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Owing to their numerous nutritional and bioactive functions, phospholipids (PLs), which are major components of biological membranes in all living organisms, have been widely applied as nutraceuticals, food supplements, and cosmetic ingredients. To date, PLs are extracted solely from soybean or egg yolk, despite the diverse market demands and high cost, owing to a tedious and inefficient manufacturing process. A microbial-based manufacturing process, specifically phospholipase D (PLD)-based biocatalysis and biotransformation process for PLs, has the potential to address several challenges associated with the soybean- or egg yolk-based supply chain. However, poor enzyme properties and inefficient microbial expression systems for PLD limit their wide industrial dissemination. Therefore, sourcing new enzyme variants with improved properties and developing advanced PLD expression systems are important. In the present review, we systematically summarize recent achievements and trends in the discovery, their structural properties, catalytic mechanisms, expression strategies for enhancing PLD production, and its multiple applications in the context of PLs. This review is expected to assist researchers to understand current advances in this field and provide insights for further molecular engineering efforts toward PLD-mediated bioprocessing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-energy demands due to globalization have led to the proliferation of nuclear technology as an alternative greener energy source to meet these demands. With this proliferation comes the release of large amounts of radionuclides into the environment. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with tunable porous structures and numerous active sites have proved to be excellent at removing these radionuclides from various environmental media. These active sites due to the presence of functional groups allow for favorable sorptive interactions between ZIF-based materials and radionuclides. With their excellent chemical stability in refluxing organic and aqueous media, ZIFs hold a special place among metal-organic framework materials with respect to capturing various types of radionuclides. Moreover, other favorable characteristics such as high thermal stability, high framework porosities (ZIF-8 surface area as high as 1970 m2 g−1) and abundant functional groups, make them suitable for capturing radionuclides. In this review, recent advances in the sequestration of radionuclides with ZIFs and their derived materials (composites, derivatives) are highlighted. The challenges and prospects in this fast-growing branch of coordination chemistry are briefly discussed. This work, being the first of its kind to the best of our knowledge will serve as grounding for the future development of ZIF-based materials for radionuclide removal from the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]