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The thrill of discovery and the excitement of innovation mean that research is often immensely satisfying. But beyond the personal satisfaction, the goal of research is to improve the lives of people everywhere by driving revolutionary advances in healthcare, education, business, and government. This guidebook's strategies will help you shape your research and energize your campus so as to achieve the Twin Win: a breakthrough theory that's published and a validated solution that's ready for dissemination. The action-oriented paths in this guidebook resemble a backpacker's guide to hiking. It suggests paths and gives you enough information to get started, while providing enough flexibility to take side treks and enough confidence to find your own way. Short-term projects include inviting speakers to campus, choosing appropriate research projects, and developing networking skills. Middle-term include seeking funding from government agencies and philanthropic foundations, sharpening your writing and speaking skills, and promoting teamwork in research groups. Long-term missions include changing tenure policies, expanding collaboration with business and civic partners, and encouraging programs that combine theory and practice.

FOREWORD This book came about as a result of two events: an exhibition on the Solvay Physics Councils, held in Brussels in May 1995, and a conference on the same theme which took place at the Free University of Brussels (ULB) on May 1Oth 1995. A book was published in French in conjunction with the exhibition, and much of the present publication is taken from that book. In addition, we have included some of the papers presented at the conference, as we believe they add a further dimension to the history of the Councils. The French term, Conseil Solvay, is usually translated into English as Solvay Conference or Congress. We have elected to retain the particular connotations of the French word Conseil by translating it instead as Council. The Councils were, after all, no ordinary conferences. Only a limited number of participants was invited, hand picked by a scientific committee, who for five to six days took an active part in the sessions and the long discussions that followed. Each day, one or two physicists would present a paper on a subject that had been chosen by the committee to fit in with the overall theme of the Council. The word Conseil expressly implies the gathering of an elite to engage in debate.

The twentieth century is the period during which the history of Greek mathematics reached its greatest acme. Indeed, it is by no means exaggerated to say that Greek mathematics represents the unique field from the wider domain of the general history of science which was included in the research agenda of so many and so distinguished scholars, from so varied scientific communities (historians of science, historians of philosophy, mathematicians, philologists, philosophers of science, archeologists etc.), while new scholarship of the highest quality continues to be produced. This volume includes 19 classic papers on the history of Greek mathematics that were published during the entire 20th century and affected significantly the state of the art of this field. It is divided into six self-contained sections, each one with its own editor, who had the responsibility for the selection of the papers that are republished in the section, and who wrote the introduction of the section. It constitutes a kind of a Reader book which is today, one century after the first publications of Tannery, Zeuthen, Heath and the other outstanding figures of the end of the 19th and the beg- ning of 20th century, rather timely in many respects.

person to prepare illustration copy at a pre-professional level-copy that is, however, often usable for routine purposes-and/or to communicate better with graphics spe­ cialists who will prepare the final illustrations. The skills necessary to take the final step of producing finished camera-ready illustrations are, unfortunately, based very much on actual hands-on experience and are thus beyond the ability of this or any other book to instill satisfactory competence in. Illustrations should also prove to be a highly useful reference work for professional illustrators. The wide variety of train­ ing and work experiences by which they have acquired their skills may not have provided full acquaintance with all of the exceptionally diverse kinds of information to be found here. There are, moreover, few disciplines whose practition­ ers cannot profit from an invigorating refresher course. After nearly seven years of work, then, I am pleased to put forward a book with many answers pertaining to the proper selection and preparation of informational illustrations. All such questions and their actual solutions, however, must re­ main up to you, the inquiring and attentive reader.

Cooperation is pervasive throughout nature, but its origin remains an open question. For decades, social scientists, business leaders, and economists have struggled with an important question: why is cooperation so ubiquitous among unrelated humans? The answers would have profound effects because anything that promotes cooperation leads to more productive work environments and benefits society at large. Game theory provides an ideal framework for studying social dilemmas, or those situations in which people decide whether to cooperate with others (benefitting the group) or defect by prioritizing their self-interest (benefitting only the individual). The social dilemma is formulated as a mathematical game and then programmed into a computer model. Simulating the game allows researchers to investigate potential theories to explain how cooperation emerges and what promotes its persistence. Over the past 25 years, countless papers on social dilemma games have been published, yet arguably little progress has been made. The problem is the social dilemma game models are unrealistic in the sense they contain artificial constructs that deviate from the way humans act. This book describes the shortcomings in current social dilemma game modeling techniques and provides guidance on designing more effective models. A basic introduction to game theory is provided with an emphasis on the prisoner's dilemma, the most widely studied social dilemma game. Individual chapters are provided detailing the shortcomings of weak selection, spatial games, and the Moran process. Computer model validation is also discussed at length. The recommendations found in this book should help design more realistic social dilemma game models likely to produce a better understanding of human cooperation.

This book will give you a practical overview of several methods and approaches for designing mobile technologies and conducting mobile user research, including how to understand behavior and evaluate how such technologies are being (or may be) used out in the world. Each chapter includes case studies from our own work and highlights advantages, limitations, and very practical steps that should be taken to increase the validity of the studies you conduct and the data you collect. This book is intended as a practical guide for conducting mobile research focused on the user and their experience. We hope that the depth and breadth of case studies presented, as well as specific best practices, will help you to design the best technologies possible and choose appropriate methods to gather ethical, reliable, and generalizable data to explore the use of mobile technologies out in the world.

This proceedings volume gathers a selection of outstanding research papers presented at the third Conference on Isogeometric Analysis and Applications, held in Delft, The Netherlands, in April 2018. This conference series, previously held in Linz, Austria, in 2012 and Annweiler am Trifels, Germany, in 2014, has created an international forum for interaction between scientists and practitioners working in this rapidly developing field. Isogeometric analysis is a groundbreaking computational approach that aims to bridge the gap between numerical analysis and computational geometry modeling by integrating the finite element method and related numerical simulation techniques into the computer-aided design workflow, and vice versa. The methodology has matured over the last decade both in terms of our theoretical understanding, its mathematical foundation and the robustness and efficiency of its practical implementations. This development has enabled scientists andpractitioners to tackle challenging new applications at the frontiers of research in science and engineering and attracted early adopters for this his novel computer-aided design and engineering technology in industry. The IGAA 2018 conference brought together experts on isogeometric analysis theory and application, share their insights into challenging industrial applications and to discuss the latest developments as well as the directions of future research and development that are required to make isogeometric analysis an established mainstream technology.

A flexagon is a motion structure that has the appearance of a ring of hinged polygons. It can be flexed to display different pairs of faces, usually in cyclic order. Flexagons can be appreciated as toys or puzzles, as a recreational mathematics topic, and as the subject of serious mathematical study. Workable paper models of flexagons are easy to make and entertaining to manipulate. The mathematics of flexagons is complex, and how a flexagon works is not immediately obvious on examination of a paper model. Recent geometric analysis, included in the book, has improved theoretical understanding of flexagons, especially relationships between different types. This profusely illustrated book is arranged in a logical order appropriate for a textbook on the geometry of flexagons. It is written so that it can be enjoyed at both the recreational mathematics level, and at the serious mathematics level. The only prerequisite is some knowledge of elementary geometry, including properties of polygons. A feature of the book is a compendium of over 100 nets for making paper models of some of the more interesting flexagons, chosen to complement the text. These are accurately drawn and reproduced at half full size. Many of the nets have not previously been published. Instructions for assembling and manipulating the flexagons are included.

The papers in this volume were selected for presentation at the 16th Int- national Meshing Roundtable (IMR), held October 14–17, 2007 in Seattle, Washington, USA. The conference was started by Sandia National Labora- riesin1992asasmallmeetingoforganizationsstrivingtoestablishacommon focus for research and development in the?eld of mesh generation. Now after 16 consecutive years, the International Meshing Roundtable has become r- ognized as an international focal point annually attended by researchers and developers from dozens of countries around the world. The 16th International Meshing Roundtable consists of technical pres- tations from contributed papers, keynote and invited talks, short course p- sentations, and a poster session and competition. The Program Committee would like to express its appreciation to all who participate to make the IMR a successful and enriching experience. The papers in these proceedings were selected from among 41 submissions by the Program Committee. Based on input from peer reviews, the committee selected these papers for their perceived quality, originality, and appropria- ness to the theme of the International Meshing Roundtable. We would like to thank all who submitted papers. We would also like to thank the colleagues who provided reviews of the submitted papers. The names of the reviewers are acknowledged in the following pages. We extend special thanks to Lynn Washburn, Bernadette Watts, and Jacqueline Finley for their time and e?ort to make the 16th IMR another outstanding conference.

Evolving agents to play games is a promising technology. It can provide entertaining opponents for games like Chess or Checkers, matched to a human opponent as an alternative to the perfect and unbeatable opponents embodied by current artifical intelligences. Evolved agents also permit us to explore the strategy space of mathematical games like Prisoner's Dilemma and Rock-Paper-Scissors. This book summarizes, explores, and extends recent work showing that there are many unsuspected factors that must be controlled in order to create a plausible or useful set of agents for modeling cooperation and conflict, deal making, or other social behaviors. The book also provides a proposal for an agent training protocol that is intended as a step toward being able to train humaniform agents—in other words, agents that plausibly model human behavior.

ECMI has a brand name in Industrial Mathematics and organises successful biannual conferences. This time, the conference on Industrial Mathematics held in Eindhoven in June 2004 Mathematics focused on Aerospace, Electronic Industry, Chemical Technology, Life Sciences, Materials, Geophysics, Financial Mathematics and Water flow. The majority of the invited talks on these topics can be found in these proceedings. Apart from these lectures, a large number of contributed papers and minisymposium papers are included here. They give an interesting (and impressive) overview of the important place mathematics has achieved in solving all kinds of problems met in industry, and commerce in particular.

The book collects a selection of papers most of which are revised and enriched versions of the contributions presented at the 12th Symposium on Trends of Applications of Mathematics to Mechanics (STAMM) which was sponsored by the International Society for the Interaction between Mathematics and Mechanics (ISIMM) and held in Maiori (Salerno), Italy from September 29th to October 4th, 2002. The Symposium attracted many leading researchers from around the world who are working at the interface between Mathematics and Mechanics. The importance of a close link between these two disciplines have long been recognized and each of them get benefits and stimuli by open problems, methods and results emerging from the other one. The book collects 22 papers which contribute special investigations and more wide presentations of linear and nonlinear problems. It is with the deepest gratitude to the authors that have contributed to the volume and to the publisher, for his highly professional assistance, that the editors submit this book to the international mathematics and mechanics communities.

This open access two-volume set LNCS 13371 and 13372 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, CAV 2022, which was held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 40 full papers presented together with 9 tool papers and 2 case studies were carefully reviewed and selected from 209 submissions. The papers were organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Invited papers; formal methods for probabilistic programs; formal methods for neural networks; software Verification and model checking; hyperproperties and security; formal methods for hardware, cyber-physical, and hybrid systems. Part II: Probabilistic techniques; automata and logic; deductive verification and decision procedures; machine learning; synthesis and concurrency. This is an open access book.

To paraphrase Saul Bellow, it is extremely difficult to escape from the conceptual bottles into which we have been processed, or even to become aware that we are confined within them. Anthro­ pocentrism, an ancient tradition, is an intellectual constraint that has continually impeded objective probing of the universe around and within us. We are probably born with that constriction, perhaps as a result of evolutionary selection or because each of us has been created in the image of the Deity. But it is only the core of our mental'gestalt.'Around it we find additional shells of intellectual obstruc­ tions deposited by accretion from our family, our teachers, our experi­ ences and the society in which we are immersed. It is very hazardous to embrace novel scientific ideas. Personal and social experiences show that the vast majority turn out to be failures. What standards can one use to make judgments? There is a universal tendency to rely on'common sense;'but as Einstein pointed out, this is a collection of views, sensible or not, imprinted in us before the age of sixteen. I have found it a challenge to convince young students that much of what they are certain about and, in fact, correct about, is actually contrary to common sense. For example, on any bright day, anyone who is not blind or an idiot can see the sun literally moving around the earth, from east to west.

This book focuses mainly on fractional Brownian fields and their extensions. It has been used to teach graduate students at Grenoble and Toulouse's Universities. It is as self-contained as possible and contains numerous exercises, with solutions in an appendix. After a foreword by Stéphane Jaffard, a long first chapter is devoted to classical results from stochastic fields and fractal analysis. A central notion throughout this book is self-similarity, which is dealt with in a second chapter with a particular emphasis on the celebrated Gaussian self-similar fields, called fractional Brownian fields after Mandelbrot and Van Ness's seminal paper. Fundamental properties of fractional Brownian fields are then stated and proved. The second central notion of this book is the so-called local asymptotic self-similarity (in short lass), which is a local version of self-similarity, defined in the third chapter. A lengthy study is devoted to lass fields with finite variance. Among these lass fields, we find both Gaussian fields and non-Gaussian fields, called Lévy fields. The Lévy fields can be viewed as bridges between fractional Brownian fields and stable self-similar fields. A further key issue concerns the identification of fractional parameters. This is the raison d'être of the statistics chapter, where generalized quadratic variations methods are mainly used for estimating fractional parameters. Last but not least, the simulation is addressed in the last chapter. Unlike the previous issues, the simulation of fractional fields is still an area of ongoing research. The algorithms presented in this chapter are efficient but do not claim to close the debate.

This revised and greatly expanded second edition of the classic Russian text Tales of Mathematicians and Physicists contains a wealth of new information about the lives and accomplishments of more than a dozen scientists throughout history. Included are individuals from the late nineteenth century: Klein, Poincaré, Ramanujan, and Penrose, as well as renowned figures from earlier eras, such as Leibniz, Euler, Lagrange, and Laplace. A unique mixture of mathematics, physics, and history, this volume provides biographical glimpses of scientists and their contributions in the context of the social and political background of their times. The author examines many original sources, from the scientists'research papers to their personal documents and letters to friends and family; furthermore, detailed mathematical arguments and diagrams are supplied to help explain some of the most significant discoveries in calculus, celestial mechanics, number theory, and modern relativity. What emerges are intriguing, multifaceted studies of a number of remarkable intellectuals and their scientific legacy. Written by a distinguished mathematician and accessible to readers at all levels, this book is a wonderful resource for both students and teachers and a welcome introduction to the history of science.

This is the seventh volume in the series'Mathematics in Industrial Prob­ lems.'The motivation for these volumes is to foster interaction between Industry and Mathematics at the'grass roots level;'that is, at the level of specific problems. These problems come from Industry: they arise from models developed by the industrial scientists in ventures directed at the manufacture of new or improved products. At the same time, these prob­ lems have the potential for mathematical challenge and novelty. To identify such problems, I have visited industries and had discussions with their scientists. Some of the scientists have subsequently presented their problems in the IMA Seminar on Industrial Problems. The book is based on the seminar presentations and on questions raised in subse­ quent discussions. Each chapter is devoted to one of the talks and is self­ contained. The chapters usually provide references to the mathematical literature and a list of open problems which are of interest to the industrial scientists. For some problems a partial solution is indicated briefly. The last chapter of the book contains a short description of solutions to some of the problems raised in previous volumes, as well as references to papers in which such solutions have been published. The speakers in the Seminar on Industrial Problems have given us at the IMA hours of delight and discovery. My thanks to David K. Lambert (Gen­ eral Motors Research and Development), David S.

During the past decade model predictive control (MPC), also referred to as receding horizon control or moving horizon control, has become the preferred control strategy for quite a number of industrial processes. There have been many significant advances in this area over the past years, one of the most important ones being its extension to nonlinear systems. This book gives an up-to-date assessment of the current state of the art in the new field of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). The main topic areas that appear to be of central importance for NMPC are covered, namely receding horizon control theory, modeling for NMPC, computational aspects of on-line optimization and application issues. The book consists of selected papers presented at the International Symposium on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control – Assessment and Future Directions, which took place from June 3 to 5, 1998, in Ascona, Switzerland.The book is geared towards researchers and practitioners in the area of control engineering and control theory. It is also suited for postgraduate students as the book contains several overview articles that give a tutorial introduction into the various aspects of nonlinear model predictive control, including systems theory, computations, modeling and applications.

The organizers of the 12th International Conference on Multiple Cri­ teria Decision Making (MCDM) held June 19-23, 1995 in Hagen received the second time the opportunity to prepare an international conference on MCDM in Germany; the first opportunity has been the 3rd International Conference on MCDM in Konigswinter, 1979. Quite a time ellapsed since then and therefore it might be interesting to compare some indicators of the development of the International Society on MCDM, which has been founded in Konigswinter. Stanley Zionts has been elected first president and all 44 participants of that Conference became founding members. Today our Society has over 1200 members and its own Journal (MCDM World Scan). In Hagen, 1996, we had 152 participants from 34 countries. It is interesting to mention that also other Groups established their organi­ zation, like the European Working Group on Multiple Criteria Decision Aid, the German Working Group on Decision Theory and Applications, the Multi­ Objective Programming and Goal Programming Group, ESIGMA, and some others. It is also interesting to note that the intersection of members of all these Groups and Societies is not empty and there is quite a cooperation among them.

This volume consists of papers presented at the Variational Analysis and Aerospace Engineering Workshop II held in Erice, Italy in September 2010 at the International School of Mathematics'Guido Stampacchia'. The workshop provided a platform for aerospace engineers and mathematicians (from universities, research centers and industry) to discuss the advanced problems requiring an extensive application of mathematics. The presentations were dedicated to the most advanced subjects in engineering and, in particular to computational fluid dynamics methods, introduction of new materials, optimization in aerodynamics, structural optimization, space missions, flight mechanics, control theory and optimization, variational methods and applications, etc. This book will capture the interest of researchers from both academia and industry.

This text explores the many transformations that the mathematical proof has undergone from its inception to its versatile, present-day use, considering the advent of high-speed computing machines. Though there are many truths to be discovered in this book, by the end it is clear that there is no formalized approach or standard method of discovery to date. Most of the proofs are discussed in detail with figures and equations accompanying them, allowing both the professional mathematician and those less familiar with mathematics to derive the same joy from reading this book.

This monograph, entirely devoted to “Convection in Fluids”, presents a unified rational approach of various convective phenomena in fluids (mainly considered as a thermally perfect gas or an expansible liquid), where the main driving mechanism is the buoyancy force (Archimedean thrust) or temperature-dependent surface tension in homogeneities (Marangoni effect). Also, the general mathematical formulation (for instance, in the Bénard problem - heated from below) and the effect of free surface deformation are taken into account. In the case of atmospheric thermal convection, the Coriolis force and stratification effects are also considered. This volume gives a rational and analytical analysis of the above mentioned physical effects on the basis of the full unsteady Navier-Stokes and Fourier (NS-F) equations - for a Newtonian compressible viscous and heat-conducting fluid - coupled with the associated initials (at initial time), boundary (lower-at the solid plane) and free surface (upper-in contact with ambiant air) conditions. This, obviously, is not an easy but a necessary task if we have in mind a rational modelling process, and work within a numerically coherent simulation on a high speed computer.

Special functions are pervasive in all fields of science and industry. The most well-known application areas are in physics, engineering, chemistry, computer science and statistics. Because of their importance, several books and websites (see for instance http: functions.wolfram.com) and a large collection of papers have been devoted to these functions. Of the standard work on the subject, the Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas, graphs and mathematical tables edited by Milton Abramowitz and Irene Stegun, the American National Institute of Standards claims to have sold over 700 000 copies! But so far no project has been devoted to the systematic study of continued fraction representations for these functions. This handbook is the result of such an endeavour. We emphasise that only 10% of the continued fractions contained in this book, can also be found in the Abramowitz and Stegun project or at the Wolfram website!

The idea for this book originated during the workshop “Model order reduction, coupled problems and optimization” held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden from S- tember 19–23, 2005. During one of the discussion sessions, it became clear that a book describing the state of the art in model order reduction, starting from the very basics and containing an overview of all relevant techniques, would be of great use for students, young researchers starting in the?eld, and experienced researchers. The observation that most of the theory on model order reduction is scattered over many good papers, making it dif?cult to?nd a good starting point, was supported by most of the participants. Moreover, most of the speakers at the workshop were willing to contribute to the book that is now in front of you. The goal of this book, as de?ned during the discussion sessions at the workshop, is three-fold:?rst, it should describe the basics of model order reduction. Second, both general and more specialized model order reduction techniques for linear and nonlinear systems should be covered, including the use of several related numerical techniques. Third, the use of model order reduction techniques in practical appli- tions and current research aspects should be discussed. We have organized the book according to these goals. In Part I, the rationale behind model order reduction is explained, and an overview of the most common methods is described.

Over the past half century, reverse osmosis (RO) has grown from a nascent niche technology into the most versatile and effective desalination and advanced water treatment technology available. However, there remain certain challenges for improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of RO desalination plants in various applications. In low-pressure RO applications, both capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) costs are largely influenced by product water recovery, which is typically limited by mineral scale formation. In seawater applications, recovery tends to be limited by the salinity limits on brine discharge and cost is dominated by energy demand. The combination of water scarcity and sustainability imperatives, in many locations, is driving system designs towards minimal and zero liquid discharge (M/ZLD) for inland brackish water, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and even seawater desalination. Herein, we review the basic principles of RO processes, the state-of-the-art for RO membranes, modules and system designs as well as methods for concentrating and treating brines to achieve MLD/ZLD, resource recovery and renewable energy powered desalination systems. Throughout, we provide examples of installations employing conventional and some novel approaches towards high recovery RO in a range of applications from brackish groundwater desalination to oil and gas produced water treatment and seawater desalination.

Produced water contributes to the largest volume waste stream associated with oil and gas (O&G) exploration and production (E&P) operations. It is usually a complex mixture of inorganics and organics that is formed underground and brought to the surface during O&G production. Traditionally, produced water has been considered as a waste to the O&G industry. The conventional management strategies include disposal (typically by injection into depleted wells or permitted disposal wells), recycle (direct reuse within the E&P operation), and reuse (treatment and reuse offsite for food crop irrigation, livestock watering or industrial use). The O&G industry is going through a paradigm shift, where scarcity of water, economics of water management, declining oil costs, and increasing focus on environmental and ecological stewardship are shifting the focus toward integrated water management in E&P operations. Water is no longer a problem to be delegated to a third-party disposal or treatment vendor, but is becoming a cornerstone of O&G production. In this review, we summarize produced water characteristics, regulations and management options, produced water treatment fundamentals, and a detailed discussion of process equipment and advantages/disadvantages of currently available treatment processes. These results in peer-reviewed publications could provide a guide for the selection of appropriate technologies based on the desired application. Major research efforts in the future could focus on the optimization of current technologies and use of combined treatment processes of produced water in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits, under more stringent environmental regulations.

This edited volume provides a biosemiotic analysis of the ecological relationship between food and medicine. Drawing on the origins of semiotics in medicine, this collection proposes innovative ways of considering aliments and treatments. Considering the ever-evolving character of our understanding of meaning-making in biology, and considering the keen popular interest in issues relating to food and medicines - fueled by an increasing body of interdisciplinary knowledge - the contributions here provide diverse insights and arguments into the larger ecology of organisms'engagement with and transformation through taking in matter. Bodies interpret molecules, enzymes, and alkaloids they intentionally and unintentionally come in contact with according to their pre-existing receptors. But their receptors are also changed by the experience. Once the body has identified a particular substance, it responds by initiating semiotic sequences and negotiations that fulfill vital functions for the organism at macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. Human abilities to distill and extract the living world into highly refined foods and medicines, however, have created substances far more potent than their counterparts in our historical evolution. Many of these substances also lack certain accompanying proteins, enzymes, and alkaloids that otherwise aid digestion or protect against side-effects in active extracted chemicals. Human biology has yet to catch up with human inventions such as supernormal foods and medicines that may flood receptors, overwhelming the body's normal satiation mechanisms. This volume discusses how biosemioticians can come to terms with these networks of meaning, providing a valuable and provocative compendium for semioticians, medical researchers and practitioners, sociologists, cultural theorists, bioethicists and scholars investigating the interdisciplinary questions stemming from food and medicine.

Vielleicht machst auch du dir Sorgen darüber, wohin die vielen ökologischen und sozialen Probleme führen werden, von welcher Art und Ausmaß die Konsequenzen sein können und wie diese das Leben von Menschen betreffen werden? Dann könnte dieses Buch interessant für Dich sein: Es beschreibt anhand der 17 UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele eine Vision für eine lebenswerte Zukunft. Du erfährst kurz und verständlich zu jedem der Ziele konkrete Hintergründe, Zusammenhänge und Herausforderungen, die es auf dem Weg dorthin noch zu meistern gilt. Es macht die Themen greifbar - sowohl global als auch bezogen auf Deutschland. Gleichzeitig liefert Dir das Buch Anregungen, wie Du selbst dazu beitragen kannst, die großen Probleme der Menschheit zu lösen: Klimawandel, Energie, Plastikmüll, Artenvielfalt, Umweltschutz, Hunger, Armut, etc.Zusammen können wir es schaffen, die 17 Ziele umzusetzen, indem wir sie mit konkreten Inhalten füllen. Falls uns das gelingt fragen unsere Kinder vielleicht einesTages: „Wie habt ihr damals die Erde gerettet und die Menschheit in das Zeitalter der sozialen Gerechtigkeit geführt?“

Games, whether educational or recreational, are meant to be fun. How do we ensure that the game delivers its intent? The answer to this question is playtesting. However, a haphazard playtest process cannot discover play experience from various dimensions. Players'perceptions, affordances, age, gender, culture, and many more human factors influence play experience. A playtest requires an intensive experimental process and scientific protocols to ensure that the outcomes seen are reliable for the designer. Playtesting and players'affordances are the focus of this book. This book is not just about the playtest procedures but also demonstrates how they lead to the conclusions obtained when considering data sets. The playtest process or playtest stories differ according to the hypothesis under investigation. We cover examples of playtesting to identify the impact of human factors, such as age and gender, to examine a player's preferences for game objects'design and colors. The book details topics to reflect on possible emotional outcomes of the player at the early stages of game design as well as the methodology for presenting questions to players in such a way as to elicit authentic feedback. This book is intended mainly for game designers, researchers, and developers. However, it provides a general understanding of affordances and human factors that can be informative for readers working in any domain.

Notifications provide a unique mechanism for increasing the effectiveness of real-time information delivery systems. However, notifications that demand users'attention at inopportune moments are more likely to have adverse effects and might become a cause of potential disruption rather than proving beneficial to users. In order to address these challenges a variety of intelligent notification mechanisms based on monitoring and learning users'behavior have been proposed. The goal of such mechanisms is maximizing users'receptivity to the delivered information by automatically inferring the right time and the right context for sending a certain type of information. This book presents an overview of the current state of the art in the area of intelligent notification mechanisms that rely on the awareness of users'context and preferences. We first present a survey of studies focusing on understanding and modeling users'interruptibility and receptivity to notifications from desktops and mobile devices. Then, we discuss the existing challenges and opportunities in developing mechanisms for intelligent notification systems in a variety of application scenarios.

In Naturschutzgebieten geschieht vieles, das auf den ersten Blick widersprüchlich ist. So werden beim Pflegeeinsatz Blumenwiesen abgemäht, wo doch alle dort wachsenden Pflanzen unter Naturschutz stehen. An anderer Stelle werden im Flachmoor geschützte Schilfbestände abgebrannt oder in einem Dünenschutzgebiet die oberste Bodenschicht mit Planierraupen abgetragen. Wiederum andere Flächen sollen völlig unberührt von menschlichen Eingriffen bleiben. Der Autor Klaus-Dieter Hupke zeigt die verschiedenen Strategien von Naturschutz auf. Er zeigt auch, dass Naturschutz zumeist gerade das nicht ist, was der Begriff im Kern aussagt: „Schutz der Natur“. In Mitteleuropa handelt es sich bei Naturschutzgebieten im Gegenteil überwiegend um die Relikte alter Agrar- und damit Kulturlandschaften. Oftmals stehen auch ästhetische Aspekte eines Landschaftsausschnitts bei der Ausweisung als Naturdenkmal oder Naturschutzgebiet im Vordergrund. Darüber hinaus läuft der Naturschutz Gefahr, zur Ersatzhandlung undzum Alibi für eine in Mitteleuropa wie global immer noch wachsende Zerstörung traditioneller und naturnaher Landschaftssysteme zu werden.Die aktualisierte zweite Auflage bezieht die Folgen des Klimawandels für den Naturschutz nun explizit ein und hat auch an einigen Stellen für die entsprechenden Leser einen stärkeren Bezug auf Österreich sowie auf den zentralalpinen Raum eingearbeitet.

Der Band dokumentiert ein Lebensprojekt: Für Alexander von Humboldt war die Geographie der Pflanzen empirisches Forschungsprogramm und ästhetische Anschauungswissenschaft zugleich. Seine in den amerikanischen Tropen gewonnenen biogeographischen Erkenntnisse verstand er als Grundlage einer Wissenschaft der gesamten Erde. Zahlreiche nun erstmals ediert vorliegende Manuskripte, Notizen und Briefe veranschaulichen Humboldts jahrzehntelange Arbeit an diesem Vorhaben. Sie dokumentieren Humboldts Lektüre- und Schreibpraktiken und zeigen wie er weltweit Daten sammelte sowie Forschungen und Gelehrte vernetzte. Wissenschaftshistorische Beiträge begleiten die Edition. Sie gehen Ursprüngen und Kontexten der Humboldt'schen Biogeographie nach und fragen nach weniger bekannten Vorläufern, Zeitgenossen und Kritikern.

In this book, Professor Anatoly Buchachenko gives a brief and informative description of the most striking achievements and discoveries made in the major natural sciences at the turn of the century – in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The author has a rare ability to describe scientific discoveries so that these achievements and their significance are understandable not only by professionals and scientists of all specialities, but for any reader interested in modern science, its role in the existence of mankind, and its impact on human society. Originally published in Russian, Professor Buchachenko's book describes the interaction of natural sciences with social ones—philosophy and history—as well as the part played by the human factor in the development of science, especially the role of the great scientists.

This book reviews recent advances in symbolic execution and its probabilistic variant and discusses how they can be used to ensure the safety and security of software systems. Symbolic execution is a systematic program analysis technique which explores multiple program behaviors all at once by collecting and solving symbolic constraints collected from the branching conditions in the program. The obtained solutions can be used as test inputs that execute feasible program paths. Symbolic execution has found many applications in various domains, such as security, smartphone applications, operating systems, databases, and more recently deep neural networks, uncovering subtle errors and unknown vulnerabilities. We review here the technique has also been extended to reason about algorithmic complexity and resource consumption. Furthermore, symbolic execution has been recently extended with probabilistic reasoning, allowing one to reason about quantitative properties of software systems. The approach computes the conditions to reach target program events of interest and uses model counting to quantify the fraction of the input domain satisfying these conditions thus computing the probability of event occurrence. This probabilistic information can be used for example to compute the reliability of an aircraft controller under different wind conditions (modeled probabilistically) or to quantify the leakage of sensitive data in a software system, using information theory metrics such as Shannon entropy. This book is intended for students and software engineers who are interested in advanced techniques for testing and verifying software systems.

It is easy to imagine that a future populated with an ever-increasing number of mobile and pervasive devices that record our minute goings and doings will significantly expand the amount of information that will be collected, stored, processed, and shared about us by both corporations and governments. The vast majority of this data is likely to benefit us greatly—making our lives more convenient, efficient, and safer through custom-tailored and context-aware services that anticipate what we need, where we need it, and when we need it. But beneath all this convenience, efficiency, and safety lurks the risk of losing control and awareness of what is known about us in the many different contexts of our lives. Eventually, we may find ourselves in a situation where something we said or did will be misinterpreted and held against us, even if the activities were perfectly innocuous at the time. Even more concerning, privacy implications rarely manifest as an explicit, tangible harm. Instead, most privacy harms manifest as an absence of opportunity, which may go unnoticed even though it may substantially impact our lives. In this Synthesis Lecture, we dissect and discuss the privacy implications of mobile and pervasive computing technology. For this purpose, we not only look at how mobile and pervasive computing technology affects our expectations of—and ability to enjoy—privacy, but also look at what constitutes''privacy''in the first place, and why we should care about maintaining it. We describe key characteristics of mobile and pervasive computing technology and how those characteristics lead to privacy implications. We discuss seven approaches that can help support end-user privacy in the design of mobile and pervasive computing technologies, and set forward six challenges that will need to be addressed by future research. The prime target audience of this lecture are researchers and practitioners working in mobile and pervasive computing who want to better understand and account for the nuanced privacy implications of the technologies they are creating. Those new to either mobile and pervasive computing or privacy may also benefit from reading this book to gain an overview and deeper understanding of this highly interdisciplinary and dynamic field.

This is an open access book. Lewis F Richardson (1981-1953), a physicist by training, was a pioneer in meteorology and peace research and remains a towering presence in both fields. This edited volume reviews his work and assesses its influence in the social sciences, notably his work on arms races and their consequences, mathematical models, the size distribution of wars, and geographical features of conflict. It contains brief bibliographies of his main publications and of articles and books written about Richardson and his work and discusses his continuing influence in peace research and international relations as well as his attitude to the ethical responsibilities of a scientist. It will be of interest to a wide range of scholars. This book includes 11 chapters written by Nils Petter Gleditsch, Dina A Zinnes, Ron Smith, Paul F Diehl, Kelly Kadera, Mark Crescenzi, Michael D Ward, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Nils B Weidmann, Jürgen Scheffran, Niall MacKay, Aaron Clauset, Michael Spagat and Stijn van Weezel.Lewis F Richardson occupied an important position in two academic fields as different as meteorology and peace research, with academic prizes awarded in both disciplines.In peace research, he pioneered the use of mathematical models and the meticulous compilation of databases for empirical research.As a quaker and pacifist, he refused to work in preparations for war, paid a heavy prize in terms of his career, and (at least in the social sciences) was fully recognized as a pioneering scholar only posthumously with the publication of two major books.Lewis Fry Richardson is one of the 20th century's greatest but least appreciated thinkers—a creative physicist, psychologist, meteorologist, applied mathematician, historian, pacifist, statistician, and witty stylist. If you've heard of weather prediction, chaos,fractals, cliometrics, peace science, big data, thick tails, or black swans, then you have benefited from Richardson's prescience in bringing unruly phenomena into the ambit of scientific understanding. Richardson's ideas continue to be relevant today, and this collection is a superb retrospective on this brilliant and lovable man.Steven Pinker, Johnstone Professor, Harvard University, and the author of The Better Angels of Our Nature and Enlightenment Now

Dieses Buch enthält insgesamt 730 Biographien der zwischen 1803 und 1932 an der Universität Heidelberg lehrenden Ordinarien, außerordentlichen Professoren und Honorarprofessoren. Es ist die zweite Auflage des 1986 erstmals erschienenen „Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1803–1932“ und stellt den Vorläufer- sowie Fortsetzungsband der bereits publizierten Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexika 1386–1651, 1652–1802 und 1933–1986 dar. Die Eckdaten 1803 und 1932 markieren zum einen den Übergang der bisherigen pfälzischen Universität an Baden und der Reorganisation der Universität ab 1803 sowie zum anderen die nachhaltige Veränderung des wissenschaftlich-geistigen Profils der Ruperto-Carola durch die „Säuberung“ des Dritten Reichs nach 1932. Aufbau und Anlage der Biographien bleiben auch in der 2. Auflage – wie in den bereits erschienenen Gelehrtenlexika – unverändert. Dadurch sind alle Bände 1386–1986 für prosopographische Untersuchungen prädestiniert. Die Informationen zum akademischen Lebenslauf, zu Werkverzeichnis, Sekundärliteratur und über Familienangehörige der Biographierten wurden erheblich erweitert.

This collection of nine essays provides an entertaining and thoughtful glimpse into trending topics in our lives. The author, Dr. Akula, tackles questions on life, science, and society from a biologist's perspective. The book covers a broad range of topics, including common questions with complex answers intermixed with some religion and humor, making it a great read to give your brain cells a boost. The field of Science is massive - in fact, it's the size of the universe, which means picking just a few topics to discuss is no mean feat. This book is a start, but there is more to come as Dr. Akula explores various subjects to discuss and shed new light on. This collection of essays will appeal to scientists, and to lay readers with an interest in the natural sciences. Its goal is to ensure that science isn't accessible to only a few people, but is instead disseminated to many. After all, a Smart World is the key to a Better Tomorrow and a Brighter Future.

Verstehen wir die Welt? Wie ist unsere Welt entstanden? Warum gibt es so viel Materie und so wenig Antimaterie? Wie bildeten sich die weiträumigen Strukturen in unserem Universum? Und wie entstanden aus der unbelebten Materie die ersten reproduktionsfähigen Lebewesen? Welcher Anpassungsdruck erzeugte die Artenvielfalt und letztlich die Hominiden? Wie entwickelten sich Bewusstsein, Kreativität, Religion? In dem vorliegenden Buch beantworten herausragende Wissenschaftler diese und viele weitere spannende Fragen und erklären, wie aus einfachen Anfängen und simplen Regeln immer wieder komplizierte Strukturen entstanden sind. Diese sogenannte Selbstorganisation wird an Beispielen aus den verschiedensten Disziplinen demonstriert – sei es bei der Geburt des Universums, auf der Ebene der Quarks und der Atome, bei der Entstehung des Lebens und bei seiner Ausdifferenzierung in die Vielzahl der Lebensformen bis hin zum Menschen selbst, mit seinen kulturell und wissenschaftlich immer höher entwickelten Gesellschaften. Interessierte Leser können mit Hilfe dieses Buches nachvollziehen, mit welchen Erkenntnissen und Thesen die Wissenschaft heute erklärt, wie die Natur mit einfachen Grundbausteinen und Gesetzen solch komplexe Gefüge geschaffen hat.

Research on general video game playing aims at designing agents or content generators that can perform well in multiple video games, possibly without knowing the game in advance and with little to no specific domain knowledge. The general video game AI framework and competition propose a challenge in which researchers can test their favorite AI methods with a potentially infinite number of games created using the Video Game Description Language. The open-source framework has been used since 2014 for running a challenge. Competitors around the globe submit their best approaches that aim to generalize well across games. Additionally, the framework has been used in AI modules by many higher-education institutions as assignments, or as proposed projects for final year (undergraduate and Master's) students and Ph.D. candidates. The present book, written by the developers and organizers of the framework, presents the most interesting highlights of the research performed by the authors duringthese years in this domain. It showcases work on methods to play the games, generators of content, and video game optimization. It also outlines potential further work in an area that offers multiple research directions for the future.

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics – collectively known as STEM – are rapidly advancing fields in their own rights. As a book series, Current STEM aims to be a friendly forum for both academic researchers and industrial practitioners to present their work as book chapters. Hence, the chapters should be varied, and this is intended. Current STEM encompasses the type of work to encourage a generation of researcher-practitioners. The authors and editor hope this inaugural volume will be a pleasure to a wide audience.

In 1922 Barnes Wallis FRS, who later invented the transatlantic airship and the bouncing bomb immortalized in the movie The Dam Busters, fell in love for the first and last time - aged 35. The object of his affection, Molly Bloxam, was 17 and setting off to study science at University College London. Her father decreed that the two could correspond only if Barnes taught Molly mathematics in his letters. Mathematics with Love presents, for the first time, the result of this curious diktat: a series of witty, tender and totally accessible introductions to calculus, trigonometry and electrostatic induction that remarkably, wooed and won the girl. Deftly narrated by Barnes and Molly's daughter Mary, Mathematics with Love is an evocative tale of a twenties courtship, a surprising insight into the early life of an engineering genius - and a great way to learn a little mathematics.