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Liquid chromatography (LC) is the single largest analytical field in terms of people involved and money spent. LC is crucial for almost all public and private sectors and the technique has seen tremendous technological advancements. Nevertheless, separations are often performed under suboptimal conditions and technological capabilities remain unused. Because expert knowledge and method development time are increasingly scarce, methods are often inefficient. Exploiting the full technological capabilities of liquid-phase separation technology requires deep knowledge and great time investments. Method optimization strategies that can simultaneously optimize the large number of parameters involved are therefore of great interest to chromatographers. This review examines different workflows that have been designed and used to facilitate and/or automate method development. In particular, focus is paid to the implementation of computer-aided workflows for the optimization of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters in LC, as well as on the possibilities to conduct this in a closed-loop fashion. Finally, the opportunities to use machine learning to achieve these goals is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the issues that petroleum refineries confront as a result of the worldwide pandemic, economic conditions, and climate legislation, which drive them to seek new business prospects and technological advancements. It discusses the role of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) systems in the economics of the refining sector and reports on a trend toward using severe catalytic cracking technology to increase profits.

The article reports that China's membrane industry has become a supporting industry for the development of industries has played an irreplaceable role in solving the problem of water shortage, air and water pollution, developing new energy industry, and improving the utilization rate of energy and resources. It explores s how to develop China's membrane industry, the opportunities and challenges it encounters rapid development for China's membrane industry.

The article reports that Flottweg, a global leader in mechanical separation technology, has begun constructing a new Process Center to enhance their ability to deliver customer-specific solutions and innovative approaches. Topics discussed include the facility's design and purpose, its impact on processing customer samples and feedback, and its focus on plant protein applications with advanced technology.

Commercialization of columns that provide multiple modes of chromatographic separations have recently been on the rise. For example, combinations of retention modes, such as ion-exchange and reversed-phase, often enable the separation of complex mixtures of analytes not possible using single-mode columns. In this work, recent trends in what is often referred to as "mixed-mode" phase are investigated. Particular attention is paid to recent fundamental research, stationary phase development and design, and areas of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the various manufacturing techniques used in the production of modern contact lenses. Topics discussed include the verifiable accuracy and reproducibility of contact lenses these days has led most of us take for granted the precision with which a whole host of very specific designs are generated; and usually at high volumes, from a range of very different materials and with excellent repeatability.

The article discusses the enduring importance of distillation in the chemical industry and highlights opportunities for improving energy utilization, reducing costs, and enhancing design and operational performance. It introduces a series that explores topics such as multiwalled dividing wall columns, distillation control, operational safety, hybrid distillation, and innovative tower internals, aiming to provide readers with the information needed to propose meaningful changes.

The article reports that Micropore Technologies, an engineering company, has scaled up membrane technology which can design emulsions that have monodisperse droplets. According to Bruce Williams, who is consulting engineer at Micropore, advantages offered by a metal membrane is that one is able to control accurately where the holes are drilled.

The article introduces Postnova Analytics, the exclusive manufacturer of a comprehensive range of Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) systems, including Flow FFF, Thermal FFF, Centrifugal FFF, and SPLITT FFF. FFF technology, applicable in various fields such as nanotechnology, nanomedicine, biotechnology, food, polymer, and environmental sciences. It also provides fast, gentle, and high-resolution separations of macromolecules or particles in liquid media, serving as a reliable alternative.

The article discusses challenges faced in troubleshooting potential problems with liquid chromatography (LC) separations. It refers to examples of experiences with contaminated reagents ad solvents. Suggestions to troubleshoot potential problems with solvents and reagents are described. Strategies for minimizing sample solvent effect are also explained.

"The column is the heart of the separation." Perhaps more accurately, the column is where the chemistry that generates a separation happens. For chemists and non-chemists alike, the chemistry that drives the utility of a column to solve a separation problem can be complex and confusing. Selectivity describes the ability of a column to effect a separation. This installment of "GC Connections" focuses on selectivity, its definition, and its importance for generating separations and resolution. We will also see how selectivity is the concept that underlies the idea of column polarity. We begin by asking two simple questions about common observations, then extend these observations into a capillary GC column, and conclude with an introduction to methods for evaluating the quality, selectivity, and polarity of a stationary phase or column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the information on the elution of solutes through a chromatographic column and contain a wealth of information about the separation process. The article mention about the plate concept that originated from fractional distillation and was later used to interpret results obtained from countercurrent distribution (CCD) extractions; and the distillation process that occurs in stages along the length of a distillation column.

Sample preparation is the most crucial step for the development of an analytical method. The main purpose of sample preparation is the extraction and preconcentration of the target analytes, as well as the removal of the matrix interferences, before their separation and determination. It is the most time consuming step that should be deliberately optimized to enhance extraction selectivity and detection capability. Liquid--liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), along with their variations, are usually applied for sample extraction and cleanup. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can replace conventional sorbent materials in sample preparation techniques such as SPE, solid-phase microextraction (SMPE), and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), offering increased selectivity over the target analytes. Attention is given in molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE), which is mostly employed to study MIP applications, as well as a commercially available technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the modern trends and best practices in mobile-phase selection for reversed phase liquid chromatography (LC) that includes the use of lower buffer concentrations, the elimination of the filtration process, and pH adjustment procedure for buffers. It also mentions selection criteria for the aqueous and organic mobile phases in reversed phase LC and their additives.

The article describes the methods for analyzing mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH), a highly complex mixture with a chemical composition that is subject to natural variance. It discusses the toxicological studies on mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH). It discusses the epoxidation, a method which eliminates the disturbances in the gas chromatographic separation of aromatic hydrocarbons from food products.

The article offers information on the origin of the theoretical plate concept which can be used to develop and formulate chromatographic theory. Topics discussed include the application of theoretical plates to fractional distillation and countercurrent extractions, the applicability of the process, and the assessment of distillation efficacy.

The article offers information on topics related to ultrafast chiral chromatography. Topics mentioned include the technological innovations in ultrafast chiral chromatography, the analysis of achiral liquid chromatography (LC), the particle size distribution, and the porous particles bonded during the chiral stationary phase. Also mentioned was the importance of ultrafast separations technology.

Several new materials and columns have been introduced in recent years for reversed-phase separations of proteins. How do I know which one to choose, and which separation conditions will be best for my protein separation? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the application and utilization of inlet separation and rich amine filtration in managing the contaminants in amine treatment units in the U.S. The topics discussed include the comparison between the lean amine and rich amine filtration, ways of removing liquid hydrocarbons in rich amine streams of amine units, and the economic costs of the amine solvent losses.

The article explores how two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography (LC) can aid detection of impurities and solve coelution problems. An overview of the concept of 2D separation and the principles in the operation of instrumentation for 2D-LC is offered. Applications of 2D-LC in solving dynamic range problems, resolving enantiomers, and addressing coelution for very complex measures using simple peak purity tools or curve resolution methods are discussed.

The article presents the introduction of sample preparation technologies from different companies. Topics mention including the Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) system from CEM, Pulsed Evaporative Concentration Extraction (PECE) system from Entech Instruments and sorbent-based and solid-phase sorbent products.

The article offers information about accuracy validation of size-exclusion chromatography. Topics discussed include use of ionic liquids in separations and mass spectrometry with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); ways to identify organic and inorganic impurities and residual solvents; and analytical tests to find active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).

The article offers information about Pittcon 2018 will be held at Orange County Convention Center, February 26 - March 1, 2018, in Orlando, Florida that will offer several professional quality courses on range of topic including atomic spectroscopy; biomedical engineering; and chemometrics.

The article informs that LCGC, the leading resource for separation scientists, has bestowed Ronald E. Majors and Zachary S. Breitbach as the winners of the 11th annual LCGC Lifetime Achievement and Emerging Leader in Chromatography Awards, respectively.

The article focuses on role of hydrocyclone in classification and purification of mineral industries and that centrifugal force applied to particle spun within cyclone is greater than gravity. Topics discussed include suggestions on selecting equipment that will provide acceptable availability and maintenance costs, reduction of maintenance time through simplification of design shown by mining company Metso and increasing use of hydrocyclones.

The article discusses RELCO wide-body dryer with an integrated fluid bed and vibrating external fluid bed which was commissioned at Lakeland's Baillieborough facility. It mentions that it featured a new pre-heating infusion system for improved product bacteriologic quality. It reveals that final result was greater evaporator flexibility, increased production variety, and higher-quality final products.

The article focuses upon the partnership between Eriez Flotation and Weir Minerals, to design and develop coarse particle flotation systems. Topics discussed include this cooperation between the companies likely to maximize the value added for customers; the views of Ricardo Garib, division president for Weir Minerals, and a paradigm shift represented by Coarse particle flotation that facilitates more efficient separation using less energy and water while producing safer tailings.

The article focuses on the advancement of fast gas chromatography (FGC). Topics discussed include the special focus placed on FGC which involves the use of rapid oven heating and cooling in detecting and predicting compound separation in materials, provides an overview on how to achieve quicker compound separation process.

The article presents information related to technological advancements in two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) methods to address a diverse array of analytical challenges in pharmaceutical and biophrmaceutical industry. Column technology for 2D-LC is described. It highlights the development of hybrid modes of 2D separation.

The article offers information on the benefits of ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) in high-speed and high-resolution analyses. Some of the benefits are: very fast separations with good resolution; rapid development of stability indicating HPLC methods; high-resolution separations of complex samples; flexibility to customize resolution by using columns of different lengths; and higher sensitivity and precision performance.

The article offers information on copper sulphide processing and the benefits of flotation feed classification for it. Topics discussed include the flotation of fine and coarse particles, the need for a technology for reduction in size of particles, and the separation of particles using HydroFloat technology.

The article presents part two on the discussion about the methods on how to use chromatography fundamentals in order to estimate the impact of various parameter changes on liquid chromatography (LC) separations. It emphasis on the influence of retention factor (k) in LC separations and its influence of a change in temperature on retention. It conclude the importance of balancing of cost for retention factor k in adjusting chromatographic conditions.

The article discusses the determination of bioactive polyphenols and contaminants in wine using the Nexera-e instrument used for liquid chromatography x liquid chromatography-photodiode array-tandem mass spectrometry (LCxLC-PDA-MS/MS) analyses. It suggests that the instrument was capable of providing enhanced separation power, enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, alleviating the need for sample clean-up.

The article offers information on the GEA Group's 130th anniversary celebration of its centrifugal separation technology, particularly its separator production in Oelde, Germany. Topics include the company's global market presence; production statistics; investment plans for innovation and sustainability developments; and upcoming projects such as the "Big Bowl" separator designed for energy efficiency and sustainability improvements.

The article discusses the importance of tray efficiency in the distillation process for separating fluid mixtures in the petroleum industry. It highlights the use of genetic programming technique in tray point efficiency for business development. It also cites the presence of vapor entrainment in the chemical process.

The article focuses on efforts made by the energy firm Syncrude Canada to modify an overhead accumulator drum to improve naphtha/sour water separation. Topics include use of fluid coking technology by the company in its oil sands plant in Alberta; breaking of naphtha/sour water emulsion; and use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to understand inlet gas phase flow structure.

The article discusses distillation which is used to separate two or more components by exploiting physical properties of different boiling points. It mentions that distillation is used to separate components that have more value than mixture of components and to prepare a feed for further processing. It highlights hydrogenated pyrolysis, catalytic reformate and aromatics transalkylation.

The article examines separation sequences from C4 hydrocarbon processing. Topics covered include how advanced petrochemical plant design requires flexibility to match different situations such as variation in feedstock, enhancing the benefits of the process, separation and purification, and minimization of capital expenditure.

The article discusses the suitability of column plate number which is a part of the specification for new columns. It examines whether column plate number is a good measurement to include in system suitability testing (SST) for liquid chromatography (LC) methods. It notes the effect of loss of plate number on peak appearance and resolution.

The article offers information on the removal of mercaptans from the hydrocarbon condensate stream at a gas plant in Alberta, Canada through separation technology and novel removal chemistry. Topics discussed include the use of miniaturized system for removal process system, the application of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ozone for removal, and the

An interview with chromatographer Pavel Jandera is presented. He talks about the event that led him into the field of analytical chemistry and chromatography, the people who had been influential in his career, his contribution to science, the challenges facing separation sciences and the awards he received.

An interview with Elena Ibáñez, a research professor at the Institute of Food Science Research is presented. Topics discussed include extraction techniques used in extraction of natural bioactive compounds (phlorotannins) from marine algae; analytical separation method used for the phlorotannins; and study on four green extraction processes. she also comments on advantages of green solvents in chemical processes.

The article presents a case study related to the production of quality tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the petrochemical industry. In this study the method of separation of the THF-water mixture was carried out through rigorous distillation and with a high-pressure to achieve the specified result. Topics include Thermodynamics and separation, Modeling and optimization of THF recovery and Sensitivity analysis. The results, discussion and recommendations are also mentioned.

The article highlights ways to separate high performance chiral with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It mentions that various analytical tests that include methods that assess attributes ranging from appearance, identity; ways to identify organic and inorganic impurities and residual solvents; and ways to find active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).

The article highlights basic concepts and limitations to obtain peak purity in liquid chromatography and optimizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It mentions that various analytical tests that include methods that assess attributes ranging from appearance, identity; ways to identify organic and inorganic impurities and residual solvents; and ways to find active pharmaceutical ingredients (API).

The article explores several methods for extracting the metal from the ore, along with mentions about the electrowinning, which involves electro-deposition of metals in solution after leaching. It discusses that electro-refining uses a similar process to remove impurities from metals. It also mentions that traditional methods used to capture crud in the pregnant liquor produced by leaching also remove the liquor captured in the crud and are tedious and labor-intensive.

The article discusses the use of ion-mobility mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics the separation of ions in the gas phase. Topics discussed include interaction between an individual ion and the neutral gas, physicochemical property of lipids and metabolites, and use of collision energies for analyzing lipidomics and metabolomics.

The article looks at the analysis of peptide mixtures for proteomics research using liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray ionization (ESI) tendem mass spectroscopy (MS). Topics discussed include use of liquid chromatography as a separation technique for proteins and peptides, chromatographic separation of peptides, and concentration of acetonitrile.

The article looks at the implementation of molecular approach of separation science in drug development. Topics discussed include advances in the purification of compounds of interest (COI), goal of preparative chromatography, removal of all solvents and additives to yield a pure powder. It further discusses adaptation of automation in solid and liquid handling improves the reliability and productivity of the purification process.