect), D Scalapino (on the BCS theory of superconductivity), F Wilczek (on solitons and fractional quantum numbers), J W Wilkins (on magnetic impurities) and S C Zhang (on high-Tc superconductivity).

These scientific papers of Richard Feynman are renowned for their brilliant content and the author's striking original style. They are grouped by topic: path integral approach to the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, renormalized quantum electrodynamics, theory of superfluid liquid helium, theory of the Fermi interaction, polarons, gravitation, partons, computer theory, etc. Comments on Feynman's topics are provided by the editor, together with biographical notes and a complete bibliography of Feynman's publications.

C N Yang is a towering figure of science who has significantly extended human understanding of nature, headed one of the foremost research institutes in physics for three decades, and made great contributions to the advances of Chinese physics. This Festschrift in honor of Professor Yang on his centenary birthday consists of two volumes: Volume A consists of general essays concerning Professor Yang the person, as well as the authors'impressions and reminiscences of him, which are mainly (but not exclusively) in Chinese. This volume, that is Volume B, consists of over thirty scientific papers in English on subjects broadly related to his work and contributed by two different groups: Professor Yang's colleagues, friends, and former students; and graduates from the Tsinghua University Physics Department or Institute for Advanced Study, who have come under the influence of Professor Yang and are now established in their own careers; review papers presented at a Symposium held in his honor in 2021 are also included. It is hoped that this Festschrift can serve as a fit tribute to Professor Yang's lifelong achievements, and also increase public awareness of the many different sides of this giant — his life, his personality, his work, his influence, as well as what he strives for.

Eugene Wigner is one of the few giants of 20th-century physics. His early work helped to shape quantum mechanics, he laid the foundations of nuclear physics and nuclear engineering, and he contributed significantly to solid-state physics. His philosophical and political writings are widely known. All his works will be reprinted in Eugene Paul Wigner's Collected Workstogether with descriptive annotations by outstanding scientists. The present volume begins with a short biographical sketch followed by Wigner's papers on group theory, an extremely powerful tool he created for theoretical quantum physics. They are presented in two parts. The first, annotated by B. Judd, covers applications to atomic and molecular spectra, term structure, time reversal and spin. In the second, G. Mackey introduces to the reader the mathematical papers, many of which are outstanding contributions to the theory of unitary representations of groups, including the famous paper on the Lorentz group.

This volume includes revised and extended versions of selected papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, during the period of July 10 to 13, 2000. The papers describe instrumentation developments for Velocity, Scalar and Multi-Phase Flows and results of measurements of Turbulent Flows, and Combustion and Engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing and healthy interest in the development of understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation. The prime objective of the Tenth Symposium was to provide a forum for the presentation of the most advanced research on laser techniques for flow measurements, and communicate significant results to fluid mechanics. The application of laser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser methods were also considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research. Attention was placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the measurement of velocity and scalars, such as particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence.

Born in 1905, Ernst C. G. Stueckelberg was professor of theoretical physics at the Universities of Geneva and Lausanne in the years 1930-1970. He was one of the most eminent Swiss physicists of the 20th century. His breakthroughs, from his causal S-matrix to the renormalization group, have influenced the development of contemporary theoretical physics. The book presents a selection of his most important scientific papers. They are preceded with a series of introductory essays, contributed by scientists and historians, specialists of Stueckelberg's achievements and time. These essays deal with the scientific context and the issues of the various topics that Stueckelberg tackled in his scientific career and serve as an enlightening complement to the reprinted papers. The volume also contains Stueckelberg's concise biography and an exhaustive list of his publications. It ambitions to provide an authoritative source gathering in a single place all the material needed to assessthe scientific achievements of one of the most important, albeit somehow overlooked, scientists of 20th century.

The present book contains papers that have been selected from contributions to the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows which was held from the 18th to 20th April 1977 at The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. Attend­ ees from close to 20 countries presented over 100 contributions at this meeting in which many aspects of the current activities in turbulence research were covered. Five topics received particular attention at the Symposium: Free Flows Wall Flows Recirculating Flows Developments in Reynolds Stress Closures New Directions in Modeling This is also reflected in the five chapters of this book with contributions from research workers from different countries. Each chapter covers the most valuable contributions of the conference to the particular chapter topic. Of course, there were many additional good con­ tributions to each subject at the meeting but the limitation imposed on the length of this volume required that a selection be made. The realization of the First International Symposium on Turbulent Shear Flows was p- sible by the general support of: U. S. Army Research Office U. S. Navy Research Office Continuing Education Center of The Pennsylvania State University The conference organization was carried out by the organizing committee consisting of: F. Durst, Universitat Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Fed. Rep. of Germany V. W. Goldschmidt, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., USA B. E. Launder, University of California, Davis, Calif., USA F. W. Schmidt, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Penna.

In this concern, neutrosophic logics and neutrosophy in general, established by Prof. Smarandache, is one of the promising research instruments, which could be successfully applied by a theoretical physicist. Naturally, neutrosophic logics, being a part of modern logics, states that neutralities may be between any physical states, or states of space-time. In particular, this leads, sometimes, to paradoxist situations, when two opposite states are known in physics, while the neutral state between them seems absolutely impossible from a physical viewpoint! Meanwhile, when considering the theoretically possible neutralities in detail, we see that these neutral states indicate new phenomena which were just discovered by the experimentalists in the last decade, or shows a new field for further experimental studies, as for example unmatter which is a state between matter and antimatter. Research papers presented in this collection manifest only a few of many possible applications of neutrosophic logics to theoretical physics. [D. Rabounski] The “multi-space” with its multi-structure is a Theory of Everything. It can be used, for example, in the Unified Field Theory that tries to unite the gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions (in physics). [F. Smarandache]

During the period 1964-1972, Stephen L Adler wrote seminal papers on high energy neutrino processes, current algebras, soft pion theorems, sum rules, and perturbation theory anomalies that helped lay the foundations for our current standard model of elementary particle physics. These papers are reprinted here together with detailed historical commentaries describing how they evolved, their relation to other work in the field, and their connection to recent literature. Later important work by Dr Adler on a wide range of topics in fundamental theory, phenomenology, and numerical methods, and their related historical background, is also covered in the commentaries and reprints.This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the fields in which Dr Adler has worked, and for historians of science studying physics in the final third of the twentieth century, a period in which an enduring synthesis was achieved.

Not only was E.P. Wigner one of the most active creators of 20th century physics, he was also always interested in expressing his opinion in philosophical, political or sociological matters. This volume of his collected works covers a wide selection of his essays about science and society, about himself and his colleagues. Annotated by J. Mehra, this volume will become an important source of reference for historians of science, and it will be pleasant reading for every physicist interested in forming ideas in modern physics.

The papers in this volume were written by his students and colleagues to honor Sidney Leibovich, Samuel B. Eckert Professor in the Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Cornell University, in commemoration of his 60th birthday, 2 April 1999. They were presented at a symposium held at Cornell, 23 and 24 August 1999. Sid obtained his Bachelor of Science degree with honors from The California Institute of Technology in 1961, graduating first in his class. He came to Cornell to work with Geoffrey Ludford on Magnetohydrodynamics, and obtained his Ph.D. in 1965 in the Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He spent a year at University College, London as a NATO Postdoctoral Fellow, and returned to Cornell as an Assistant Professor. He has been here ever since, and is currently Director of the Sibley School. Since returning to Cornell, Sid has concentrated on rotating fluids and n- linear waves, in various combinations and applications, producing some 3.2 - pers a year with an applied-mathematical bent. In particular this interest led to both Langmuir circulation and vortex breakdown, two areas in which Sid has had enormous influence, and both, of course, examples of rotating fluids interacting with waves. It was impossible to work in this area without being distracted by the study of the nonlinear dispersive and dissipative waves themselves, and Sid has made substantial contributions in this area.

Erhard Scheibe is one of the most outstanding German philosophers of science. He has written extensively on all the problems that confront the philosophy of mathematics and physics: rationalism versus empiricism, the laws of nature, and reductionism. He has published books on the logical foundations of quantum mechanics and on the reduction of physical theories. Little of his work has been translated into English. This collection of 38 essays is intended to remedy this omission and to help to make Erhard Scheibe's philosophical ideas better known to an international audience.

This unique volume contains a selection of more than 80 of Yuval Ne'eman's papers, which represent his huge contribution to a large number of aspects of theoretical physics. The works span more than four decades, from unitary symmetry and quarks to questions of complexity in biological systems and evolution of scientific theories.In keeping with the major role Ne'eman has played in theoretical physics over the last 40 years, a collaboration of very distinguished scientists enthusiastically took part in this volume. Their commentary supplies a clear framework and background for appreciating Yuval Ne'eman's significant discoveries and pioneering contributions.

Julian Schwinger (1918-1994) was one of the giants of 20th Century science. He contributed to a broad range of topics in theoretical physics, ranging from classical electrodynamics to quantum mechanics, from nuclear physics through quantum electrodynamics to the general theory of quantum fields. Although his mathematical prowess was legendary, he was fundamentally a phenomenologist. He received many awards, including the first Einstein Prize in 1951, and the Nobel Prize in 1965, which he shared with Richard Feynman and Sin-itiro Tomonaga for the self-consistent formulation of quantum electrodynamics into a practical theory. His more than 70 doctoral students have played a decisive role in the development of science in the second half of this century.This important volume includes many of Schwinger's most important papers, on the above and other topics, such as the theory of angular momentum and the theory of many-body systems. The papers collected here continue to underlie much of the work done by theoretical physicists today.

A rich variety of real-life physical problems which are still poorly understood are of a nonlinear nature. Examples include turbulence, granular flows, detonations and flame propagation, fracture dynamics, and a wealth of new biological and chemical phenomena which are being discovered. Particularly interesting among the manifestations of nonlinearity are coherent structures. This book contains reviews and contributions reporting on the state of the art regarding the role of coherent structures and patterns in nonlinear science.

Collected Papers of P. L. Kapitza, Volume III contains the scientific research papers, lectures, biographical accounts, and historical, philosophical, and sociological discussions of P. L. Kapitza. The book is a compilation of various papers written and delivered by P. L. Kapitza that covers a wide range of topics. Research on strong magnetic fields; research work on helium, which won him the Stalin Prize; a brief account of the cod-liver-oil industry; and discussions on magnetic investigations and experiments on stereoscopic films are just some of the scientific papers presented. The compendium also contains several biographical papers on Newton, Benjamin Franklin and the Russian poet and scientist, Lomonosov; and non-scientific papers such as the banning of nuclear weapons, a discussion he had with Bertrand Russell; and papers that deal with some aspects of the best way to organize science. Scientists, biographers, philosophers, historians, and students in the field of science will find this book an interesting read.

Collected Papers of P. L. Kapitza brings together the collected papers of Soviet physicist P. L. Kapitza in areas such as the viscosity of liquid helium below the?-point; the Zeeman and Paschen-Back effects in strong magnetic fields; the influence of friction forces on the stability of high-speed rotors; heat transfer in helium II; and the formation of sea waves by the wind. Kapitza's other papers explore heat transfer in a two-dimensional turbulent flow; dynamical stability of a pendulum when its point of suspension vibrates; and the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication in the presence of rolling. This volume is comprised of 25 chapters and begins with an analysis of Kapitza's research on the viscosity of liquid helium below the?-point, followed by his studies on the Zeeman and Paschen-Back effects in strong magnetic fields; liquefaction of air at low pressures; heat transfer and superfluidity in helium II; and the flow of thin viscous fluid layers under the action of a constant volume force, taking into account the surface tension. A pendulum with a vibrating suspension is also described, along with heat conductivity and diffusion in liquid medium under periodic flow conditions; the nature of ball-lightning; and symmetric electric oscillations of a perfectly conducting hollow cylinder of finite length. This book will be helpful to physicists and physics students.