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With their distinctiveness and stability over time, fingerprints continue to be the most widely used anatomical characteristic in systems that automatically recognize a person's identity. This fully updated third edition provides in-depth coverage of the state-of-the-art in fingerprint recognition readers, feature extraction, and matching algorithms and applications. Deep learning (resurgence beginning around 2012) has been a game changer for artificial intelligence and, in particular, computer vision and biometrics. Performance improvements (both recognition accuracy and speed) for most biometric modalities can be attributed to the use of deep neural networks along with availability of large training sets and powerful hardware. Fingerprint recognition has also been approached by deep learning, resulting in effective and efficient methods for automated recognition and for learning robust fixed-length representations. However, the tiny ridge details in fingerprints known as minutiae are still competitive with the powerful representations learned by huge neural networks trained on big data.Features & Benefits:Reflects the progress made in automated techniques for fingerprint recognition over the past five decadesReviews the evolution of sensing technology: from bulky optical devices to in-display readers in smartphonesDedicates an entire new chapter to latent fingerprint recognition, which is nowadays feasible in “lights-out” modeIntroduces classical and learning-based techniques for local orientation extraction, enhancement, and minutiae detectionProvides an updated review of presentation-attack-detection techniques and their performance evaluationDiscusses the evolution of minutiae matching from rich local descriptors to Minutiae Cylinder Code Presents the development of feature-based matching: from FingerCode to handcrafted textural features to deep featuresReviews fingerprint synthesis, including recent Generative Adversarial NetworksThe revised edition of this must-read reference, written by leading international researchers, covers all critical aspects of fingerprint security system design and technology. It is an essential resource for all security and biometrics professionals, researchers, practitioners, developers, and systems administrators, and can serve as an easy-to-read reference for an undergraduate or graduate course on biometrics. Davide Maltoni is full professor in the Department of Computer Science (DISI) at the University of Bologna, where he also co-directs the Biometrics Systems Laboratory (BioLab). Dario Maio is full professor in the DISI and a co-director of the BioLab. Anil K. Jain is university distinguished professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Michigan State University. Jianjiang Feng is associate professor in the Department of Automation at Tsinghua University.

This book brings together investigations which combine theoretical and experimental results related to such systems as flexure hinges and compliant mechanisms for precision applications, the non-linear analytical modeling of compliant mechanisms, mechanical systems using compliance as a bipedal robot and reconfigurable tensegrity systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as energy efficient micro-robots, microscale force compensation, magnetoelectric micro-sensors, acoustical actuators and the wafer bonding as a key technology for the MEMS fabrication. The volume gathers the contributions presented at the 6th Conference on Microactuators, Microsensors and Micromechanisms (MAMM), held in Hyderabad, India in December 2022. The aim of the conference was to provide a special opportunity for a know-how exchange and collaboration in various disciplines concerning systems pertaining to micro-technology. The conference was organized underthe patronage of IFToMM (International Federation for the Promotion of Mechanism and Machine Science).

This book comprises the proceedings of the International Conference on Green Buildings and Sustainable Engineering (GBSE 2018), which focused on the theme “Transforming our Built Environment through Innovation and Integration towards a Smart and Sustainable Future”. The papers included address all aspects of green buildings and sustainability practices in civil engineering, and offer a valuable reference resource for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.

'Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts'appearing twice a year has become oneof the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics andneighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. The abstracts are classified under more than a hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world.

Fundamentals of Nanoscaled Field Effect Transistors gives comprehensive coverage of the fundamental physical principles and theory behind nanoscale transistors. The specific issues that arise for nanoscale MOSFETs, such as quantum mechanical tunneling and inversion layer quantization, are fully explored. The solutions to these issues, such as high-κ technology, strained-Si technology, alternate devices structures and graphene technology are also given. Some case studies regarding the above issues and solution are also given in the book.

Rapid thermal and integrated processing is an emerging single-wafer technology in ULSI semiconductor manufacturing, electrical engineering, applied physics and materials science. Here, the physics and engineering of this technology are discussed at the graduate level. Three interrelated areas are covered. First, the thermophysics of photon-induced annealing of semiconductor and related materials, including fundamental pyrometry and emissivity issues, the modelling of reactor designs and processes, and their relation to temperature uniformity. Second, process integration, treating the advances in basic equipment design, scale-up, integrated cluster-tool equipment, including wafer cleaning and integrated processing. Third, the deposition and processing of thin epitaxial, dielectric and metal films, covering selective deposition and epitaxy, integrated processing of layer stacks, and new areas of potential application, such as the processing of III-V semiconductor structures and thin- film head processing for high-density magnetic data storage.

What is a supermaterial? A concise definition is by no means obvious, but a clue can be obtained from the topics discussed here.. In addition to superconductors, the reader will encounter magnetic effects of many kinds, including giant and even colossal ones, organic conductors, photoconductors, and even 400-year-old Japanese ceramics. Processing is a prominent pursuit in supermaterials research, especially but not exclusively of the superconductors. The papers on characterisation and theory break new ground, particularly in pursuit of new optoelectronic phenomena. The parade of new materials recently synthesised, often containing four or more elements, is surprising. But it is in it reporting of new applications that the book stands out: from circuits to sensors, supermaterials are making their impact on society.

Silicon dioxide plays a central role in most contemporary electronic and photonic technologies, from fiber optics for communications and medical applications to metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Many of these applications directly involve point defects, which can either be introduced during the manufacturing process or by exposure to ionizing radiation. They can also be deliberately created to exploit new technologies. This book provides a general description of the influence that point defects have on the global properties of the bulk material and their spectroscopic characterization through ESR and optical spectroscopy.

This volume contains the Proceedings of the International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Devices and Processes, SISPAD 01, held on September 5–7, 2001, in Athens. The conference provided an open forum for the presentation of the latest results and trends in process and device simulation. The trend towards shrinking device dimensions and increasing complexity in process technology demands the continuous development of advanced models describing basic physical phenomena involved. New simulation tools are developed to complete the hierarchy in the Technology Computer Aided Design simulation chain between microscopic and macroscopic approaches. The conference program featured 8 invited papers, 60 papers for oral presentation and 34 papers for poster presentation, selected from a total of 165 abstracts from 30 countries around the world. These papers disclose new and interesting concepts for simulating processes and devices.

An extrapolation of ULSI scaling trends indicates that minimum feature sizes below 0.1 mu and gate thicknesses of <3 nm will be required in the near future. Given the importance of ultrathin gate dielectrics, well-focused basic scientific research and aggressive development programs must continue on the silicon oxide, oxynitride, and high K materials on silicon systems, especially in the critical, ultrathin 1-3 nm regime. The main thrust of the present book is a review, at the nano and atomic scale, the complex scientific issues related to the use of ultrathin dielectrics in next-generation Si-based devices. The contributing authors are leading scientists, drawn from academic, industrial and government laboratories throughout the world, and representing such backgrounds as basic and applied physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, surface science, and materials science. Audience: Both expert scientists and engineers who wish to keep up with cutting edge research, and new students who wish to learn more about the exciting basic research issues relevant to next-generation device technology.

Knowledge exists: you only have to?nd it VLSI design has come to an important in?ection point with the appearance of large manufacturing variations as semiconductor technology has moved to 45 nm feature sizes and below. If we ignore the random variations in the manufacturing process, simulation-based design essentially becomes useless, since its predictions will be far from the reality of manufactured ICs. On the other hand, using design margins based on some traditional notion of worst-case scenarios can force us to sacri?ce too much in terms of power consumption or manufacturing cost, to the extent of making the design goals even infeasible. We absolutely need to explicitly account for the statistics of this random variability, to have design margins that are accurate so that we can?nd the optimum balance between yield loss and design cost. This discontinuity in design processes has led many researchers to develop effective methods of statistical design, where the designer can simulate not just the behavior of the nominal design, but the expected statistics of the behavior in manufactured ICs. Memory circuits tend to be the hardest hit by the problem of these random variations because of their high replication count on any single chip, which demands a very high statistical quality from the product. Requirements of 5–6s (0.

With their proven distinctiveness and stability over time, fingerprints continue to be the most widely used anatomical characteristic in systems that automatically recognize a person's identity.This markedly enhanced second edition provides in-depth coverage of the recent advances and practices in fingerprint recognition. Readers will find comprehensive and authoritative coverage of all the major concepts, topics, and systems and security issues associated with fingerprint recognition systems. Written with the same formula that made the success of the first edition, this unique professional reference includes state-of-the-art techniques in fingerprint matching, and covers developments in sensor technology, performance evaluation, international standards, and system security. Features & Benefits:• Covers the latest research in fingerprint recognition algorithms and techniques • Reviews recent guidelines for scanner quality evaluation and certification, and provides examples of new fingerprint sensors • Provides introductory material on all components and modules of a fingerprint recognition system• Covers evaluations of fingerprint recognition algorithms and interoperability, including: FpVTE, MINEX, FVC2004 and FVC2006 • Integrates numerous supporting graphs, tables, charts, and performance data •Examines the design of secure fingerprint systems • Supplies an extensive annotated bibliography of citations and literature sources.• Contains helpful chapter overviews and summaries and consistent notation, for ease of use and accessibilityThe revised edition of this indispensible reference, written by leading international researchers, covers all critical aspects of fingerprint security systems and technology. It is an essential resource for all security and biometrics professionals, researchers, practitioners, developers, and systems administrators, and can serve as an easy-to-read reference for a graduate course on biometrics.Davide Maltoni is associate professor in the Department of Electronics, Informatics and Systems (DEIS) at the University of Bologna, where he also co-directs the Biometrics Systems Laboratory (BioLab).Dario Maio is full professor in the University of Bologna's DEIS and a co-director of the BioLab. He holds two patents on fingerprint liveness detection.Anil K. Jain is university-distinguished professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Michigan State University. He is a fellow of the IEEE, ACM and IAPR and holds six patents on algorithms for fingerprint recognition.Salil Prabhakar is the Chief Scientist of DigitalPersona Inc., a leading provider of fingerprint identity solutions for consumers, enterprises, and custom application developers.Key Topics• Fingerprint individuality• Fingerprint sensing • Biometric fusion• Synthetic fingerprint generation • Minutiae detection• Fingerprint system security • Performance evaluation• Feature extraction, matching, and indexing.

Low-Power High-Level Synthesis for Nanoscale CMOS Circuits addresses the need for analysis, characterization, estimation, and optimization of the various forms of power dissipation in the presence of process variations of nano-CMOS technologies. The authors show very large-scale integration (VLSI) researchers and engineers how to minimize the different types of power consumption of digital circuits. The material deals primarily with high-level (architectural or behavioral) energy dissipation because the behavioral level is not as highly abstracted as the system level nor is it as complex as the gate/transistor level. At the behavioral level there is a balanced degree of freedom to explore power reduction mechanisms, the power reduction opportunities are greater, and it can cost-effectively help in investigating lower power design alternatives prior to actual circuit layout or silicon implementation. The book is a self-contained low-power, high-level synthesis text for Nanoscale VLSI design engineers and researchers. Each chapter has simple relevant examples for a better grasp of the principles presented. Several algorithms are given to provide a better understanding of the underlying concepts. The initial chapters deal with the basics of high-level synthesis, power dissipation mechanisms, and power estimation. In subsequent parts of the text, a detailed discussion of methodologies for the reduction of different types of power is presented including: • Power Reduction Fundamentals • Energy or Average Power Reduction • Peak Power Reduction • Transient Power Reduction • Leakage Power Reduction Low-Power High-Level Synthesis for Nanoscale CMOS Circuits provides a valuable resource for the design of low-power CMOS circuits.

Overview Biometric recognition refers to the use of distinctive physiological and behavioral character- tics (e. g., fingerprints, face, hang geometry, iris, gait, signature), called biometric identifiers or simply biometrics, for automatically recognizing a person. Questions such as “Is this person authorized to enter the facility?”, “Is this individual entitled to access the privileged infor- tion?”, and “Did this person previously apply for a job?” are routinely asked in a variety of organizations in both public and private sectors. Because biometric identifiers cannot be easily misplaced, forged, or shared, they are considered more reliable for person recognition than traditional token- (e. g., keys) or knowledge- (e. g., password) based methods. Biometric recognition can provide better security, higher efficiency, and increased user convenience. It is for these reasons that biometric systems are being either increasingly deployed or evaluated in a large number of government (e. g., welfare disbursement, national ID card, issuing of driver's license) and civilian (e. g., computer network logon, automatic teller machine, cellular phone, Web access, smartcard) applications. A number of biometric technologies have been developed and several of them are being used in a variety of applications. Among these, fingerprints, face, iris, speech, and hand - ometry are the ones that are most commonly used. Each biometric has its strengths and we- nesses and the choice of a particular biometric typically depends on the requirements of an application.