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There are two stages to making a diagnosis of dementia: establishing the presence of a dementia syndrome and determining the likely cause. Dementia should be distinguished from mild cognitive impairment, in which any cognitive and functional changes are less marked. Diagnosis of dementia is essentially clinical but investigations are helpful in excluding other disorders and in determining the underlying cause of the condition. International diagnostic criteria exist for the most common causes of dementia and these are useful for clinical and research purposes. At and following diagnosis, patients and their families require information, support and guidance about the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study about Horner syndrome, which is characterized by ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis that result from a lesion affecting that oculosympathetic pathway. Topics covered include the Horner syndrome's population-based incidence in adults, its underlying causes and disease manifestations, and the value of imaging in patients with a neurologically isolated Horner syndrome.

A calendar of events for hematology-oncology sector from September 2010 to January 2011 is presented, including the Western Neuroradiological Society 42nd Annual meeting, the HematologyOncology Best Practices 2010, and the 73rd Annual Colon and Rectal Surgery Conference.

The article reports on the findings of a study from Princeton University which revealed connections occurring in the neural activity of adults and babies during playtime.

The article deals with the mechanisms through which autoimmune diseases exert neuro-ophthalmologic effects. It identifies immune-mediated demyelination, vasculitis and hypercoagulability as among the mechanisms. Several autoimmune diseases confer a high risk of venous thromboembolism including systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and Behcet's syndrome.

The article reviews the functionality of some diagnostic tests for pediatric neuro-ophthalmic diseases. Topics discussed include insights from Dr. R. Michael Siatkowski of the University of Oklahoma Dean McGee Eye Institute on the usefulness of hand-held optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus imaging as diagnostic tools. Also mentioned is the use of genetic testing as a cheap option to diagnose dominant optic neuropathy.

The article discusses the benefits of extrusion for medical device manufacturers. It is stated that extrusion offers several benefits for emerging technologies in areas such as minimally invasive surgical devices, diagnostics, neuroradiology, and electrostimulation. Paul Frechette, engineering manager at Pexco, says that the area of catheters has advanced medical procedures, and probe tubes made through extrusion can be used with all types of complex medical instruments.