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The article discusses the decrease of paper consumption in business processes. Replacement of paper-based systems with electronic ones had caused the decrease in cut-paper sales. Workflows have been redesigned to reduce or eliminate paper-centric processes and was replace with more efficient ones through technologies such as Electronics Data Interchange and web services, imaging and electronic documents and document management systems. But in other firms such as Sonora Quest Laboratories in Tempe, Arizona, the use of paper based output is more likely to expand since health care providers prefer a printout of medical test lab results. INSETS: The Paper Practice;A DIGITAL ALTERNATIVE.

The article reports on the imminent arrival of high-definition (HD) video based on the contents of papers to be presented at the 2009 International Solid State Circuits Conference (ISSCC). It is noted that underlying technology in broadband communications to support the demanding data stream is now in silicon. The imminent arrival of HD video is supported by sufficient wireless bandwidth to deliver the bit stream, along with sufficient band flexibility to work with whatever broadband signal is available at the moment.

Focuses on the digital delivery of editorial cartoons and comic cartoons to newspapers in the United States. Number of comic creators and editorial cartoonists filing digital works; Percentage of newspapers acquiring electronic cartoons; Advantage of the digital delivery of cartoons.

As vast channels for communication, such as the Internet, become more popular, the security of digital media becomes a greater concern. Steganography is one of the techniques used to make detecting the transmitted data over channels more difficult, as hiding a message will reduce the probability of detecting this message. In this paper we suggest a new algorithm of steganography for hiding a gray image in one another. The cover is divided into blocks of equal sizes. Each block size equals the size of the embedding image. The results drawn in this paper with the similarity equals 0.9717 are more improved and give the clear picture of the object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in mobile computing and wireless communication technologies are enabling high mobility and flexibility of anytime, anywhere service access for mobile users. As a result, network connections of such users often span over heterogeneous networking environments consisting of wired and wireless networking technologies. Both network heterogeneity and user mobility make the securing of data transmission over heterogeneous networks challenging and complex. In this paper, we focus on the challenge of providing secure end-to-end network transmissions to wireless mobile users. To minimize service interruption during ongoing secure sessions of mobile users, we present the design and implementation of an approach based on the well-known Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) standard. We conducted a performance evaluation of our implementation using a Voice over IP (VoIP) application over an actual network testbed. Our empirical performance results demonstrate a packet loss improvement of 17% to 34% (for various VoIP packet sizes) and a handoff delay improvement of almost 24% validating the high efficiency of our proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the development of beam-forming network for European satellite antennas which is known to be connected to that of beam-forming networks. Related topics discussed include a proposal for a beam-forming network classification, beam-forming network topologies, beam-forming network transmission lines and transmission lines. It is concluded that this paper reviewed the basic concepts and techniques of beam-forming networks for satellite multiple beams and reconfigurable antennas.

This paper examines the micro Internet Protocol (uIP) network stack and discusses the porting of uIP to a digital signal processor-based wireless sensor board. One of the keys in deciding which stack best fits a device is determining the resource requirements for the software. It is important when evaluating and selecting a lightweight network stack implementation that it allows communication with standard, full-scale Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) devices. The uIP stack is designed to incorporate only the absolute minimal set of components necessary for a full TCP/IP stack. In addition some real-time operating systems include or have network stacks ported to them. uIP utilizes a single global buffer, which has a configurable size based on the minimum packet length supported, for coming and outgoing packets. To avoid buffering outgoing data before it has been acknowledged, uIP requires the application to assist in packet retransmissions. When the uIP stack determines that a retransmission must occur, an event is sent to the application. After porting the uIP networking code to the TMS-320C509 digital-signal processor, the main processing loop is implemented. If a data packet has not been received, a timer count is checked to see if it is time to call the periodic function. It might be helpful to enable debugging in the uIP stack to get output from the code.

This article provides information on the most popular Ethernet systems. In the 1970s, Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs, then researchers at the Palo Alto Research Center of Xerox Corp., were working on a system to interconnect the company's computers and printers at a data-transmission rate of 2.94 megabytes per second. Their 1976 paper describes the broadcast-communication system for transporting packets of data among locally distributed computer systems that they dubbed Ethernet. With vendors annually shipping an estimated total of 300 million ports, Ethernet pervades business and local-area-networking in general. Automation engineers will quickly acknowledge its long struggle for acceptance in the face of field-bus technologies, principally due to intrinsic-safety issues. This situation remains a bone of contention within the process-control industry, in which many deployments restrict Ethernet to data-collection and back-office duties. But a host of silicon vendors include Ethernet ports on their microcontrollers, on which the technology continues to make in-roads into the deeply embedded-system space. Elsewhere, Ethernet continues its challenge for metropolitan-area data transport, with many vendors offering bridge chips to facilitate connections with wide-area backbone technologies, such as synchronous optical network or synchronous digital hierarchy. INSET: ETHERNET TARGETS LAN/WAN DIVIDE.

Looks at three papers presented during the 1999 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference focusing on advances in processor speed and architecture, memory performance and density and faster data transfers. Approaches for implementing 32- and 64-bit processes with silicon-on-insulator technology; Chip developed by Hewlett-Packard Co. which can cram 1.5 megabytes of cache.

This article reports on the decision of U.S. newspapers to initiate facsimile products to expand reader service and zoning possibilities as of April 1993. The New York Times is among a number of newspapers offering reader-service products ranging from reprints to tax forms to copies of presidential speeches. Some newspapers are offering even more. The Detroit Free Press, for example, will fax readers a package of car reviews. While other papers are looking at products that would not fit the constraints of a general newspaper. U.S. newspapers are also exploring the prospects for zoned fax services.

This article presents information on new products related to computer industry. ThinkVision L180p LCD flatpanel monitor, which features a bezel thickness of just 0.67 in. Its thin size suits it for tiling on a wall or arranging on a desktop computer in a dual-monitor configuration in office environments. The Thermex temperature-indicating sensor paper nondestructively reveals temperature distribution between any two heated contacting surfaces. Designed for wireless communications, the CRO2275A voltage-controlled oscillator covers a 50-MHz bandwidth with an average tuning sensitivity of 15 MHz/V. Also, it covers 2250 to 2300 MHz in 0.5- to 4.5-V dc of tuning with a spectral signal of -85 and -114 dBc/Hz at 1- and 10-kHz offsets, respectively. The IsoLoop IL261 coupler combines the company's patented spintronic giant magnetoresistors with CMOS circuitry to fit in a 0.4 in, 16-pin SOIC. It contains four transmit channels and one receive channel.

The article provides answers to questions about electronic data interchange (EDI) and Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X12 standard. EDI refers to the exchange of data or information between a sender and receiver via electronic means, usually over phone lines, from one computer to another without the use of printing or paper to accomplish this exchange. X12 refers to the ASC X12, which is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Another ANSI-accredited standards developer is the National Information Standards Organization (NISO). NISO standards are aimed at libraries, information science and publishing. They tend to be related to data within that industry which identifies and describes bibliographic material, whereas X12 standards deal with business transactions. NISO and ASC X12 are similar in that both organizations are accredited by ANSI. However, they differ in that NISO is industry-specific, whereas X12 is general in its scope. NISO members include libraries, computer manufacturers, system vendors, publishers, research organizations, book and serial suppliers, networks and consultants. X12 members include organizations from industry groups such as transportation, banking, manufacturing, health and retail, federal and state government agencies, educational and financial institutions and trade associations. ANSI ASC X12 was formed for the purpose of exchanging business transaction data over telecommunications connections between computers operated by trading partners. The impetus for using X12 in the information industry instead of developing industry-specific standards under NISO was started by members of the Book Industry Systems Advisory Committee in may 1989.

The article reports on the white paper "Addressing Carrier Aggregation Challenges Using Multiplexer Solutions," in which Qorvo Inc. discusses how multiplexers can solve challenges associated with carrier aggregation (CA). The white paper describes the complex performance requirements for multiplexers while comparing the isolation requirements at times of communication without CA versus the requirements when implementing CA.

This article relates the lessons learned by early adopters on VoIP deployment strategy. A good deployment planning begins with a comprehensive review of existing infrastructure. Telecommunication equipment vendors will help you decide which systems can take on voice traffic and perform adequately for fees starting around $5,000. A strict pre-assessment also helps identify potential network bottlenecks. Internal expertise become invaluable considering that vendors are always looking to sell their products. Ensuring that users get the voice services they need also depends on cabling. INSET: VLANs Avoid the Migraine of Maintaining Separate Networks.

The article provides information on the white paper "Microwave Site Monitoring: A Guide to Achieving Total Visibility of Your Very Remote Sites," released by DPSTelecom. The white paper begins by offering an overview of microwave-equipment monitoring. The document covers the different types of microwave communications. It also focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of using microwave data transport.

The article offers information about the white paper "System Interconnect Fabrics: Ethernet Versus RapidlO Technology," written by Greg Shippen. The paper provides a detailed and advanced marketing-oriented description of the logical, transport and physical layers of RapidlO technology. Its chapters include discussions on interconnection, the requirements for system-level fabric and the comparison of Ethernet and RapidlO. The paper also offers a great overview of the Ethernet and RapidlO protocols. Moreover, the paper is published by the RapidlO Trade Association.

The article focuses on the communications and information processing systems at St. Clare's Hospital in Weston, Wisconsin, one of the first hospitals in the nation to completely digitalize those services. Patients can view their own charts and receive information on medication on flat-screen monitors by their beds. Doctors carry wireless-enabled tablet personal computers instead of using paper charts. All television, telephone, and information processing is run by a single unfied network.

This article presents advice related to sending one's own electronic newsletters. Electronic newsletters are transmitted by e-mail. They are sent only to those who want them. They differ from e-mail lists as they only disseminate information and do not facilitate discussion. There is no better method to raise the profile of the library media center than incorporating a local, regional, national, or international celebration into its promotional planning. Electronic newsletters help in saving paper, money, and time. If there are only a few people, then the easiest method is to do send an electronic newsletter from one's own computer using one's e-mail client. One will need to enter e-mail addresses manually. One will also have to delete them as required, update and manage them when one's subscribers go on vacation or have other individual requests. There may be individual differences between e-mail clients, but usually one will need to open up one's Address Book, go to the New option in the File menu, and select the New Group option. To send one's newsletter, one should write one's news as an e-mail, and then send to the group one has created in one's address book.

Focuses on the United States National Science Foundation's (NSF) Internet-based FastLane research grant proposal system. Requirements in filing; Benefits obtained by NSF in its switch from a paper-based system to FastLane; Percentage of NSF proposals submitted through FastLane in 1999; Technical challenges in the system's development.

The article offers information on the white paper by V. K. Sood, D. Fischer, J. M. Eklund and T. Brown entitled "Developing Communication Infrastructure for the Smart Grid" in the U.S. The document details several smart-grid requirements, the communication requirements of medium data-intensive smart-grid devices, and several aspect of generation, transmission, distribution and user networks. Evaluation of two smart-grid scenarios are also discussed.

This article describes an approach that uses time-domain analysis as an alternative to frequency-domain testing in time-domain reflectometry and time-domain transmission measurements, which is explored in a white paper from Picosecond Pulse Labs. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is the key to obtaining frequency-domain data from time-domain measurements. Frequency-domain data can be calculated from sampled time-domain measurements using the FFT.

The article reports on the automation of Okle company's paper receipt and fax order processes in order to improve its customer service and at the same time reduce costs caused by manual errors. The company uses the solution that combines TOPCALL FaxConnect for Orders from DICOM group with Ascent Capture and VirtualReScan technology from Kofax. The operations of the system are offered in the article. The implementation of the system speeded up the workflow and lowered error rates.

Presents information on a white paper entitled "Understanding the Benefits and Potential Hazards of Using USB-based Data Acquisition Solutions for Test & Measurement Applications" from Keithly Instruments Inc. Popularity of universal serial bus (USB) as an alternative interface for data acquisition and measurement; Ability of computers with USB 1.1 ports to transfer data to and from a USB data-acquisition module at up to 12Mb/s; Factors to consider when designing modules.

This article reports that according to a long-term study, workers are not as productive as they were five years ago. It can be partially attributed to the use of e-mails. The report, by IBT-USA, a management training organization, was published on November 8, 2005. In its White-Collar Productivity Index (WPI), a five-year study of more than 1,000 users, IBT-USA found that e-mail is not as effective as a productivity tool as it's cracked up to be. The WPI shows that the time spent handling e-mail has increased rapidly, from about four hours per week to 8.8 hours per week during the study period. And time spent handling paper mail has also not dropped proportionally. But the downturn in productivity is not just an IT problem; time spent attending ineffective meetings has risen from 0.7 hours per week in 2000 to 2.1 hours per week in 2004.

The article profiles Harry Nyquist who is best known for his Sampling Theorem. Evidence of its importance is everywhere. According to the Sampling Theorem, an analog signal must be sampled at regular intervals over time and at twice the frequency of its highest-frequency component to be converted into an adequate representation of the signal in digital form. Thus, the "Nyquist frequency" is the highest frequency that can be accurately sampled. It represents one-half of the sampling frequency. Adhering to the Nyquist Sampling Theorem ensures no lost data upon reconstruction in the analog domain. Products like cell phones, audio CDs, and iPods are all based on the broad-shouldered foundation of the theorem, and that alone is enough to place Nyquist among the electronics industry's greats. As early as 1918, Nyquist had begun attempts to adapt telephone circuits for transmission of images. Nyquist's work was enormously influential to the communication engineers that followed him. Nyquist's most significant work was his 1928 paper, "Certain Topics In Telegraph Transmission Theory." It refined his earlier work on improving transmission speed. More importantly, though, it brought into focus Nyquist's theoretical work on the bandwidth requirements for data transmission and the basics of sampling continuous analog signals and converting them to digital form, now better known as the Nyquist Sampling Theorem.

This article presents information on a line of USB-compatible data acquisition devices called USB 2.0 Hi-Speed. Software is included for logging data and exporting it to spreadsheet applications like Microsoft Excel. Other features are automatic code generation and custom channel scaling. The AutoCAD-compatible 2-D design and 3-D viewing system PowerCAD Classic has been upgraded to version 6 by GiveMePower Corp. The application offers functionality similar to AutoCAD LT, according to the developer. Wiselmage 6.7 system from Consistent Software Ltd., loads scanned raster data from drawings into the AutoCAD environment. Engineers scan their paper drawings into a scanner from Ideal Scanners.

Provides updates on issues and events concerning signal processing in data transmission systems as of March 2005. Overview of the white paper on total jitter measurement from Agilent Technologies; Details of an application note from California Eastern Laboratories which compared complementary metal oxide semiconductor switches with PIN diode and GaAs switches.

This article lists several myths about online applications to colleges and graduate schools. On issues related to chances of acceptance, it is important to know that schools prefer online applications and some schools only accept applications submitted online. Online applications are generally more legible and tend to look more or less professional than handwritten ones. In addition, paper applications need to he entered into a school's database manually, allowing more room for human error on the school's side. Online applications are automatically downloaded into the schools' data bank.

Reports on the move of some companies doing business with the United States government to shift to electronic mail over paper mail, as a result of the anthrax problem. Comments from Krish Krishnan, chief executive of NetCompliance Inc.; Advisory from the country's Department of Transportation dated October 19, 2001; Possible increase of security problems in electronic communications.

Reports on the introduction of in-flight data transmission. `Seattle Times' photographer Greg Gilbert's use of GTE Airfone to send a photograph of United Airlines' inaugural Boeing 777 flight back to his paper while in flight.