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Rocky shores correspond to a very particular habitat in Brazil, which is concentrated in the Southeastern and Southern coasts. There are different types of substrata and seascapes that cause a high environmental heterogeneity responsible to host a high species biodiversity and a range of ecosystem services. Primary and secondary production, as well as structuring organisms and processes, differs from temperate areas.

The Brazilian coral reefs form structures significantly different from the well-known reef models, as follows: they have a growth form of mushroom-shaped coral pinnacles called'chapeirões'; they are built by a low diversity coral fauna rich in endemic species, with most of them relic forms dating back to the Miocene; and the nearshore bank reefs are surrounded by siliciclastic sediments. The reefs are distributed into four major sectors along the Brazilian coast: the northern, the northeastern, and the eastern regions, and the oceanic islands, but certain isolated coral species can be found in warmer waters in the embayment of the southern region. There are different types of bank reefs, fringing reefs, isolated'chapeirões'and an atoll present along the Brazilian coast. Corals, milleporids, and coralline algae build the rigid frame of the reefs. The areas in which the major coral reefs occur correspond to regions in which nearby urban centers are experiencing accelerated growth, and tourism development is rapidly increasing. The major human effects on the reef ecosystem are mostly associated with the increased sedimentation due to the removal of the Atlantic rainforest and the disposal of industrial and urban effluents. Fishing resources are seriously declining due to pollution and overfishing, and this reduction impacts artisanal fishers, who are impoverished and face food security risks. The effects of warming oceanic waters that have been affecting several reef areas with high-intensity coral bleaching did not show until the 2010 event, episodes of coral mass mortality in Brazilian reefs. However, since 2016, bleaching has increased, as has the mortality of milleporids. There are opportunities to develop purposeful biotechnologies that can support coral reef restoration and conservation. Reciprocally, preserved coral reef ecosystems containing peculiar genetic resources allow biotechnological opportunities to provide products and processes for economically and ecologically prosperous societies.

Ecology of Marine Fish offers updated reviews of the current knowledge on the ecology of marine fish. This book is an all-inclusive reference on the diversity of marine fish, their behaviors, their role in marine food webs, as well as the human and environmental impacts on marine fish, such as pollutants and climate change. It takes a historical approach to discussing spatial and temporal patterns of fish populations and introduces the changing patterns of the present. Each chapter provides an in-depth review of the science behind marine fish populations and the methodological tools to study them. This book is an excellent resource for anyone in the fisheries sector, including scientists and researchers, fisheries managers, marine resource managers, marine biologists, fish farmers, marine ecologists, policy makers, leaders and regulators, operations researchers, as well as students and faculty studying marine fish ecology. - Provides the latest scientific research and developments in the field - Presents a wide scope of different methodological approaches useful for field studies - Includes information on the role of marine fish in food webs and the impacts of climate change

This book provides a compilation of basic information on the topic of the Patagonian Shelfbreak front, but integrally reanalyzes this under modern paradigms. The book provides a synthesis of the ecosystem characteristics, encompassing physical and chemical oceanography, plankton, nekton and benthos communities, fisheries and conservation issues. It provides hypothesis to guide future research, and recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. Fronts play key roles in marine ecosystems, and shelfbreak fronts are ubiquitous elsewhere in the world ocean, broadening the interest of our proposal. The Patagonian shelfbreak front is a hot spot of marine life, with several associated fisheries and intensive use by marine birds and mammals. This book will contribute to fill the information gap of the Southwestern Atlantic, a region where there is a growing interest in terms of conservation and management actions. Its primary audience are researchers and postgraduate students, being also relevant for conservation scientists and resource managers.

Food Safety: Contaminants and Risk Assessment is a state-of-art reference on food safety, which is the biggest challenge in the food supply chains worldwide. Despite advancements in hygiene, food treatment, and food processing, foodborne pathogens or food contaminants still represent a significant threat to human health. This book presents comprehensive information about the major food contaminants across food types. The text provides facts about setting up food safety initiatives and safety rules, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, and safety education.Key Features Examines a diverse range of contaminants across food types Describes various food allergens and allergies Discusses contamination in drinking water and bottled water Reviews the international regulations for management of food hazards Throws light on the overall impact of food safety of global food supply chains This book is meant for postgraduate students, researchers, and food industry professionals.

Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science is the most up-to-date reference work for system based coastal and estuarine ecosystem science and management. It addresses the big issues facing the estuaries and coastal zone; in particular how to best use multi- and inter-disciplinary science to ensure the sustainability of the environment. It focusses on the need to protect and maintain the natural functioning of the estuaries and coasts worldwide while delivering the ecosystem services from which society extract goods and benefits.Structured chapters, written by leaders in the field, include reference lists and additional reading, copious diagrams, case-studies, and especially provide synthesis diagrams and conceptual models of complex issues. The Treatise covers both the natural and social sciences, serving a wide audience which ranges from undergraduate students to established researchers and practitioners.The work avoids autecological studies but focusses on inter-linked physical-chemical-biological-ecosystem processes and associated socio-economic issues in the coastal zone. It examines estuaries and coasts, and their interactions and feedbacks with humanity, from the inland catchment/river basin to the ocean shelf.The new edition builds on and expands the previous version with significant updates and a whole new section on Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems, covering the resistance and resilience of the estuaries, coasts and other transitional habitats to climate change, thereby determining changes and responses needed over the coming decades. - Comprehensive – a unique resource in the field, Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science covers system based coastal and estuarine science and management, linking physical, chemical and biological ecosystem processes with associated socio-economic issues. - Highly regarded: the previous edition was very well received by the market and widely used, with over 50,000 chapter downloads. - Updated and forward-looking: the new edition expands the previous version with significant updates and a whole new section on Climate Change and Coastal Ecosystems, covering the resistance and resilience of the estuaries, coasts and other transitional habitats and responses needed over the coming decades. - Authoritative and accessible – 155 chapters, written by leaders in the field, provide synthesis and conceptual models of complex issues, ensuring that the knowledge within is easily understood by a large audience. - Structured content - all chapters follow a common structure with set headings, making it easier for users to cross-compare and navigate the content.

The first section of the book includes information about how tourism-related infrastructure and activities promote biological invasions, including key pathways for non-native invasive species introductions. This section provides case studies of different organisms that are known to be introduced and/or promoted by tourism in different ecosystems or regions. The second section elaborates on known and potential impacts of invasive species on tourism and recreation, including how they may affect, positively or negatively, the economic revenue from tourism, tourist access, recreation, aesthetic values and tourists'perceptions. The last section focuses on management and policy, covering aspects of how visitors perceive invasive species and their willingness to manage them, biosecurity measures to prevent invasion related to tourism, as well as potential policy options moving forward. The book draws on a number of examples across multiple taxa, landscapes and regions of the world.

This book describes the fauna of the Pernambuco Endemism Center in Brazil's Northern Atlantic Forest, an understudied global biodiversity hotspot. Through fifteen curated chapters, it provides the latest information about the fauna of the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest, gathering important information about the faunal composition of the region for the first time. The chapters address animal biodiversity including terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and invertebrates (ants, butterflies, dung beetles, hervestmen, spiders, and termites). All chapters provide species lists, taxonomic aspects and richness analysis. Conservation of specific animal groups is also discussed. Finally, the book discusses human impacts on the forest and its biodiversity, emphasizing the need for conservation of this highly impacted ecosystem.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemicals that occur naturally in coal, oil, and gasoline, and are also produced when wood, tobacco, and other materials are burned. Exposure to PAHs can lead to negative health consequences, so remediating their presence in the environment is significant. Chapter One uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to explain the behavior of PAHs in indoor and outdoor environments of a university building. Chapter Two discusses PAH exposure and associated effects in elasmobranchs. Chapter Three focuses on the potential effects of plants on the phytoremediation of agricultural soils and freshwater resources contaminated with PAHs. Chapter Four includes a case study of PAHs levels in samples from the fishery industry. Lastly, Chapter Five evaluates potential associations between biliary PAHs, biomorphometric indices and biliverdin applied as a feeding status proxy in mullet (Mugil liza) from a chronically contaminated estuary in Southeastern Brazil.

Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives is an award-winning and groundbreaking exploration of the fundamental elements of the taxonomy, systematics, physiology, and ecology of sharks, skates, rays, and chimera. This edition presents current research as well as traditional models, to provide future researchers with solid historical foundations in shark research as well as presenting current trends from which to develop new frontiers in their own work. Traditional areas of study such as age and growth, reproduction, taxonomy and systematics, sensory biology, and ecology are updated with contemporary research that incorporates emerging techniques including molecular genetics, exploratory techniques in artificial insemination, and the rapidly expanding fields of satellite tracking, remote sensing, accelerometry, and imaging. With two new editors and 90 contributors from the US, UK, South Africa, Portugal, France, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, India, Palau, United Arab Emirates, Micronesia, Sweden, Argentina, Indonesia, Cameroon, and the Netherlands, this third edition is the most global and comprehensive yet. It adds six new chapters representing extensive studies of health, stress, disease and pathology, and social structure, and continues to explore elasmobranch ecological roles and interactions with their habitats. The book concludes with a comprehensive review of conservation policies, management, and strategies, as well as consideration of the potential effects of impending climate change. Presenting cohesive and integrated coverage of key topics and discussing technological advances used in modern shark research, this revised edition offers a well-rounded picture for students and researchers.

Plastic Pollution and Marine Conservation: Approaches to Protect Biodiversity and Marine Life provides comprehensive knowledge on the consequences of plastic waste in marine environments at different levels, ranging from ecological and biological, to social, economic and political. The book synthesizes historical information, gaps in current knowledge, and recent discoveries by illustrating the main stages that made plastics a global issue for ocean ecosystems and their wildlife. Written by international experts on marine pollution, marine biology, and management of environmental resources, this book explores the main topics of marine plastic pollution such as input quantification, polluting sources, ultimate fate, ecological consequences, and more. This an important resource for a wide audience, including marine conservationists, environmental managers, decision-makers, NGOs, private companies, and activists working to combat plastics in our seas and oceans. - Illustrates the evolution of plastics, from revolutionary materials to global environmental emergency - Discusses marine plastic pollution with scientific rigor and easy language that is supported by graphics and tables - Led by a team of editors with expertise in biology, pollution, conservation and policies of marine wildlife, biodiversity and ecosystems

Minorities in Shark Sciences showcases the work done by Black, Indigenous and People of Color around the world in the fields of shark science and conservation. Edited by three minority researchers, it provides positive role models for the next generation. Highlighting new and important research done in the fields of biology, ecology, and evolution, the book places emphasis on scientists with diverse backgrounds and expertise from around the world. The heart of this book is that community and minority voices are important (and have always been) to science regardless of diplomas/universities/accolades/western standards of academia. Despite the use of the term ‘Minorities', most of the world's population do not identify as white nor male, and in fact all'minorities'together comprise the global majority of humans. For those in these historically underserved and underrepresented demographics, it is meaningful to be highlighted and be given credit for their contributions. This book showcases to the world the many Black, Indigenous, People of Color, and LGTBQ+ scientists leading marine conservation, both in terms of scientific research and science communication.It has been shown in the literature that diversity in scientists creates diversity in thought, which leads to innovation. Strong minority voices are exactly what is needed to bring greater attention to the conservation of sharks, and this book illustrates innovative science by people who were historically excluded from STEM. It highlights the unique perspectives these scientists bring to their field that allow them to interact with stakeholders, particularly in the areas of conservation and outreach.As we continue to amplify these often-forgotten voices through research, outreach and engagement, we hope to stimulate innovation and transformative change in the field of shark conservation and marine science.

This 12 volume encyclopedia contains 160 chapters covering a broad range of topics related to marine biology.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the 36 hotspots for biodiversity conservation worldwide. It is a unique, large biome (more than 3000 km in latitude; 2500 in longitude), marked by high biodiversity, high degree of endemic species and, at the same time, extremely threatened. Approximately 70% of the Brazilian population lives in the area of this biome, which makes the conflict between biodiversity conservation and the sustainability of the human population a relevant issue. This book aims to cover: 1) the historical characterization and geographic variation of the biome; 2) the distribution of the diversity of some relevant taxa; 3) the main threats to biodiversity, and 4) possible opportunities to ensure the biodiversity conservation, and the economic and social sustainability. Also, it is hoped that this book can be useful for those involved in the development of public policies aimed at the conservation of this important global biome.

Ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM) is rapidly becoming the default approach in global fisheries management. The clarity of what EBFM means is sharpening each year and there is now a real need to evaluate progress and assess the effectiveness and impacts. By examining a suite of over 90 indicators (including socioeconomic, governance, environmental forcing, major pressures, systems ecology, and fisheries criteria) for 9 major US fishery ecosystem jurisdictions, the authors systematically track the progress the country has made towards advancing EBFM and making it an operational reality. The assessment covers a wide range of data in both time (multiple decades) and space (from the tropics to the poles, representing over 10% of the world's ocean surface area). The authors view progress towards the implementation of EBFM as synonymous with improved management of living marine resources in general, and highlight the findings from a national perspective. Although US-centric, the lessons learned are directly applicable for all parts of the global ocean. Much work remains, but significant progress has already been made to better address many of the challenges facing the sustainable management of our living marine resources. This is an essential and accessible reference for all fisheries professionals who are currently practicing, or progressing towards, ecosystem-based fisheries management. It will also be of relevance and use to researchers, teachers, managers, and graduate students in marine ecology, fisheries biology, biological oceanography, global change biology, conservation biology, and marine resource management.

The book presents a collection of large-scale network-modeling studies on coastal systems in Latin America. It includes a novel description of the functioning of coastal complex ecosystems and also predicts how natural and human-made disturbances percolate through the networks. Coastal areas belong to the most populated ecosystems around the globe, and are massively influenced by human impacts such as shipping, mining, fisheries, tourism, pollution and human settlements. Even though many of these activities have facilitated socio-economic development, they have also caused a significant deterioration in natural populations, communities and ecosystems worldwide. Covering coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America such as the NE and SE Pacific, NW Atlantic and Caribbean areas, it discusses the construction of quantitative (Ecopath-Ecosim-Ecospace and Centrality of Node Sets) and semi-quantitative (Loop Analysis) multispecies trophic-network models to describe and assess the impacts of natural and human interventions like pelagic and benthic fishing as well as natural events such as El Niño, and La Niña. The book also features steady state (and/or near moving equilibrium) and dynamical models to support the management of exploited organisms, and applies and quantifies macroscopic indices, based on Ascendency (Ulanowicz) and Local Stability (Levins´ Loop Analysis). Further, it discusses the determination of the Keystone Species Complex Index, which is a holistic extension of the classical concept of Keystone Species (Paine), offering novel strategies for conservation monitoring and management.

The Bahía Blanca Estuary is one of the largest coastal systems in Atlantic South America. This mesotidal estuary, situated in a sharp transition between humid subtropical and semiarid climates, has a unique combination of large interannual climatic variations. The estuarine area encompasses roughly 2300 square kilometers and is composed of wide expanses of intertidal flats, salt marshes, and emerged islands, which create intricate landscape patterns. Natural environments in the estuary sustain a high concentration of marine and terrestrial species, including endemic, threatened, and endangered fish and shorebirds. Puerto Cuatreros, in the inner zone of the estuary, hosts a permanent marine research station, whose records span more than 30 years of biophysical variables, and represent one of the largest time series of ecological data in South America. Beyond its ecological relevance, the Bahía Blanca Estuary is under increasing anthropogenic pressure from large urban settlements, industrial developments and harbors, raising the question of how to balance conservation and development. The Bahía Blanca Estuary: Ecology and Biodiversity offers a comprehensive review of life in the ecosystems of the estuary. The book is divided into five major sections, the first of which provides a description of the regional setting and covers key aspects of estuarine dynamics. The three following sections are dedicated to different habitat types and, within each section, the chapters are organized around major functional groups from pelagic and benthic environments. The fifth and final section covers issues related to management and conservation. Overall, the book provides essential and up-to-date reference material on the biodiversity and ecosystem processes of the Bahía Blanca Estuary, and will appeal to a broad international audience.

Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters is designed to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and as a reference source for specialists in stream ecology and related fields. This Third Edition is thoroughly updated and expanded to incorporate significant advances in our understanding of environmental factors, biological interactions, and ecosystem processes, and how these vary with hydrological, geomorphological, and landscape setting.The broad diversity of running waters – from torrential mountain brooks, to large, lowland rivers, to great river systems whose basins occupy sub-continents – makes river ecosystems appear overwhelming complex. A central theme of this book is that although the settings are often unique, the processes at work in running waters are general and increasingly well understood.Even as our scientific understanding of stream ecosystems rapidly advances, the pressures arising from diverse humanactivities continue to threaten the health of rivers worldwide. This book presents vital new findings concerning human impacts, and the advances in pollution control, flow management, restoration, and conservation planning that point to practical solutions.Reviews of the first edition:'.. an unusually lucid and judicious reassessment of the state of stream ecology'Science Magazine'..provides an excellent introduction to the area for advanced undergraduates and graduate students…'Limnology & Oceanography'… a valuable reference for all those interested in the ecology of running waters.'Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Reviews of the second edition:'Overall, a must for the field centre and a good starter text in stream ecology.'(TEN News, October, 2007)'Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty.'(P. R. Pinet, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (7), 2008)'... a very good, fluidly readable book which contains the latest key scientific knowledge of the ecology of running waters.'(Daniel Graeber, International Review of Hydrobiology, Vol. 94 (2), 2009)

There are many books on aspects of plant invasions, but none that focus on the key role of species interactions in mediating invasions. This book reviews exciting new findings and explores how new methods and tools are shedding new light on crucial processes in plant invasions. In 23 chapters, with contributions from 51 authors, the book addresses: · the main theories and hypotheses in plant invasion ecology that invoke species interactions; · plant invasions that are facilitated by, or benefit from, by mutualistic interactions and release from enemies; · antagonistic interactions that prevent or hinder plant invasions; · impacts of plant invasions on native species interactions and ecosystem functioning; · the interaction-network approach to understanding plant invasions; · the importance of considering species interactions in managing plant invasions

Sharks in Mexico: Research and Conservation, Volume 83 in the Advances in Marine Biology series, provides in-depth and up-to-date reviews on all aspects of marine biology that will appeal to postgraduates and researchers in marine biology, fisheries science, ecology, zoology and biological oceanography. New chapters cover The Sharks of Pacific Mexico and their Conservation - Why Should we Care?, Biodiversity and Conservation of Sharks in Pacific Mexico, Shark Ecology, The Role of the Apex Predator and Current Conservation Status, Review of Current Genetic Analyses for Sharks of Pacific Mexico and Conservation Implications, and much more. - Reviews articles on the latest advances in marine biology - Authored by leading figures in their respective fields of study - Presents material that is widely used by managers, students and academic professionals in the marine sciences

A comprehensive, clear, and detailed guide to procedures for conducting marine ecological field studies Marine Ecological Field Methods is a comprehensive resource that offers the most relevant sampling methodologies for quantitative and qualitative studies of mesopelagic, demersal, littoral, and soft-bottom organisms, as well as relevant physical parameters. The authors describe how various sampling gears work, how to operate them, their limitations, guides on sorting and measuring collected organisms, and how to deal with subsamples of large catches. The text also explains how to use acoustic equipment for monitoring aggregations of organisms, for example fish shoals, as well as the use of sensors for registering environmental variables such as salinity, temperature, oxygen, and light. The text contains cutting-edge research techniques that are in their final stages of development for use in research surveys. Marine Ecological Field Methods is designed to help with the entire procedure for conducting a field study, including the generation of hypotheses, planning field collection of data, conducting field work, data exploration and statistical analysis with the use of R, and presentation of results in a final report. This essential resource: Covers a wide range of techniques and methods for the marine environment Includes tried and trusted methodologies and techniques from a team of noted experts in the field Contains information on sampling equipment ranging from those that are useful in the littoral zone to shallow nearshore areas, including bottles, secchi discs, and gillnets, and finally large trawls, benthic sleds, ROV and advanced technologies for remote sensing in the open ocean. Explores the step-by-step procedures for conducting a field study, from formulating hypotheses to the process of registering and reporting results Written for students and professionals in the field, this vital resource describes marine ecological sampling equipment, methods and analysis, ranging from physical parameters to fish, microalgae, zooplankton, benthos and macroalgae.

D'une beauté incontestable et d'une complexité fascinante, les estuaires constituent un milieu particulier, d'une grande richesse, autorisant plusieurs interprétations selon l'angle de vue abordé : estuaires des hydrologues, des villes, des ports, des industriels, mais aussi des paysages, des loisirs et des zones protégées. La pluralité des vues qui sont portées aux estuaires par les différents acteurs concernés par ce milieu, rend extrêmement intéressant et pédagogique la réflexion approfondie engagée dans cet ouvrage. Les milieux estuariens et littoraux, une approche scientifique pour les préserver et les exploiter durablement apporte en effet une contribution significative, documentée et illustrée, à l'état des connaissances sur le rôle et le fonctionnement du littoral et en particulier des estuaires. Cet ouvrage aide ainsi à comprendre la place et l'importante contribution des estuaires dans le fonctionnement des autres écosystèmes terrestres et marins. Il propose d'une façon très claire et accessible les schémas de développements qui sont nécessaires pour leur protection, leur adaptation aux changements, et surtout, de plus en plus indispensable, leur restauration en vue de préserver les services écosystémiques qui sont les siens.

There is an increasing interest by consumers for high-quality food products with a clear geographical origin. With these products in demand, suitable analytical techniques are needed for the quality control. Current analytical approaches are mass spectrometry techniques, spectroscopic techniques, separation techniques, and others. Fingerprinting Techniques in Food Authentication and Traceability discusses the principles of the techniques together with their advantages and drawbacks, and reported applications concerning geographical authenticity. A combination of methods analyzing different types of food compounds seems to be the most promising approach to establish the geographical origin. The abundant acquired data are analyzed by chemometrics. Producing safe and high-quality food is a prerequisite to ensure consumer health and successful domestic and international trade, and is critical to the sustainable development of national agricultural resources. Systems to trace food or feed products through specified stages of production, processing, and distribution play a key role in assuring food safety. Analytical techniques that enable the provenance of food to be determined provide an independent means of verifying traceability systems and also help to prove product authenticity, to combat fraudulent practices and to control adulteration, which are important issues for economic, religious, or cultural reasons. Proof of provenance has become an important topic in the context of food safety, food quality, and consumer protection in accordance with national legislation and international standards and guidelines.

This book gathers contributions from scientists and industry representatives on achieving a sustainable bioeconomy. It also covers the social sciences, economics, business, education and the environmental sciences. There is an urgent need to optimise and maximise the use of biological resources, so that primary production and processing systems can generate more food, fibre and other bio-based products with less environmental impacts and lower greenhouse gas emissions. In other words, we need a “sustainable bioeconomy” – a term that encompasses the sustainable production of renewable resources from land, fisheries and aquaculture environments and their conversion into food, feed, fibre bio-based products and bio-energy, as well as related public goods. Despite the relevance of achieving a sustainable bioeconomy, there are very few publications in this field. Addressing that gap, this book illustrates how biological resources and ecosystems could be used in amore sustainable, efficient and integrated manner – in other words, how the principles of sustainable bioeconomy can be implemented in practice. Given its interdisciplinary nature, the field of sustainable bioeconomy offers a unique opportunity to address complex and interconnected challenges, while also promoting economic growth. It helps countries and societies to make a transition and to use resources more efficiently, and shows how to rely less on biological resources to satisfy industry demands and consumer needs. The papers are innovative, cross-cutting and include many practice-based lessons learned, some of which are reproducible elsewhere. In closing, the book, prepared by the Inter-University Sustainable Development Research Programme (IUSDRP) and the World Sustainable Development Research and Transfer Centre (WSD-RTC), reiterates the need to promote a sustainable bioeconomy today.

This comprehensive handbook provides a unique overview of the theory, methodologies and best practices in climate change communication from around the world. It fosters the exchange of information, ideas and experience gained in the execution of successful projects and initiatives, and discusses novel methodological approaches aimed at promoting a better understanding of climate change adaptation. Addressing a gap in the literature on climate change communication and pursuing an integrated approach, the handbook documents and disseminates the wealth of experience currently available in this field. Volume 2 of the handbook provides a unique description of the theoretical basis and of some of the key facts and phenomena which help in achieving a better understanding of the basis of climate change communication, providing an essential basis for successful initiatives in this complex field.

Northeast Pacific Shark Biology, Research and Conservation, Part A, Volume 77 highlights the biological attributes of, and the conservation efforts targeted at, populations of vulnerable sharks in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean bordering the west coast of the United States, one of the most economically and ecologically important oceanic regions in the world. Updates in this new volume include chapters on Biodiversity, Conservation and Life History of Northeastern Pacific Chondrichthyans, a Review of current genetic analyses of Northeast Pacific sharks and conservation implications, and a section on the Trophodynamics and ecological impacts of eastern North Pacific sharks. - Brings together subject experts on all aspects of shark biology, ecology, fishery management and conservation - Summarizes current knowledge - Focuses scientific attention on key issues embedded in the concept of shark conservation, both from a species and an ecosystem perspective

O livro apresenta um estudo amplo da ecologia de riachos de Montanha da Mata Atlântica, que foi realizado por um longo período de estudo em um mesmo tipo de ambiente aquático, tendo como referência um ambiente íntegro e outros riachos impactados. Foram avaliados os atributos ambientais e biológicos provenientes de Dissertações de Mestrado e Teses de Doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade e Conservação em Habitats Fragmentados) da Universidade Estadual de Londrina.

The aim of this volume is to gather and synthesize the research conducted on the biology (early life history stages, age and growth, maturation and fecundity), ecology (distribution, migrations, diet, predators and parasites) and fisheries (fishing areas, methods, landings, management and stock assessment) of the most economically important myopsid squids. This cephalopod group is typically associated with the seabed of the inshore coastal zone, usually resting or feeding to the bottom during day, and moving upwards during nighttime. The use of substratum for the attachment of the spawned egg masses is a key aspect of the myopsid's biology. The spawning behaviour is complex, and females commonly mate with multiple males over short time periods. The squid aggregations are targeted by a commercial handline jig fishery or caught as a bycatch of the commercial inshore demersal trawl fishery. Managing and forecasting myopsid fisheries in highly variable coastal environments constitutes a particular challenge because recruitment processes are mostly driven by the environment.