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Alcohol has a negative effect on sleep and can lead to insomnia. The effect varies depending on the stage of alcohol metabolism. Alcohol can change sleep architecture, affect the sleep/wake cycle and increase sleep apnea. Alcohol-induced insomnia has negative health consequences. Treatment requires abstinence and includes pharmacological or cognitive behavioural therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the fluorescence enhancement effects of forsythoside E, one of metabolites of Forsythia suspensa, on human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under simulated physiological conditions. The increase in protein fluorescence induced by forsythoside E is approximately the same in slightly acidic and neutral solutions, whereas the protein fluorescence intensities barely change in the alkaline solution after adding forsythoside E. The fluorescence increase of proteins caused by forsythoside E is significantly greater in ethanol than in the other two solvents. The enhancement effects of forsythoside E on protein fluorescence were weakened when Cu2+ and Fe3+ were pre-added to the solution. Forsythoside E had little effect on the fluorescence of glycosylated BSA (gBSA) but increased the fluorescence of glycosylated HSA (gHSA) in a concentration-dependent manner because BSA was significantly more glycosylated than HSA. These findings can help us to understand thed delivery efficiency, absorption, toxicity, and metabolism of forsythoside E in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AUTH Why you should read this article: • To improve your knowledge of drug misuse and its associated health issues • To understand the potential reasons why some people misuse drugs • To increase your awareness of the interventions available to support people who misuse drugs In their practice, nurses are likely to encounter people who misuse drugs, but they may find it daunting to support these patients. While specialist drug treatment services have an important role in providing substitution treatment and talking therapies, referral is not always appropriate for some patients. Non-specialist nurses are well placed to use techniques such as brief interventions and motivational interviewing to engage patients in discussions about their drug misuse and prompt them to consider how they could reduce it. This article defines drug misuse, describes the contributing factors that can lead to it and its associated health issues. It also discusses how non-specialist nurses can manage and provide optimal support for patients who misuse drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To enhance your knowledge of the benefits of health promotion and preventing ill health • To understand patients' decision-making processes around lifestyle behaviour change • To be aware of the techniques that can be used to support patients to make lifestyle behaviour changes The lifestyle choices that people make in relation to areas such as alcohol consumption, diet and smoking have the potential to seriously affect their health, with long-term conditions such as obesity, heart disease and diabetes mellitus potentially resulting in a suboptimal quality of life for individuals and incurring significant costs in terms of healthcare resources. Health promotion and preventing ill health are priorities for UK healthcare services. All nurses have a duty to continuously update their knowledge and expertise to support patients undertaking lifestyle behaviour change. This article considers practical methods that nurses can use to undertake this essential role, as well as discussing public health policy in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute pancreatitis is a potentially life-threatening condition primarily associated with gallstones or prolonged and excessive alcohol intake. Although the initial triggers of the condition can vary, the resulting pathophysiology is broadly similar irrespective of the cause. This article explores the pathophysiology of the main causes of acute pancreatitis, and discusses nursing management of the condition in the acute setting and the long-term issues to consider. It also outlines the conservative management of the condition, which includes pain management, provision of fluids and nutritional care. In the management of acute pancreatitis, nursing care can often overlap with medical management, especially as the condition deteriorates. Therefore, it is important that nurses develop comprehensive knowledge of the management of acute pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption can be a positive factor in many people's social lives, but for some individuals it may cause associated harm to their health. Alcohol consumption can also place a burden on healthcare services. This article explores the trends of alcohol use, primarily in the UK, and outlines the related health effects. The author reviews the screening and brief interventions that non-specialist nurses can use, in partnership with patients, where they have concerns regarding patients' alcohol use and its potentially harmful health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of proper method validation has important implications in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) determinations. We examine this issue, addressing the importance of gas chromatography (GC) for BAC determination, why certain validation procedures are important, and why accreditation bodies need to step up their game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospital admission with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become increasingly common. Although there is a clear relationship between the risk of ALD and the dose of alcohol consumed, additional risk factors include genetic predisposition, gender, nutritional status, obesity, and co-existing liver diseases such as hepatitis C. ALD ranges from steatosis to alcoholic steatohepatitis and established cirrhosis. Several mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of ALD, including oxidative damage secondary to alcohol metabolism, and endotoxaemia leading to tumour necrosis factor a-mediated cell damage and death. Diagnosis requires a combination of a history of alcohol excess, clinical evidence of liver disease and compatible laboratory investigations, and the exclusion of other liver diseases. Liver biopsy may be necessary in cases of uncertainty. Presentation varies from incidental blood test abnormalities through to overt liver failure. The key to management is long-term abstinence and care should be delivered in conjunction with addiction services. Protein--calorie malnutrition is common and should be addressed along with specific thiamine replacement. Acute severe alcoholic hepatitis has a high mortality, and prognostic scores, such as the discriminant function and the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score, have been derived to identify those at highest risk and those who may derive short-term benefit from treatment with corticosteroids. Cirrhotic patients require hepatoma screening and variceal screening endoscopy. Liver transplant should be considered if the clinical condition does not improve despite a period of abstinence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the global health burden of agerelated macular degeneration is projected to grow rapidly in the next two decades, due to the aging population. However, "The treatment for neovascular AMD is expensive and only sometimes effective," says Valerie Kuan, PhD, of the Institute of Health Informatics, University College London. "There's also no cure for the AMD subtype geographic atrophy."

Military service has many possible consequences for an individual's health. However, the health needs of veterans are not well understood by healthcare professionals. A veteran may present with overlapping symptoms of mental and physical ill health. Problems such as hazardous levels of alcohol consumption and aggressive behaviour may be evident alongside anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic pain and disfigurement. Female veterans may present with other complex health issues, such as military sexual trauma. The author suggests that pre-registration curricula for all healthcare professionals should include learning on veterans as a vulnerable patient group. Primary care settings often have first contact with veterans and their families, and every new patient should be asked about their employment history. Collaboration between healthcare professions is vital in assessing and managing the health needs of veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AB InBev's Nütrl brand is approaching spirit seltzer positioning literally as an "upgrade" on other seltzers that may appeal to a younger and simpler lifestyle. Independence Day was nothing less than a fireworks show at the cash register for High Noon, a vodka-based seltzer brand that just celebrated only its third birthday. [Extracted from the article]

This article describes two modifiable risk factors contributing to chronic disease in Scotland: excessive alcohol consumption and physical inactivity, and discusses evidence-based health promotion measures to address these factors. It illustrates examples of medical, behaviour change, education, client-centred and societal change approaches to health promotion. The article emphasises the need for nurses to engage in a wide range of approaches to health promotion and not merely to rely on telling patients what to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines stationary phases separating different molecules and can keep good peak shape without mobile phase additives. The study uses diverse chemical building block library to identify stationary phases and to obtain representative compounds in four distinct functional group classes including carboxylic acids, amines and alcohols. Results show that amines can produce the most consistent peak shape while carboxylic acids are the most strongly retained.

This study presents a headspace gas chromatography method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for the determination of ethanol and methanol content in biological fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva, emphasizing matrix effects onto headspace analytical results. In this context, a simultaneous procedure was established and validated, and it was revealed that headspace GCfor methanol and ethanol determination in all routinely available biological fluids is applicable as a reference method and also in routine diagnostics and monitoring. GC was performed with a run time of 6 mm. The method showed linearity in the range of 50-400 mg/dL both for methanol and ethanol (r² = 0.998 and r² = 0.999, respectively) in all specimens with a detection and quantification limits less than 1.5 mg/dL and 2 mg/dL, respectively, as well as with good repeatability. Relative standard deviation and percent bias were calculated for interday and intraday accuracy and precision at three concentrations (low 50 mg/dL, medium 200 mg/dL, and high 400 mg/dL) for each biological fluid. A recovery rate of over 90% was obtained. Due to matrix effects of specimens, slight variations in validation data were presented and compared. The method and the obtained results suggest that the use of headspace GC could be extended from confirmatory analyses to routine application in toxicology laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a one year project of the British Royal College of Nursing (RCN) that demonstrated the use of nursing interventions to meet the health needs of people who misuse alcohol. The nursing services in the project improved patient care and saved money for the hospitals. The author also explores statistics on the use of alcohol in Great Britain, the impact of alcohol misuse on violence and disease, and the financial cost of the problem.

The article offers information that the price of palm kernel oil (PKO) has surged to historic highs, and it is likely to remain elevated into 2023, putting upward pressure on the price of downstream detergent alcohols. It mentions that global PKO production declined during the planting year ending October 2020.

Sunbrew was developed by extracting the alcohol from Corona Extra and then blending the non-alcoholic beer with Vitamin D and natural flavors to reach the final recipe. Corona is introducing "Sunbrew", a new alcohol-free beer blended with Vitamin D, as it seeks to underline its credentials as a brand "born on the beach" and capitalize on the burgeoning non-alcoholic drinks market. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on improving manual transfer disinfection in aseptic preparation areas including aseptic workplace to be sterilized through double-ended sterilizers, and spraying alcohol solutions in components before passing into aseptic preparation areas.

Aims To explore the effect of alcohol consumption on the behaviour of women aged between 16-24 years. Method Two hundred and eight women who attended a contraception and sexual health clinic in south east England completed a questionnaire. Eight subsequently took part in focus group interviews. Results Across the age range 16-24 years, the younger the respondents, the earlier the age at which they first drank alcohol and the more they were drinking at the time of the study. They were also more likely to experience negative health consequences. Respondents aged 16 or 17 years were most likely to have commenced drinking at a young age. Conclusion The results suggest that women are commencing alcohol consumption at a younger age and that this has adverse consequences for their health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features a giant female squid preserved at the National Museum of Natural History in the U.S. It mentions that the squid represents human's fascination with the briny brackish deep. Moreover, the squid typifies a continuous experiment in the preservation chemistry. Solutions of alcohols including ethanol, formalin, and dilute formaldehyde are the fluids known to be used for the long term conservation of preserved animals especially the squid. INSET: A Hero Preserved in Brandy.

The article examines the economic benefits of plasma arc gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the U.S. It is expressed that the process produces 816 kilowatt hours (kWh) per ton of MSW net energy which can be converted into liquid fuels through Fischer-Tropsch catalytic synthesis. It converts solid waste and inorganic materials into synthesis gas and vitrified slag which can produce electricity, ethanol and methanol. The case study of the cash flow and net revenue of Linn County/Cedar MSW facility processing in Rapids, Iowa is presented.

This article discusses the use of hydrotreated vegetable oil as a renewable source of high quality diesel fuels. According to the author, since these fuels are hydrocarbons they are better for the engine than ethanol-based fuels and they provide better mileage. They can be produced from animal fats, or vegetable oils such as soybean or sunflower oil, rapeseed or palm oil.

The author reports on the challenges which ethanol bring to firefighters. The characteristics of ethanol and the way these characteristics react to a fire are discussed. Information is provided on how various types of ethanol fires should be handled such as spill fires, tank fires and dike fires. Tests which have been run by the Ethanol Emergency Response Coalition (EERC) to determine which foam agents work in fighting ethanol fires are discussed.

The article deals with issues surrounding the use of ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol has a lower energy content, which means more would need to be consumed to equal the current mileage attained by gasoline-powered vehicles. Engine manufacturers are concerned about the effects of B100 on engine durability, and B100 generally is not suitable for use in low temperature conditions, according to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Fleets also must watch several post-production issues with biofuels. With ethanol, flammability is a major concern.

The article reports that Ethanol LLC are required to protect the environment and reduce the world's dependence on fossil fuels by the Environmental Protection Property (EPA) in the U.S. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires the use of 7.5 billion gallons per year of renewable fuels with gasoline by 2012. As a result, ethanol plants are expanding and being developed at the most significant rate in North America and throughout the world. Ethanol is produced by fermenting and distilling, creating a 200-proof alcohol suitable for combustion in a vehicle. The process configuration & air permit implication are also presented.

The article discusses the use of biomass energy, which involves replacing the natural gas with biomass energy to produce ethanol, dramatically increasing the net energy balance, lower costs, facilitating compliance with emission requirements and improving the sustainability of the corn ethanol production process. This process is used in E3 Biofuel's plant in Mead, Nebraska by recycling the waste and by-products from one operation for reuse in other parts of the process. The symbiotic process involves two Biothane anaerobic digesters which generate methane gas from 300,000 tons of manure produced by 28,000 cattle in an adjacent feedlot. It is emphasized that warm wastewater that contains thin silage is another by-product of the ethanol process.

This article focuses on the adjustments required by the refining industry in order to assimilate biofuel manufacturing into existing systems. The article reports a growing trend in European Union legislation requiring production quotas of biofuel in existing gasoline products. Causes behind the economic demands are explained. Various means of possible implementation of biodiesel and ethanol are explored.

The article presents a study about the economic impact dynamics of modern ethanol plants, particularly the cost and revenue structure of modern ethanol producing facilities. It examines the analytic shortcomings of previous research and generates an ethanol impact modeling prototype for studying the regional effects of the placement of an ethanol plant. The potential regional economic impact gains or losses attributed to the different levels of local ownership of the plants are determined in this research.

The article talks about the realities and opportunities for cellulosic ethanol. The challenges in moving toward the large-scale production of cellulosic ethanol include the acquisition of feedstock sources in close proximity to potential plant locations and storage of raw biomass. Efforts to improve the economic viability of cellulosic ethanol have concentrated on decreasing enzyme costs and improving efficiency of preprocessing. Iogen Corp.'s plan to build a commercial scale cellulosic ethanol plant in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada is discussed. INSET: CELLULOSIC ETHANOL - MAJOR PLAYERS.

The article examines the growing challenges and opportunities in the production of ethanol from corn grain in the U.S. Biofuels, renewable sources if energy, can be produced from biomass, including agricultural residues, straw, corn stover, perennial grasses, legumes and other biological materials. At the moment, the most heavily utilized is corn grain. Because ethanol is the fastest growing of all renewable energy sectors, it is imperative to discuss this industry, as well as the by-product and co-product streams that it generates.

Reports on the brightening prospects, as well as challenges, to replace gasoline by converting cellulosic biomass feedstocks into ethanol. Differences in the process of producing conventional ethanol and cellulosic ethanol; Potential for reduced greenhouse gas emission; Need for technology to overcome the recalcitrance of biomass; Impact of biomass supply expansion on the agricultural system; Challenge of changes in energy policy to make the transition to biomass energy.

The article presents information on various developments related to bio-conservation. Syracuse University's School of Environmental Science and Forestry is working to produce ethanol from renewable sources like wood fiber. At Clarkson University, staff is building refineries to make biodiesel from agricultural products. These announcements were included in the State of the State address given by New York Governor George Pataki. In another development, a program in King County known as "LinkUp" has for many years helped to build sales opportunities for companies using recycled materials as feedstocks for different products.

The article focuses on the increasing role of the marketplace for values. A simple example of the increasing role of the marketplace for values is the growth of "socially responsible" investment funds. These funds screen their investments to eliminate companies that do things the fund managers consider socially undesirable and to include companies doing things they consider socially desirable. Common criteria eliminate companies that sell things like tobacco, gambling,weapons, and alcohol, but different funds can use opposite criteria on controversial issues like birth control and abortion.

The article deals with the issue of identifying and managing patients with an alcohol problem. In the 1998 Health Survey for England,¹ 31 percent of men and 18 percent of women aged 16 or over were drinking more than the maximum weekly limit recommended by the Royal Colleges, 21 units per week for men and 14 units per week for women. Another useful tool for identifying a patient with an alcohol problem is the four question FAST questionnaire, a positive answer to any of these questions is predictive of an alcohol problem. Patients where alcohol has already caused significant physical/mental problems or who are dependent on alcohol should be advised to abstain totally.

Presents the lists of products and services for the composting and organics recycling industry published in the journal "BioCycle's. Presentation of the biodiesel and ethanol from Biodiesel Industries Inc., Biothane Corp. and others; Availability of the compost tea equipment from EPM Inc., Earthworks and others; Inclusion of the leasing, maintenance and wear parts from Brown Bear Corp., Jacobs Corp. and others.

Focuses on techniques in the estimation of triterpenes in wines, spirits and oak heartwoods by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Extraction, separation and quantification of major triterpenes from heartwoods using a LC-MS method in a selected-ion monitoring mode; Use of echinocystic acid as an internal standard; Discussion of reproducibility and detection limits.

Presents technology to increase yields and decrease capital costs in making alcohol by hydration process.

The article focuses on detrimental greenhouse gases produced from the combustion of fossil fuels has been growing for the past few decades and identification of new and more diverse methods of energy use has been investigated around the world. Topics include the combustible alcohols are desired over other technologies due to the convenience of switching from petrol based fuels, and the ethanol is added to most gasolines to increase octane efficiency.

Deals with the conversion of agricultural and municipal waste into ethanol. Information on BC International (BCI), one of several companies planning to produce fuel-grade ethanol based on so-called biomass; Support given by the United States Department of Energy to waste-to-ethanol projects; Details on the plan of BCI to establish a waste-to-ethanol facility in the rice-growing region of California's Sacramento Valley.

Reports on the decline in the price of isopropyl alcohol in September 1996.

Just a few years ago, a trend that's now poised to potentially upend the global beer industry started playing out on a much smaller scale at Heineken's Zoeterwoude brewery near Amsterdam. A report from data-analytics company GlobalData, meanwhile, found that non-alcoholic beer is the beer market's fastest-growing segment. Though my own exploration of nonalcoholic beer is admittedly limited, it's not an overstatement to say that Heineken 0.0 tastes uncannily like its sister label. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the lead of ethanol fuels in the fuels industry due to its high quality oxygen enriching agents and blenders which can improve combustibility by mixing with gasoline; and supportive policies. Topics discussed include reduction in the generation of incomplete combustion pollutants and carbon oxide emission, different categories of ethanol fuels based on their production, and supportive policies for promoting the use of Ethanol Gasoline.

4/2/2021 Digital Edition- IFT Sign In- May 2019 https://foodtechnology.ift.org/publication/?m=46537&i=584995&p=1 23/148 4/2/2021 Digital Edition- IFT Sign In- May 2019 https://foodtechnology.ift.org/publication/?m=46537&i=584995&p=1 24/148 Copyright of Food Technology is the property of Institute of Food Technologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on a notice of proposed rulemaking issued by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on March 17, 2014 to appeal to the aviation industry for guidelines on drug and alcohol (DA) testing programs. It discusses the DA rule under the FAA Modernization and Reauthorization Act of 2012, the employees covered by the DA rule and the views of the Aeronautical Repair Station Association on the rulemaking.