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The article discusses the four most common injections used in eye care. Among the most common injections in optometry includes subcutaneous or intradermal injections, intravenous (IV) injections, and subconjunctival Injections. Information regarding the contraindications, side effects, and medical protocols, are also mentioned.

Cara Therapeutics and Vifor Pharma announce U.S. FDA approval of Korsuva (difelikefalin) injection for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pruritus in hemodialysis patients. The FDA has approved Difelikefalin injection (Korsuva; Cara Therapeutics and Vifor Pharma) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus in adults undergoing hemodialysis. All participants received IV bolus injections of either Korsuva 0.5 mcg/kg or a placebo into the venous line of the HD circuit at the end of each HD session 3 times per week for 12 weeks. [Extracted from the article]

This article offers a practical guide on injecting medicines via the intravenous (IV) route, ensuring safe and effective practice. It considers the benefits of the IV route as well as possible hazards and complications. Through the assessment of risk, it outlines good practice standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Needleless intravenous (IV) access devices were initially introduced into clinical practice to reduce the rate of IV catheter-related needlestick injuries. Their efficacy for this purpose has been confirmed in subsequent reports. However, since their introduction approximately 15 years ago there have been conflicting reports about the risk of IV catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with needleless IV access devices and outlines the types of needleless IV access devices available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the adult intraosseous (IO) insertion in adults that will alleviate the frustration over gaining intravenous (IV) access in difficult situations. It also discusses the indications for using IO therapy, the contraindications for using IO therapy, and the complications associated with IO therapy.

The article discusses researchers concerning eye diseases. Researchers H. Wu, J. de Boer, and T. Chen have revealed the use of spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in early perimetric glaucoma. It states that researchers at University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha reveal the role of latanoprost in intraocular pressure (IOP). Researchers from New York City notes the impact of serial injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in IOP.

The article reports on legislative bill approval over administration of injections through optometrists by the Georgia Senate. Topics include consideration of pharmaceutical agents administration by optometrists through the bill with exception of several agents such as intravenous injections; consideration of the bill favourable for medical treatment in regions deprived of ophthalmologists; and illustration of concerns for the bill by Medical Association of Georgia's president Steven M. Walsh.

The article reports that the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) stops the use of Avastin intravitreal injections for treating any ophthalmic conditions on September 21, 2011. It mentions that VA will reassess how Avastin and similar therapies may be made available for ophthalmologic use. It adds that the decision of VA may boost demand for injectable drug Eylea, which is anticipated to secure final Food and Drug Admonistration approval in November.

The article explores the various modalities for the delivery of chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in children. These treatment modalities include intravitreal, intravenous (IV), and intra-arterial. It notes that chemotherapy for children with retinoblastoma demonstrate good responses using six cycles of three chemoreductive agents including vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin. Moreover, Sub-Tenon's chemotheraphy is used with chemoreduction for advanced cases of retinoblastoma.

The article reports on the 12-month data from Alimera Sciences Inc.'s study on a floucinolone acetonide intravitreal insert for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. The data indicates that patients treated with low dose showed no adverse events related to intraocular pressure (IOP), while 23.5% of patients treated with high dose had IOP increases. Chief scientific officer of Alimera, Ken Green, said the insert may offer a significant safety advantage in floucinolone acetonide delivery.

The article offers information about the VISIV flexible intravenous container device developed by Hospira Inc. The VISIV device has a built-in patient and caregiver safety features that help improve the patients' well-being and enable them to have a greater efficiency of medication delivery. In addition, the device offers a virtual impenetrable port tube that has a higher needlestick protective area for additives medication.

This article presents information on a catheter needle which when a user withdraws after using, a shield tube automatically covers it. The device, used in conjunction with intravenous (IV) catheters, automatically covers the needle when a health professional withdraws it from a patient's vein. The Safe Guard Needle is the only such system to automatically cover the needle point. Other solutions to the problem require clinical personnel to push a guard tube into position after the injection. The problem is, however, that they sometimes forget. As a result, many health professionals prefer to manually recap the needle when they finish using it.

The article discusses a study related to drug delivery depots via hydrogels in mice multiple times via intravenous injections, that was conducted by David J. Mooney and coworkers, and was published in the periodical "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" in 2014.

The article reports on the availability of the Sotalol Hydrochloride Injection from Bioniche Pharma.

The article offers information on talc retinopathy disease. Talc retinopathy results from the use of talc as filler in tablets used for intravenous injections, that causes embolisation of many organs including eyes. Retinal talc deposition is usually asymptomatic except when ischaemic complications affects central vision. The disease is prevalent among intravenous drug users. An overview of signs of acute retinal ischaemia including retinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots is offered.

The article reports that the National Patient Safety Agency of Great Britain released a new guidance for injecting patients with intravenous chemotherapy drug. It is said that the guidance recommends doses of vinca alkaloids in intravenous syringes to be used. It is cited that there should be a warning label displayed on all doses of vinca alkaloid minibags.

The author offers his perspective on the use of intravenous (IV) iron in patients receiving erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). He finds the notion that one needs documentation of iron deficiency before undertaking IV iron as ill-considered. He mentions the existence of studies in uremic patients which have demonstrated that far more efficient erythropoiesis results in ESA-treated patients who are given intravenous, rather than oral, iron supplementation.

The author comments on how much intravenous (IV) therapy became more diverse, sophisticated and complicated during his career as a health-systems consultant. He states that he is concerned that pharmacy departments regard IV solutions that have not been compounded in their pharmacy to be products for which they are not responsible. He argues that it is about time for pharmacy to assume responsibility for all IV therapy in all environments.

The article offers information on several vaccines, including Rhophylac from ZSL Behring, Trasylol from Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corp. and Vaprisol from Astellas Pharma U.S. Inc.

The article reports on a medical device being developed by researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia that will help medical personnel accurately locate veins. A transducer emits a pencil-lead-thin ultrasound beam when a medic moves the device along a patient's arm or leg. The Doppler effect is used by the signal-processing circuits to distinguish arteries from veins based on the direction of blood flow. The device also has a needle guide to ensure accurate insertion.

The article focuses on study regarding the importance of pharmacy-led guidance regarding the use of intravenous antibiotics in reducing their inappropriate administration in Great Britain. The author points out that a high proportion of inpatients have received intravenous antibiotic therapy. The interventions consisted of pharmacy-led guidance incorporating criteria for intravenous therapy and pharmacy-initiated feedback on prescribing. Significantly intravenous administration was considered appropriate in pre- and post-intervention group.

Reports that a San Francisco, California nurse contracted the AIDS virus when she pricked her finger while disconnecting an intravenous (IV) line. 800,000 health personnel are accidentally stuck by syringes; Government hearing in connection with federal rules aimed at protecting workers from blood-borne infections; Contaminated IV needle.