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Musculoligamentous injury to the cervical spine, or whiplash, is the most common injury following a road traffic accident and is caused by hyperflexion of the neck with extensor recoil. In biomechanical terms, several factors affect the severity of injury. Physical symptoms usually occur within 72 hours of the accident, with a wide variation in the degree and timing of recovery. The mainstay of treatment is analgesics, often with physiotherapy. Ongoing psychological distress is associated with a delay in recovery, and cognitive-behavioural therapy may be a suitable option. A legal report is mostly to gain access to physiotherapy; financial settlements have not been shown to affect outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the damage to the visual function that can result from a whiplash injury. Effect of a car accident to a person's visual function; Description of a whiplash injury; Information on the examination and management of whiplash injuries.

The article discusses development of various motor vehicle safety systems in the U.S. and Europe. The development of such electronic system for commercial vehicles are in response to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202a which effect starting September 2008. The primary goal of such initiative is to enhance cars' whiplash protection. In fact, various of car manufacturers introduce innovative car safety systems including Faurecia SA, Volvo AB and Lexus.

This article presents questions and answers related to medical care that appeared in the November 20, 2003 issue of the journal "Update." According to general practitioner (GP) Julian Peace whiplash occurs as a result of a rear-end collision, where the neck is first flexed then hyperextended in the recoil phase of the accident. In a dodgem car, physics comes into play — the energy of the collision is simply not great enough to cause a significant whiplash scenario. The GP also opines that eyebrow hair is designed to channel sweat away from the eyes and helps reduce glace from sunlight. It is also one of the slowest growing hair types.

The article focuses on the reforms made to the claim process of whiplash in motor vehicle accidents in Great Britain. Information is provided on British Transport Secretary Justine Greening and Justice Secretary Kenneth Clarke's announcement on the changes to the civil process involving whiplash. It is noted that the government wishes to eliminate the eggshell skull principle and introduce a velocity threshold.

The article reports on the findings of the research regarding small city cars in Great Britain. It found that small city cars do not provide adequate protection from whiplash injuries for drivers in the event of low-speed rear-end collisions. It also indicates that the cars were not equipped to protect occupant's necks when they absorb the crash energy from larger and heavier vehicles.

The article focuses on the virtual crash test dummy, developed by product lifecycle management firm Dassault Systemes of France, to help carmakers assess the risk of neck injuries. Firms were forced to do more development and testing work in the area of whiplash injuries sustained in rear-end collisions because of regulations and consumer safety ratings. According to seat supplier Faurecia's simulation manager Laurent Guerin, realistic simulation is critical to address market and regulatory requirements.

The article reports on the case concerning the claimed injury on the collision between the 1987 Olds 88 automobile into the back of a tractor-trailer hitting the car's CCR bar. The author conducted an investigation concerning the claim that the collision caused the injury and his vehicle's CCR bar to bent and damaged the mud flap. It was found that a hard hit to the rear of the trailer would not cause the driver to be thrown to the steering wheel but rather press him back to his seat.

Reports on developments related to research and scientific studies published by nursing and medical journals as of June 23, 2004. Advantages offered by exercise in reducing pain after a whiplash injury; Gaps in health care services received by social classes in Great Britain; Home treatment for babies with jaundice.

Focuses on the NeckShield protection system developed by Johnson Controls Inc. to reduce cervical spine syndrome or whiplash injury due to rear end collisions in automobiles. Features of the system; Benefits of the systems compared to the existing systems available in the market; Various tests conducted by the company to examine the reliability of the system.

Presents legislative issues and government policies affecting engineering design in the United States as of October 23, 1995. Includes an increase in engineering jobs; Proposals to protect whiplash injuries; Approval for the application of military motion sensors into civilian transportation.

Reports that the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration expects to have a decision on a three-year study into whether engineers should redesign the backs of auto seats. Issue on the safety of rigid seats and collapsible seats when hit from behind by another vehicle; Neck fractures in stiff seats; Whiplash injuries in collapsible seats.