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Gynecological cancer, including breast cancer, is the second leading cause of death in women after cardiovascular diseases. It can be prevented by intervening in smoking, obesity, and through vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV). Screening programs are useful for preventing mortality from cervical cancer, but they have not shown benefits in ovarian, endometrial, and vaginal-vulvar cancers. The role of Primary Care is essential to reach those women who do not undergo screening cytology and reverse the law of inverse care. The article provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial cancer and cervical cancer. It is recommended to perform a palpation of the uterus and adnexa to detect possible masses. It is established that from the age of 45, endometrial cancer should be ruled out in case of abnormal uterine bleeding, while in women under 45, the presence of endometrial cancer will be evaluated according to risk factors and pharmacological treatment. The performance of cytology as a complementary test is not recommended. Diagnostic tests and prognostic factors for endometrial cancer are mentioned. As for cervical cancer, its prevalence, transmission, and risk factors are discussed. Primary and secondary prevention strategies, such as vaccination, are mentioned. HPV vaccination is the most effective form of cervical cancer prevention. In Spain, vaccination is recommended for women under 26 years old. Other prevention strategies include counseling on tobacco, alcohol, and protection in sexual relationships. Screening through cytology and HPV testing is used for the secondary prevention of cervical cancer. The treatment of invasive cervical cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As for ovarian cancer, screening is not recommended for women at low or medium risk. Alarm symptoms include persistent abdominal or pelvic pain, early satiety, abdominal distension, and changes in bowel habits. The text provides information on gynecological cancer, specifically on germ cell cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. Symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment, and follow-up for each type of cancer are mentioned. The risk factors associated with each of them are also highlighted. The importance of early detection and regular follow-up to prevent recurrences and improve the quality of life of patients is emphasized. The clinical practice guideline of the Spanish Association of Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (AEPCC) provides guidelines for the secondary prevention of cervical cancer. It focuses on the behaviors to follow in the face of abnormal results from cervical cytology or HPV testing. Gynecological cancers are common and continue to be one of the leading causes of mortality in Spain. The importance of intervening in risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and immunization against HPV is highlighted. The need to individualize and agree on early detection strategies and risk reduction in women with known genetic predisposition for ovarian or endometrial cancer is also mentioned. In addition, the importance of detecting symptoms early and addressing the needs of cancer survivors is emphasized. The article provides information on gynecological cancer, highlighting that it is one of the leading causes of mortality in Spain. The most important modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and obesity, are mentioned. [Extracted from the article]

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke are clinical syndromes characterised by acute neurological deficits with vascular causes. People experiencing TIA or a first stroke are at significant risk of subsequent stroke. Risk factors have been identified and include factors associated with lifestyle such as tobacco use, diet, obesity, alcohol consumption, physical activity and stress. Targeted therapeutic interventions have the potential to reduce the burden of stroke substantially. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the evidence relating to lifestyle risk factors for stroke. Health promotion theories and intervention techniques that nurses can use to address lifestyle behaviour change following stroke will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]