Search

A concise guide to the medicinal and ceremonial usage of chocolate Following on from his magnum opus, The Secret Life of Chocolate, Marcos Patchett returns with a short yet in-depth introduction to the bounty of the cacao plant. Rich with thorough research, Pharmakakawa takes readers on a journey from the tropical forests of the Americas, (the ancestral home of the plant) to its global movements across the world in which cacao was transformed from a bitter drink to the sweet confectionary known today. Patchett expertly weaves the exceptional history of the cacao plant with its pharmacology, discussing cacao within its ancient ancestral context of Mesoamerican medicine, as well as in relation to contemporary scientific discourse. The book also explores the deep rooting of cacao in traditional Mesoamerican mythology and ceremony, providing practical examples of how cacao can be incorporated into ritual today. Pharmakakawa concludes with a formulary of Theobroma cacao – complete with actions, indications, contradictions, dosage, preparations and combinations – useful for any herbal practitioner wishing to incorporate the plant into their practice. As well as providing a useful reference text, this delightful little book is the perfect introduction for anyone – herbalists and lay-people alike – wishing to discover more about the power, influence and history of the humble yet dynamic cacao plant.

The “Hematological Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” is the eleventh volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, publishes a comprehensive volume on the diagnosis and treatment of hematological cancers. The eleventh volume of the book, entitled “Hematological Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” starts with a general title on stem cell therapy and hematological cancers. Diagnosis and therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma are explained in this volume. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to hematologists and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on hematological cancer.

This book presents an authoritative review of the research regarding the influences of anabolic-androgenic steroids on metabolism. The book provides a concise description of the biochemistry of these steroids using simple terms and includes methods of separation and their clinical applications. The first section of the book examines the general structure, nomenclature, and classification of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Subsequent chapters explore concepts basic to understanding the pathways of their metabolism in both target and non-target tissues, including the interactions of steroids with receptors and the effects of steroids on the cellular metabolism of skeletal muscle. The changes and molecular base of modifications in metabolism during exercise involving anabolic-androgenic steroids are also described. Finally, a comprehensive review of methods for scanning and identifying anabolic-androgenic steroids in biological fluids is presented, as well as a discussion regarding the applicability and limitations of these techniques. The book provides valuable reference information for all scientists and clinicians engaged in sports medicine, exercise biochemistry, and endocrinology.

This edited book covers a wide range of novel scientific and engineering aspects of diamond films produced from chemical vapor deposition. It focuses on the most recent developments and achievements in this rapidly growing field from scientists and engineers across the domains of chemistry, biology, medicine, physics, and semiconductor engineering.The latest volume of this consistently well-cited book brings an updated, systematic review of the latest developments in diamond research and application. Featuring contributed chapters from a mix of highly-active international researchers, this new edition presents recent research focusing on topics such as diamond for thermal management in high-power electronics, diamond MOSFETs, water treatment, application of machine learning for nanodiamonds, theoretical aspects of diamond growth, current trends in emerging diamond technologies, and the growth of doped single-crystal diamond. This book is especially appealing to interdisciplinary researchers and industry professionals working on advanced diamond devices and applications, as well as theoretical and computational methods for predicting and designing new diamond materials.

This text builds upon the over 1500 papers published in peer-reviewed journals revealing that there are more than 200 biological codes in living systems. The author claims this experimental fact is bound to change biology forever. This book shows how this very discovery reveals that coding is a new mechanism of life, just as the discovery of electromagnetism revealed the existence of a new physical force in the universe. The existence of many biological codes, furthermore, Barbieri argues, is one of those experimental facts that have extraordinary theoretical consequences. It implies that coding is not only a mechanism that constantly operates in all living systems, but also a mechanism of evolution, more precisely a mechanism that gave origin to the absolute novelties of the history of life. This amounts to saying that evolution took place by two distinct mechanisms, by natural selection and by natural conventions, two mechanisms that are fundamentally different because natural selection is the result of copying and deals with information whereas natural conventions are the result of coding and deal with meaning. This volume appeals to students and researchers working in the fields of semiotics, philosophy, biology and mathematics.

In The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition, Stephen M. Garcia, Avishalom Tor, and Andrew J. Elliot review and organize the literature on the psychology of competition and bring together leading researchers studying competition across the field of psychology. The first section on Biological Approaches reviews findings on competition from the subfields of psychobiology, neuroscience, psycho-endocrinology, and evolutionary psychology. The section on Motivational and Emotional Approaches examines the opposing motivational forces in competition and describes how competitive motivation is influenced by goals, competitive arousal, and envy. Cognitive and Decision-Making Approaches showcases relevant findings from the literature on judgment and decision making, social dilemmas, cognitive biases, and risk-taking. The section on Social-Personality and Organizational Approaches includes chapters on trait competitiveness, gender differences in competition, rivalry, status competition, and social comparison. The volume concludes with a section in which the psychological study of competition is focused on specific contexts, such as sports, education, and culture. The Oxford Handbook of the Psychology of Competition is a crucial interdisciplinary investigation into the variety of perspectives and approaches to the psychology of competition, facilitating new research and integration in the field.

Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer, Part B, Volume 383 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of hot topics, including Epigenetic control of cell signaling in cancer stem cells, Genetic and epigenetic features of neuroendocrine prostate cancer and their emerging applications, Epigenetic regulation in pancreatic cancer, Epigenome Editing in Cancer: Advances and Challenges for Potential Therapeutic Options, Inhibition of epigenetic mechanisms in cancer, and Epigenetics as a determinant of radiation response in cancer. - Provides the latest information on cancer research - Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

The second edition of The Lateralized Brain provides for readers a volume detailing the functional and structural differences between the left and right hemispheres of the brain, highlighting how the widespread use of modern neuroimaging techniques such as fMRI and DTI have completely changed the way hemispheric asymmetries are currently investigated. In this new edition, all chapters have been updated with recent advances in the field, and a new chapter on hemispheric asymmetries in development and aging has been integrated. Also featured is a new, larger section on laterality in social behavior, alongside a comprehensive overview about key topics in laterality research, including its history, evolutionary perspectives, brain structure, and the role of the corpus callosum. Chapters cover functional hemispheric asymmetries in language processing, motor behavior, spatial attention, self- and face-perception, emotion processing, and social behavior. Additional topics include the ontogenesis of hemispheric asymmetries and their development over the life span, as well as sex differences and associations with clinical syndromes. This volume can be used by anyone working on hemispheric biology or in courses on hemispheric asymmetries. - Provides a comprehensive overview about key topics in laterality research, including its history, evolutionary perspectives, the corpus callosum, and brain structure - Includes references to key articles, books, protocols, and online resources for additional, detailed study - Discusses classic studies that helped define the field of laterality research and presents introductory short stories (e.g. famous classic clinical cases in laterality research) as a starting point for each chapter - Covers key concepts and methods in separate call-out boxes for quick overview - Newly integrates a chapter on laterality in social behavior, as well as various smaller new sections covering recent advances in the field

The adoption of aortic valve repair is exponentially increasing, and patients and cardiologists are demanding this with more enthusiasm. This is a current subject of great interest, and contemporary results are already present, and more are awaited. The book ‘ElKhoury's Textbook of Aortic Valve Repair'describes the whole journey through the set-up of an aortic valve repair program, pertinent investigations, patient selection, different approaches, cardio-pulmonary bypass, re-operations, and its application with combined surgery. This book is directed to all training cardiac surgeons and cardiologists, consultant cardiac surgeons and cardiologists, anaesthetists, intensive care specialists and perfusionists. This is the first book authored exclusively on this subject. The 3 editors (esp Prof. ElKhoury) are leading authorities on this subject in the world and are mentors for many surgical programs. Every chapter is authored by champions in the particular aspect of aortic valve repair surgery. These are mainly from USA and Europe.

今までの「グローバリゼーション」は世界が同型化・均質化するという前提に立っていた。それに対し，異文化経営学会は新しいパラダイムを提起する。インクルージョン（誰でも参加できる），ダイバーシティ（いろんな人がいる），ハピネス（価値やパーパス）が大切と説く。自分の文化や言葉で語り合い，互いに尊重しあう世界。本書はそのパラダイムを理論的・実践的に解き明かす。21世紀を照らす真のグローバリゼーションである。

The second edition of this book presents the role of osmolytes in human health and diseases. Some of the chapters deal about the possibility of the use of osmolytes as diagnostic biomarkers and potential drug design for neurodegenerative and other human diseases. Other chapters also include reviews on the role of osmolytes in cancer, metastasis, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, immunological disorders, and tissue regeneration. Importantly, the book also contain recent updates on the role of naturally occurring osmolytes in protein folding pathway, protein stability, and their underlying mechanisms. The book also covers the aspects that osmolytes could promote conformational alterations of transcription factors that favor metastatic behavior. Potential of the osmolytes in the various process of vaccine development, including enhancing the efficacy, production, and purification steps are also succintly described. Towards the end, the book also elucidates the use of specific molecules for the prevention of toxic gain of functions and restoration of function to disease-causing mutant protein. This book is an invaluable asset for the researchers especially working in osmolyte biology and scientists involved in basic and clinical research particularly neurodegeneration, diabetes, cancer, and metabolic disorders.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of essential concepts and evidence that guide the practice of contemporary preventive cardiovascular nursing. The sections incorporate a lifespan approach to cardiovascular wellness, and provide perspectives on sources of known and emerging cardiovascular risk factors as well as the spectrum of multidimensional factors including biological, behavioral, psychological and sociocultural influences on cardiovascular wellness, risk, and the evolution of cardiovascular conditions. Unique features address: 1) building resilience across the lifespan such that optimal cardiovascular wellness can be attained within multiple contexts of health states to increase a healthy lifespan and longevity; 2) behavior change skills for risk factor reduction; 3) risk factors and risk reduction approaches with special populations defined by gender,, age and aging, heath states, and health equity issues; and 4) high level roles for cardiovascular nurses as provider - risk assessor, communicator and care provider; educator, leader, patient and health advocate. Relevant case studies are included throughout to facilitate the application of the content. This book fills a gap in that there is no other book on preventive cardiovascular nursing care and roles, and it provides support for the nurse to lead relevant interdisciplinary teams. The book will empower nurses to build knowledge and skills for cardiovascular prevention and to provide leadership for optimal cardiovascular wellness for patients and communities.

What makes international joint ventures successful? Among other key success factors such as strategic fit, material and political-relational incentives, and the cultural compatibility of the joint venture partners, the role of one factor in the successful establishment and management of joint ventures is critical: the mutual trust among the managers involved. This book explores how to establish, develop, and continue to nurture mutual trust between the managers of German and Chinese joint ventures. A series of guided interviews conducted by the authors reveals assessments of Chinese and European executives about their mutual trust in the context of the cultural differences between the two countries, the worldviews characterizing China and Germany, and their impact on the behavior of their executives. The authors then use these judgements from the interviews to make recommendations for action to build more successful cooperation in German-Chinese business cooperation in future joint enterprises. Trust in German-Chinese Business Cooperation is essential reading for managers of international companies and students of business management, business psychology and intercultural management.

Advances in Motivation Science, Volume Eleven, the latest release in the Motivation Science series, contains interesting articles that cover topics such as An Ecology of Meaning: An Integrative Framework for Understanding Human Motivations, Beer AMS Quest for Self Knowledge, Boundary conditions of the rational model Finding the limits of rationality, Growth goals: A review of the construct Predictors, Consequences, and Intervention, Pragmatic Prospection Theory, Research, and Practice, and The Quest for Self-Knowledge What Do We Want to Know (and not Know) About Ourselves. - Presents new research in the field of motivation science and research - Provides a timely overview of important research programs conducted by the most respected scholars in psychology - Gives special attention to directions for future research

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations is a comprehensive volume on the field of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) as well as its associated comorbidities. Covering clinical manifestations as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms, this book discusses available macaque and rodent animal models of HAND, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways underlying symptoms. Chapters also cover prevention and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnosis and biomarkers associated with disease outcomes. This volume is appropriate for basic research and clinical investigators working in the area of HIV-1 infection. - Provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical manifestations of HAND and its comorbidities - Includes detailed assessments of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND symptoms - Examines animal models for studying HAND, including macaque and rodent models - Presents insights into epigenetic regulation and signaling pathways implicated in HAND - Covers prevention, therapeutic strategies, and diagnostic approaches

This volume provides a comprehensive and in-depth exploration of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its impact on human health. Written by a team of expert contributors, the book covers various aspects of the virus, including its structure, life cycle, and genomic replication. It delves into the epidemiology of COVID-19, comparing it with other related coronaviruses and discussing the concept of herd immunity. The structural biology of SARS-CoV-2 is examined, with a focus on techniques such as electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. The book also explores the biology of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their immune evasion strategies. Furthermore, it delves into the pathogenesis of COVID-19, examining its multiorgan manifestations and the long-term effects of the disease. The innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail, along with the role of B cells and T cells in the immune response. The volume concludes with a look at future insights and potential developments in the field. Accompanied by illustrative diagrams and visuals, this volume would aid in grasping complex concepts, serving as a valuable resource for researchers, healthcare professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the intricate details of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on global health. - Comprehensive coverage of various aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including virus structure, variants, immune responses, disease pathogenesis including its multiorgan manifestations and long COVID - Focus on in-depth analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, including B cell and T cell responses, discussing the recognition and activation mechanisms, antibody production, immunological memory as well as the role of spike proteins in immunological regulation - Richly illustrated with informative diagrams, providing visual aids to enhance understanding of complex concepts and structures related to COVID-19

Biomechanics of the Aorta: Modelling for Patient Care is a holistic analysis of the aorta towards its biomechanical description. The book addresses topics such as physiology, clinical imaging, tissue and blood flow modeling, along with knowledge that is needed in diagnostics, aortic rupture prediction, assist surgical planning, and more. It encompasses a wide range of topics from the basic sciences (Vascular biology, Continuum mechanics, Image analysis) to clinical applications, as well as describing and presenting computational studies and experimental benches to mimic, understand and propose the best treatment of aortic pathologies. The book begins with an introduction to the fundamental aspects of the anatomy, biology and physiopathology of the aorta and proceeds to present the main computational fluid dynamic studies and biomechanical and mechanobiological models developed over the last decade. With approaches, methodologies and findings from contributors all over the world, this new volume in the Biomechanics of Living Organs series will increase understanding of aortic function as well as improve the design of medical devices and clinical interventions, including surgical procedures.Comprehensive coverage of the main computational fluid dynamic studies and biomechanical and mechanobiological models developed over the last decadeIntroduces the most recent imaging technologies to characterize factors, including aortic geometry, mechanical properties of aortic tissues, and cellular activity in the vessel wallSynthesizes advances in vascular biomechanics, medical imaging, and computational modeling of finite element fluid and solid models

Quantum Sensing at the Interface of Nanotechnology Integrated Microfluidics provides broad multidisciplinary coverage of innovative quantum sensing technologies suitable to industries in the engineering, biomedical, healthcare and environmental sectors. Sections discuss emerging quantum sensing and with an introduction to microfluidic devices, smart sensors, the role of nanotechnology, smart sensing, and the role of quantum technology and artificial intelligence for nano-enabled microfluidics. Sensing technologies and nano-enabled microfluidics and their biomedical and industrial applications are explored. This will be a useful resource for those in research and industry interested in biotechnology, nanotechnology, sensing technology and their applications in multidisciplinary fields. - Provides an introduction to the types of microfluidic devices, smart sensors, and the role of nanotechnology - Covers smart sensing for multidisciplinary sectors - Explores the challenges and prospects of nano-microfluidics systems

A concise yet comprehensive overview of the anesthetic management of pediatric patients with congenital heart disease Designed for ease of use, The Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Handbook is divided into two parts: Part One covers the basic assessment of patients, including cardiovascular physiology, the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease, preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, and interpretation of cardiac catheterization data. Part Two contains templated chapters that address a variety of disorders, allowing easy reference to anatomical and physiological features, surgical therapies, anesthetic approach, and postoperative management. Now in its second edition, The Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Handbook contains new chapters on coagulation and blood management, echocardiography, risk scoring systems, and postoperative critical care management, as well as a completely revised chapter on mechanical circulatory support. Providing clear and reliable, this easily referable pocket-sized resource: Addresses the additional complexities of pediatric patients and the anesthetic considerations for non-cardiac surgery after heart and heart-lung transplantationProvides guidelines on specific lesions for the pediatric anesthesiologist caring for cardiac patients presenting for non-cardiac surgeryContains templated chapters that allow easy reference by members of the multidisciplinary team, such as cardiologists, cardiac intensivists, perfusionists, and surgeonsFeatures high-quality illustrative echocardiographic images in every chapter and bulleted content designed for rapid reference Written by an expert author team at the world-renowned Boston Children's Hospital, The Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesia Handbook is a must-have guide and study aid for anesthesiology and cardiac critical care trainees and practitioners who manage patients with congenital heart disease.

This book has combined information on the most recent agricultural practices and breeding methods for ornamental crops. The applications and benefits of hydroponics systems over traditional soil culture growing systems are also discussed. The role of current breeding tactics, such as gene editing tools like CRISPR Cas9, in the development of ornamental crop traits has been debated. The specifics of omics approaches to combat biotic and abiotic stresses in ornamental plants using modern breeding have been thoroughly studied. The critical significance of epigenetic control in ornamental plant development is also highlighted. This book discusses the importance of microbes in sustainable floriculture. Domestication and culture of wild ornamentals have also been considered. This book compiles an in-depth understanding of globally leading cultivated ornamentals and the most important cultivated ornamentals in India. Also, the important domains, i.e., pests and diseases and management in ornamentals and the economic services of ornamental cultivation are discussed. The most recent advances in urban floriculture and the future of smart horticulture have been examined. Nanotechnology uses in ornamental horticulture have been exclusively discussed. This book is a ready reckoner of the advances made in the field of ornamental horticulture for the scientists, graduate students, research scholars, breeders, farmers, and market managers of public and private sectors. This book will establish potential links between inter-disciplinary topics of research, such as aspects of floriculture, plant biotechnology, microbiology, and nanotechnology. This book series will take research in floriculture to a new frontier. This book serves as an excellent guide to formulating public-private collaborative research for future innovation in the floriculture frontiers.

This text explores the chemical processes that occur in living organisms. It provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular basis of life, including topics cell biology, metabolism, genetics, and molecular biology. The book is designed to help students and researchers understand the fundamental principles of biochemistry and the complex interactions that occur within cells. Whether you are studying biochemistry for the first time or looking to deepen your knowledge, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in the science of life.

The application of mathematical models in the analysis of learning data has a rich tradition in experimental psychology. Such modeling is not only of scientific interest from psychophysiological point of view but very important from clinical point of view because memory impairment is a common symptom that is frequently diagnosed in elder people, persons after traumatic brain injury, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological and psychiatric diseases. Mild memory impairment might be one of the most important symptoms of a future Alzheimer's disease. Thus, early diagnosis of initial signs of memory impairment is of importance. The book offers the reader hands on practical experience using a mathematical model dveloped by the senior authors. Classroom tested experiments are provided which requires the reader to use the model under various conditions such as learning and memory in both humans and animals. Following an introduction to mathematical models, the book contains 13 experiments. These experiments include those related to animal learning in such organisms as snails, bees, and rats. A variety of human experiments are also presented including those related to short and long term memory, maze learning, classical salivary conditioning, evaluation of sound on memory, and the influence of dietary supplements on memory. We close the section on experiments with and analysis of machine learning curves. Appendices are provided on how to build apparatus and how to install the software.

'The Indonesian island of Sumatra is part of a chain of islands making up Sunda and the Malay Archipelago. Sumatra is one of the largest islands in the world, housing unique and globally important tropical rainforests, a diverse array of rare plants and magnificent animals, and a population of 60 million who speak a range of Austronesian languages. As beautifully exemplified in this volume, Sumatra is a place which preserves a distinct and long-term human history, studies of which began in earnest with Eugene Dubois's explorations in the 1880s to find our ancestral'missing link'. Archaeological investigation of megaliths and historic empires carry on to this day. A range of topics are explored here, including palaeontological study of fossil mammals and their environments, the routes that Homo erectus took during their wanderings across Indonesia, and the growth and development of societies and empires in more recent periods. This exemplary volume presents a revised view of the history of palaeontological and archaeological research as well as new ground-breaking field research, laying the foundation for future research on the biological and cultural evolution of one of the most majestic islands of the world.'­— Professor Michael Petraglia, Director of the Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University

This book provides the reader with the latest research on vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy including its useful features and applications to many fields. The book starts from an unresolved question in gel chemistry of how component molecules are organized in the flexible fibrils of gels. VCD spectroscopy was successful in giving a clear answer to this mystery. The book also describes a key aspect of this technique lay in the fact that VCD signals were remarkably enhanced when chiral molecules formed a stereoregular molecular array over a few hundred nanometers. VCD spectroscopy was also applied to other topics involving chiral molecules such as the chiral discrimination mechanism in heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis and the build-up of supramolecular chirality in molecular crystals. Furthermore, the book covers the recent instrument developments leading to multi-dimensional VCD measurements with the coordinates of wavenumber, space and time. This progress has opened up new biological and medical applications such as the heterogenous distributions of protein domains in insect wings and the quality control of chiral drugs. The last part of the book presents the possibility of medical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease through multi-dimensional VCD analyses. This book appeals not only to researchers and students who study spectroscopy but also to ones in catalysis, biology and medicine as users of the VCD methods.

The new edition of the highly popular, The Fractal Geometry of the Brain, reviews the most intriguing applications of fractal analysis in neuroscience with a focus on current and future potential, limits, advantages, and disadvantages. It brings an understanding of fractals to clinicians and researchers even if they do not have a mathematical background, and it serves as a valuable tool for teaching the translational applications of computational fractal-based models to both students and scholars. As a consequence of the novel research developed at Professor Di Ieva's laboratory and other centers around the world, the second edition will explore the use of computational fractal-based analysis in many clinical disciplines and different fields of research, including neurology and neurosurgery, neuroanatomy and psychology, magnetoencephalography (MEG), eye-tracking devices (for the fractal computational characterization of “scanpaths”),deep learning in image analysis, radiomics for the characterization of brain MRIs, characterization of neuropsychological and psychiatric diseases and traits, signal complexity analysis in time series, and functional MRI, amongst others.

La segunda edición de Anestesia en el cardiópata se escribió para actualizar y mejorar el cuidado perioperatorio de los pacientes con patología cardiaca que son sometidos a cirugía no cardiaca. Desde la publicación de la primera edición, han aparecido en la literatura mundial numerosos artículos relacionados con los avances en la anestesia y el monitoreo de los pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas, lo cual obligó a la actualización de esta obra. Este libro está dirigido al anestesiólogo general que se enfrenta en la clínica diaria a pacientes con enfermedades cardíacas, que tienen que ser anestesiados para cualquier tipo de cirugía. En esta segunda edición se agregaron varios capítulos nuevos y los ya existentes fueron sometidos a una actualización. En la primera parte del libro se agregaron temas de fisiología básica, como la neurofisiología, la fisiología pulmonar y cardiovascular, la hipertensión pulmonar, las implicaciones anestésicas de los canales iónicos, el metabolismo cardiaco y la insuficiencia cardiaca. En la segunda sección se introdujeron capítulos de farmacología básica, como los relacionados con los anestésicos inhalados, los anestésicos intravenosos, el óxido nítrico, el efecto cardiovascular de las estatinas, la intoxicación digitálica y la cardioprotección con anestésicos inhalados y opiáceos. En la tercera sección se incluyen los nuevos síndromes isquémicos coronarios agudos, la isquemia y la reperfusión, el preacondicionamiento y el posacondicionamiento cardiacos, el corazón aturdido y la cardioprotección perioperatoria. En la última sección de Anestesia en el cardiópata se trata la valoración preoperatoria, la anestesia en enfermedades cardiacas específicas (como las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes que requieren cirugía no cardiaca, con inclusión de las cianóticas y las no cianóticas), la cardiopatía isquémica, los pacientes con stent coronario y la cirugía no cardiaca, y cada uno de los padecimientos valvulares, como la estenosis y las insuficiencias aórtica y mitral, el prolapso de la válvula mitral, la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la cirugía de carótida y el infarto del miocardio perioperatorio, así como las guías actualizadas de la Asociación Americana del Corazón (American Heart Association) para el tratamiento del paro cardiaco.

This book describes multiple effects of four stomach derived hormones (acylated and unacylated ghrelin, obestatin and nesfatin-1) collectively known as ghrelin family peptides (GFPs). The first part of the book focuses on known actions of GFPs under normal physiological conditions. Subsequent chapters describe the role of dysregulation in the production and action of these peptides in the complex network involved in numerous chronic diseases, musculoskeletal health, osteoporosis, falls and, consequently, osteoporotic fractures. The emerging data on the potential diagnostic and therapeutic benefits of GFPs in different disorders and implications on clinical practice is presented, and an extensive bibliography is provided.

Today, collective action on challenges ranging from climate change mitigation to peace and security is frustratingly slow or stymied altogether. Lack of trust and polarization--both associated with insecurity--exacerbate the gridlock. Shared, interlinked global challenges, like the pandemic and its recovery, are outpacing our willingness and our institutions'capacities to respond to them. Why, despite all our riches and technologies, are we so stuck? How do we get unstuck? Is it possible to mobilize action to address globally shared challenges in a world that is intensively polarized? The 2023-2024 Human Development Report explores these issues and offers a platform for strategic discussion on how to move beyond narrow zero-sum thinking and support cooperation even as we have diverging interests and views. The e-book for this publication has been converted into an accessible format for the visually impaired and people with print reading disabilities. It is fully compatible with leading screen-reader technologies such as JAWS and NVDA.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic and preventive medical gas. Hydrogen gas has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. H2 exhibits exceptional pharmacokinetics, swiftly traversing cellular biomembranes to access subcellular organelles indirectly regulating hormones and cytokines through various signal transduction pathways. H2 has the potential to address a wide range of issues, including clinical medical treatment in the areas of healthcare: myocardial ischemia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, metabolic syndrome, advanced-stage cancer, inflammatory diseases, Alzheimer's dementia, aging-related disorders, sports activities, and even beauty, agriculture, etc.Selected world-known authors in the field provide readers with a comprehensive overview of molecular hydrogen's remarkable effects and its physical, chemical, and therapeutic properties and potential in biomedical applications. This contributed volume fills the current gap in information and is intended for everyone who wants to be better informed about the wide possibilities of using molecular hydrogen. However, it is mainly intended for use by medical students, physiologists, pharmacologists, physicians, and other healthcare personnel who can use molecular hydrogen to improve the health of everyone who needs it.

Presents timely and authoritative information on the development of precision cancer therapies as applied to hematologic malignancies The Precision Cancer Therapies series focuses on how to understand and translate fundamental basic science into information that can be directly applied to patients to advance care. Each volume of the series integrates the relevant biological concepts and principles necessary for translating this science to practitioners of this science. Precision Cancer Therapies, Volume Two, focuses on sophisticated immunotherapies targeting cancers affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Edited and authored by the foremost authorities in the field, this comprehensive reference text covers targeting of cell surface receptors, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), targeting immune checkpoint, targeting macrophages, EBV-directed immunotherapies, tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T). Divided into nine sections, Volume Two includes an overview of the history of immunotherapy development in cancer, as well as a concluding section addressing the mechanistic basis and role of immunomodulatory drugs, analytical tools to quantitate immune-mediated effects, and other topics in immunotherapy. Chapters on specific therapeutics or therapeutic classes include a basic explanation of the underlying pathway and target, the pharmacology of the drug/class, relevant preclinical and clinical data, and discussion of clinical management and potential predictive biomarkers of response. This book also: Delivers a definitive, state-of-the-art review of the relevant biology and its importance in the broader context of cancer biology Focuses on agents that mediate cell killing in lymphoma through a variety of immunologic mechanisms Covers FDA-approved drugs and their indications, as well as drugs currently in development Provides information on monotherapy and combination therapy, summary tables of trials, and discussion of toxicity and efficacy Includes boxed sections highlighting major unique points about the information in the chapter Precision Cancer Therapies, Volume Two: Immunologic Approaches for the Treatment of Lymphoid Malignancies, From Concept to Practice is an indispensable resource for medical, scientific, and allied medical professionals, advanced students, and interested general readers with background knowledge in the subject.

Cryo-electron microscopy, in combination with tomography, has emerged as a new technology for visualizing molecular structures at a resolution beyond even 1 Å. Using this technology has revealed the native molecular details of viruses, membranes, enzymes, ribosomes, and cells. This comprehensive volume brings together authoritative overviews of these methods from structural and biological perspectives. It is a must-have for researchers and graduate students, as well as those working in industry, primarily in the areas of biophysics, structural biology, crystallography, and genomics.Key Features• Focuses on the applications of cryo-EM to structural biology• Documents the importance of cryo-EM/ET approaches in studying the structural determinants of cellular organelle and membrane protein biochemistry• Reviews the applications of high-resolution structures of viruses• Emphasizes structural insights of nuclear and gene machineries• Includes a section focused entirely on the applications of cryo-EM/ET in drug discovery and therapeutic development

Starting from the idea that economic relations are social relations, and every economic fact is first a social fact, this book explores one of the crucial problems within economic science: how to embody the social dimension into the study of economic reality from a critical perspective.This book opens with an examination of the concept of social capital, incorporating all the approaches from the last 30 years of analysis. It reviews the two main orientations of existing research programmes in social capital: the macro or culturalist perspective and the micro or individual social capital. Furthermore, it proposes a reconstruction of the theory from a micro perspective. Finally, taking this approach, this book explores the link between social capital and the negative aspects of social reality, such as corruption or inequality, and, through the study of so-called relational goods, the influence of social capital on subjective well-being. The analysis of the concept of social capital not only involves economists but also requires a necessary bridge with sociology, anthropology, political science, and even psychology.This book will, therefore, be crucial reading for anyone engaged in the problem of the interrelation between economy and society.

This book addresses the pressing problem of drug resistance in the treatment of breast cancer. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying drug resistance and presents the latest advances in therapeutic approaches to overcome this enormous challenge. The book begins with an introduction to the biology of breast cancer, treatment modalities and the mechanisms of drug resistance. This includes the principles of drug resistance in targeted, immune-, endocrine and chemotherapy. In the following sections, the authors present innovative strategies to overcome drug resistance and new research directions, among others the role of the microbiome in drug resistance, molecular profiling of patients for personalized medical care, and new drug delivery systems. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of the differences in the prevalence and treatment success of breast cancer between high- and low-income countries. This book is an informative resource for students, researchers, and clinicians in the field of breast cancer research and oncology in general.

Epigenetic Regulation of Cancer, Part C, Volume 389 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of hot topics, including Epigenetic biomarkers in breast cancer, Contribution of epigenetics to virus-driven cancer, Cancer metabolism and epigenetics, Technologies for epigenome editing, Epigenetics and cancer stemness, Epigenetic modifications in obesity-associated cancers, Epigenetics in cf microRNA in blood of solid tumors, Integrative analysis of transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, cell surface antigen in single cell level for AML, and more.Additional chapters cover Epigenetics in lung cancer, Gene Regulatory Mechanisms underlying therapy resistance in Cancer, Role of miRNAs as epigenetic regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunity, Epigenetic contributions to Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Contribution of epigenetics to chemoresistance, Epigenetic contribution to the relationship between obesity and cancer, and Epigenetic regulation in ovarian cancer. - Provides the latest information on cancer research - Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Applied Biotechnology Strategies to Combat Plant Abiotic Stress investigates the causal molecular factors underlying the respective mechanisms orchestrated by plants to help alleviate abiotic stress in which Although knowledge of abiotic stresses in crop plants and high throughput tools and biotechnologies is avaiable, in this book, a systematic effort has been made for integrating omics interventions across major sorts of abiotic stresses with special emphasis to major food crops infused with detailed mechanistic understanding, which would furthermore help contribute in dissecting the interdisciplinary areas of omics-driven plant abiotic stress biology in a much better manner. In 32 chapters Applied Biotechnology Strategies to Combat Plant Abiotic Stress focuses on the integration of multi-OMICS biotechnologies in deciphering molecular intricacies of plant abiotic stress namely drought, salt, cold, heat, heavy metals, in major C3 and C4 food crops. Together with this, the book provides updated knowledge of common and unique set of molecular intricacies playing a vital role in coping up severe abiotic stresses in plants deploying multi-OMICS approaches This book is a valuable resource for early researchers, senior academicians, and scientists in the field of biotechnology, biochemistry, molecular biology, researchers in agriculture and, crops for human foods, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge in the allied field. - Describes biotechnological strategies to combat plant abiotic stress - Covers the latest evidence based multipronged approaches in understanding omics perspective of stress tolerance - Focuses on the integration of multi-OMICS technologies in deciphering molecular intricacies of plant abiotic stress

Comprehensive Hematology and Stem Cell Research is the first major reference to cover both stem cell research and therapy as well as the range of hematological disorders they are currently used to treat and may potentially be able to treat in the future. This five volume set includes fundamentals, such as the underlying mechanisms of the blood and immune system, highlighting blood disorders and cancers of the blood, including lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. Other sections cover stem cell research and therapy, from harvesting stem cells to their utilization in cancer treatments. Finally, the work looks to the future and explores newer stem cell research that may lead to future treatments. This book is an excellent resource for students at the graduate and post-graduate levels, academics, and researchers in the fields hematology, immunology and oncology. - Compiles foundational knowledge and breakthrough research into one concise, comprehensive reference - Takes a translational, bench-to-bedside approach to hematological disorders and stem cell therapies - Covers clinical applications of stem cells, advances in the field, and promising new research

This book overviews ongoing and upcoming clinical applications of basic immunology. Recent advances in our knowledge of immunology coupled with new technologies have aided in the development of efficient cancer immunotherapy, as well as the control of emerging microorganisms such as SARS-CoV-2. However, knowledge of basic immunology has not been fully utilized even after the discoveries of immune checkpoint inhibition for cancer immunotherapy and the development of mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. There is still room for improving the clinical application of basic immunology. The book summarizes the achievements in clinical applications of basic immunology and highlights what can be further extended to make immunology a more practical human science. Basic immunology and its clinical applications are two wheels of the same cart in the immunology field, which aids in the development of more efficient cancer immunotherapy and rapid control of infectious diseases against microorganisms, including new viruses and classical toxoplasmosis. The exploration of ongoing and upcoming applications of basic immunology in this book makes it a useful resource for immunologists, physicians, molecular and genome biologists, bioinformaticians, and students in these fields.

Visible Light-Driven Organic Synthesis covers the recent cutting-edge investigations in the field of visible light– driven organic synthesis in a single comprehensive volume. It provides information on rigorously selected reaction schemes and covers new reactions and new methods under visible light photocatalysis. It enlists more than 100 important synthetic strategies/methodologies with particular emphasis on useful reactions for organic synthesis under the mild reaction conditions reported in recent times involving carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom bond–forming reactions, resulting in a wide spectrum of chemical compounds, providing an outstanding source of information concerning industrial applications. The chapters are classified based on various photocatalysts that have found direct applications in organic synthesis by carrying out different kinds of organic reactions. Each chapter is dedicated to a particular photocatalyst, and each selected reaction is dealt with in a compact manner through point-wise discussion under distinct subheadings covering the reaction type, reaction conditions, bond-forming information, reaction strategy involved, general reaction scheme, examples of representative entries with chemical structures and physical properties, a suggested plausible mechanism, critical views, and literature. In addition, visible light–mediated self-sensitized organic transformations that took place without any external photocatalysts have also been covered. This book is immensely helpful to chemistry students, teachers, researchers, academicians, and chemical/ agrochemical industry people to access the latest information and advances on visible light–driven organic synthesis developments. - Includes more than 100 visible light–driven protocols in organic synthesis having unique features - Provides specific detail about experimental conditions and mechanistic aspects - Increases efficiency in the laboratory by eliminating time-consuming literature searches and acts as a ready practical reference for reproducing any reactions of choice - Presents each Chapter containing a section on critical views that highlights the merits. Each chapter presents a section on critical views, highlighting the merits and demerits of the protocol, comparing it with previous or other available methods, and describing the green and sustainability aspects of the technique

Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) represents a great challenge for cardiac surgeons due to the absence of standard surgical approach and this book is the first complete manual detailing decision-making in all anatomical types of DORV: subaortic, subpulmonary, subarterial and noncommitted defects. It provides information regarding the molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences of the most important syndromes in patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects, arterial hypoxemia and myocardial remodeling.Double-Outlet Right Ventricle explains the most important operations using real anatomical specimens. This helps readers to understand these surgical principles from a surgeon's perspective. All operations are described according to indication, timing, intracardiac revision (structures that should be accessed during an operation), surgical technique, advantages and disadvantages. The book is therefore of importance to all cardiac surgeons and healthcare professionals working with this group of patients.

The Psychology and Neuroscience of Impulsivity is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of impulsivity and related psychological and neural substrates. The book is divided into four sections, the first section, will provide the readers with a general overview of impulsivity, neural and cognitive substrates of impulsive behaviors, and the relationship between impulsivity and risk-taking behaviors. The second section discusses the links between impulsivity and erroneous behaviors, such as anger and aggressive behaviors and interpersonal violence. The third section reviews how impulsive behaviors are key features of several clinical disorders, such as pathological gambling, drug abuse, and antisocial personality disorder. The last section, presents possible treatment options for impulsivity, including a number case studies. - Reviews links between impulsivity to anger and aggressive behaviors - Presents treatment options for impulsivity using mindfulness techniques - Includes psychological and neural substrates of impulsivity within each chapter

Bioactive Microbial Metabolites: Scope and Challenges not only focuses on the identification, separation and purification of bioactive metabolites, the book also provides an understanding of the metabolic pathways for bioactive metabolites production that play an important role in modern healthcare as frontline treatments for many diseases. This is a valuable reference for research students, academicians and scientists in environmental microbiology and biotechnology, and for industry personnel related to microbiology/ biotechnology. The science discussed herein plays an important role in expanding the market of antibiotics, food and agriculture but also offers eco-friendly, safer and profitable solutions to respective industries. - Focuses on the identification and structure elucidation of novel microbial metabolites - Uncovers extended functions of microbial metabolites - Provides understanding of metabolic pathways for bioactive metabolites production by using several illustrations, figures and tables so that the readers can easily grasp key concepts

This book provides updated knowledge on esophageal cancer diagnosis and treatment options. Esophageal cancer has become one of the cancers that can be detected early with the widespread use of endoscopy. Combinations of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical treatment are used in the treatment. Depending on the planning of the surgery, operation is performed in two or three anatomical areas such as abdomen, thorax or cervical region. A good preoperative evaluation and postoperative follow-up and treatment are very important. In the book each stage of the disease is explained by different branches with a multidisciplinary approach. The book addresses professionals in oncology, radiology and surgery.

The Three-volume set LNCS 14596, 14596 and 14598 constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Wisdom, Well-Being, Win-Win, iConference 2024, which was hosted virtually by University of Tsukuba, Japan and in presence by Jilin University, Changchun, China, during April 15–26, 2024. The 36 full papers and 55 short papers are presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 218 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Volume I: Archives and Information Sustainability; Behavioural Research; AI and Machine Learning; Information Science and Data Science; Information and Digital Literacy. Volume II: Digital Humanities; Intellectual Property Issues; Social Media and Digital Networks; Disinformation and Misinformation; Libraries, Bibliometrics and Metadata. Volume III: Knowledge Management; Information Science Education; Information Governance and Ethics; Health Informatics; Human-AI Collaboration; Information Retrieval; Community Informatics; Scholarly, Communication and Open Access.

The recent advancements in biotechnology, particularly in post-COVID era is accelerating the pace of research and development in all areas of biological sciences. Thus, the aim & scope of this book is to clearly illustrate ideas on diverse ongoing cutting-edge advancements in the field biotechnology and current scenario across a wide subject spectrum. The chapters are presented in a manner to update and provide comprehensive knowledge to the teachers, UG/PG students and research scholars and shall serve some interest for the public. This textbook is comprehensive in scope and concise in approach and ensures vital information pertaining to the advancements in biotechnology. Key Features: Comprehensive overview of important topics within pharmaceutical biotechnology. Continuing step-by-step presentation of concepts and techniques. Includes recent advancements in genetic engineering related to CRISPR technology. Incorporation of enhanced multimedia components such as videos and laboratory simulations. New coverage of mRNA vaccines (COVID-19). Each topic will be thoroughly updated to represent the most recent research advancements. Extensive references will be added at the end of each chapter to enhance further study.

This book provides an easy-going, high-quality and updated work focused on the most common diagnoses of Traumatology and Orthopaedics. It's structured with several sub-headings, including bullet-point tips for basic concepts.Each chapter is focused on a specific pathology and includes the following sub-headings: short introduction, applied anatomy and physiology, prevalence, classification, diagnosis (including anamnesis, physical examination and complementary imaging, from plain x-ray to cross-sectional imaging), treatment (conservative-surgical options), controversies, complications, future directions and author's preference for treatment apart from references. Orthopaedics and Trauma - Current Concepts will be an inspiration to the young orthopaedic resident, fellow or even general orthopaedic surgeon and senior medical student. It will definitely help with their careers and also be a useful tool to prepare for the board certified orthopaedic examination.

This atlas is the first reference covering exclusively all aspects of sciatic pain. It is designed to serve as a brief and easy-to-comprehend review of the knowledge of spinal sciatica, with emphasis on classification, epidemiology, clinical presentations, neuroimaging, and treatment options. Sections on extraspinal sciatica and differential diagnosis of this multifaceted topic are also included. This atlas delivers more information in less space than traditional texts, allowing for a quick review of the essential facts of this clinical entity through plentiful images and tables. Pertinent imaging is combined with intraoperative photographs and hand-drawn illustrations to help readers visualize variable presentations and enhance their management. The comprehensive content of this richly-illustrated book covers different etiologies of sciatic pain seen in spinal, neurosurgical, neurologic, rheumatologic and emergency practices, divided into five thematic sections. After general considerations about sciatica and their differential diagnosis, the second section focuses on lumbosacral discogenic sciatica. The third section includes spinal non-discogenic sciatica. The fourth section focuses on extraspinal intrapelvic sciatica, and the fifth provides a description of the most important etiologies of extraspinal extrapelvic sciatica. Comprehensive and unique, Atlas of Sciatica is an excellent pictorial resource for neurosurgeons, spinal surgeons, neurologists, rheumatologists, and many other clinicians worldwide. It is a “one of a kind” book that stands head and shoulders above any other book on this subject (from the foreword of Professor Edward C. Benzel, MD, Founder of the World Spinal Column Society).

This major reference works brings together the current state of the art for joint preservation surgery of the knee, including arthroscopic and open procedures. Generously illustrated with radiographs and intraoperative photos, it presents the latest tips and techniques, providing the knee surgeon with the most up-to-date information for precise preparation and decision-making in this rapidly evolving area. This comprehensive guide is divided into ten thematic sections covering clinical evaluation; fundamentals of arthroscopic and open approaches; basic and advanced arthroscopic procedures; surgical management of meniscal disorders; management of ACL injuries; approaches to complex and multi-ligamentous injuries; limb malalignment; management of cartilage and subchondral bone; patellofemoral and extensor mechanism disorders; and rehabilitation and return to play considerations. Written by experts in the field, Knee Arthroscopy and Knee Preservation Surgery will be a highly valued resource for orthopedic and sports medicine surgeons, residents and fellows.

The more than 90 refereed papers in this volume continue a series of biannual benchmarks for technologies that maximize energy conversion while minimizing undesirable emissions. Covering the entire range of industrial and transport combustion as well as strategies for energy research and development, these state-of-the-art will be indispensable to mechanical and chemical engineers in academia and industry and technical personnel in military, energy and environmental government agencies.

In this second edition, considering the increasing social concerns on sustainability, the authors newly introduce an ingenious material design of rubber vulcanization along with outlining the reaction mechanism. Novel characterization methods for rubber networks and filler structures are updated, and the unique feature of rubber tires for modern and future sustainable society is described. The contents of this book are of interest even for general readers who are concerned with environmental and sustainable issues on our Earth. This book also provides an up-to-date text on rubber science and is a breakthrough among many rubber-related publications. Emphasis is placed on the most modern scientific approaches to rubber science, departing from the usual detailed descriptions of trial-and-error results of traditional rubber technology. This book is a good introduction to modern rubber science both for graduate students and for more or less experienced rubber engineers for updatingtheir way of thinking in handling of technological problems.

The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Photosynthesis offers a unique and comprehensive collection of topics in the field of photosynthesis, serving as an invaluable resource in this field. With contributions from 95 scientists and experts from over 20 countries, this volume has been divided into 13 parts, each serving independently to facilitate the understanding of the material.FEATURES Presents comprehensive information on photosynthesis under normal and environmental stress conditions Covers artificial photosynthesis and its future-related issues Contains 25 new chapters and 18 extensively revised and expanded chapters Includes three new sections: Influence of Nanoparticles on Photosynthesis; Protection of Photosynthesis System and Stress Alleviation Strategies by Photosynthates Manipulations and Photosynthesis Efficiency in Plants under Multiple Abiotic and Biotic Stressors; and Artificial Photosynthesis and Its Future Contains numerous tables, figures, illustrations, and case studies to facilitate the comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words A primary resource in its field, Handbook of Photosynthesis, Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, academics, and for university courses, with the information as a valuable source to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for dealing with photosynthesis issues.