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The article presents an analysis concerning the practical art of mass spectrometry. It focuses on mass accuracy and resolution, interpreting mass spectrometer output, and solvents and caveats for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. It determines the role of isotopes play in determining a compound's identity. Moreover, it emphasizes that a comprehensive method of evaluating instrument mass accuracy measurement capability is to calculate the root mean square (RMS) error.

The article presents information on the chromatographic separations of archaeological biomolecules. Stable isotopes of lighter elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen can be measured at very high precision using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Currently, the most successful compound specific isotope method in archaeological measurements couples gas chromatography (GC) with IRMS, a technique alternately called isotope ratio monitoring GC-MS or GC-combustion-IRMS. One interesting application of GC-C-IRMS is to the analysis of cholesterol in ancient and modern bone.

Measures rutherfordium fluoride (Rf) distribution coefficients by a rapid chromatographic method. Examination of the relativistic molecular orbital calculations of isotopes; Analysis of the distribution coefficient for Rf on the ion-exchange column; Cause of electron configurations and oxidation states of heavier elements.