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Background: Reducing delays along the acute stroke pathway significantly improves clinical outcomes for acute ischemic stroke patients eligible for reperfusion treatments. The economic impact of different strategies reducing onset to treatment (OTT) is crucial information for stakeholders in acute stroke management. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview on the cost-effectiveness of several strategies to reduce OTT. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science until January 2022. Studies were included if they reported 1/ stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis and/or endovascular thrombectomy, 2/ full economic evaluation, and 3/ strategies to reduce OTT. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement was applied to assess the reporting quality. Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, of which thirteen were based on cost-utility analysis with the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality-adjusted life year gained as the primary outcome. Studies were performed in twelve countries focusing on four main strategies: educational interventions, organizational models, healthcare delivery infrastructure, and workflow improvements. Sixteen studies showed that the strategies concerning educational interventions, telemedicine between hospitals, mobile stroke units, and workflow improvements, were cost-effective in different settings. The healthcare perspective was predominantly used, and the most common types of models were decision trees, Markov models and simulation models. Overall, fourteen studies were rated as having high reporting quality (79%-94%). Conclusions: A wide range of strategies aimed at reducing OTT is cost-effective in acute stroke care treatment. Existing pathways and local characteristics need to be taken along in assessing proposed improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertical pendular nystagmus (PN) rarely occurs with acute pontine lesions. To hypothesize a pathophysiology for acute vertical PN, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and quantitative eye-movement recordings of one new case with acute vertical PN and an additional 11 patients from the literature. Most patients had extensive pontine lesions causing either the locked-in syndrome or unresponsiveness, but two conscious patients had focal lesions restricted to the paramedian caudal pontine tegmentum. All patients presented a complete or partial horizontal gaze palsy, and about half showed ocular bobbing before or during the appearance of vertical PN. The vertical oscillations were conjugate at a frequency of 1–5 Hz, and the amplitudes were variable, ranging from 0.2° to 40°. The peak velocities were asymmetric in some patients, faster with downward movements. About half of the patients developed palatal tremor several weeks or months after presenting with acute vertical PN. Based on the location of the lesions and results of eye-movement recordings, we suggest two possible mechanisms for acute vertical PN; oscillations originating in the inferior olives due to disruption of the central tegmental tract or low-velocity saccadic oscillations caused by omnipause neuron damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a critique of the poem "Nativity Ode" by English poet John Milton from the perspective that Milton is a musical poet who lyrically suspends transcendence and reality. Several stanzas from the poem are explicated, focusing on religious themes, his literary style and use of enjambement, the emergence of biblical and literary allusions to Virgin Mary, and the expression of musical troping in his work.

The article reviews the book "Visions of the Enlightenment: The Edict on Religion of 1788 and the Politics of the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century Prussia," by Michael Sauter.

The article reviews the exhibition "Bisj Poles, Sculptures from the Rainforest" at the Tropen museum in Amsterdam.

The article reviews several books about religion, including "Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality," by D. Fontana, "Semiotik Des Liturgischen Gesanges. Ein Beitrag Zur Entwicklung Einer Integralen Untersuchungsmethode Der Liturgiewissenschaft," by J. Hausreither, and "Erkenntnis Und Methode in Der Praktischen Theologie," by S. Klein.

Reviews several books on religion including "Death and Dying, Spirituality and Religions. A Study of the Death Awareness Movement," by Lucy Bregman, "Religious Thought and the Modern Psychologies," second edition," by D. S. Browning and T. D. Cooper, "Cults and New Religious Movements. A Reader," edited by Lorne L. Dawson and "Religious Leadership and Christian Identity," edited by D. Nauer, R. Nauta and H. Witte.

Reviews several books. "Metaphor in Educational Discourse," by L. Cameron; "Poverty, Suffering and HIV-AIDS: International Practical Theological Perspectives," edited by P. D. Couture and B. J. Miller-McLemore; "Secularization: An Analysis at Three Levels," by K. Dobbelaere.

In their editors' preface to the Human Resource Development Research Handbook, Swanson and Holton define the purpose of the volume as twofold: first, to bridge the gap between research and practice in the field of human resource development (HRD); and, second, to provide HRD with a research handbook. Herein the authors aim to achieve a ‘milestone in the maturity of HRD as a field of study’. The back sleeve depicts the Handbook as being written mainly for practitioners to ‘explain the value, purposes, methods, and processes of HRD research in clear, simple language’. The Handbook consists of ten chapters divided into three parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the book "The Politics of Sociability: Freemasonry and German Civil Society, 1840-1918," by Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann, translated by Tom Lampert.

The article reviews the book "The ELLEments of Personal Style," edited by Joe Zee and Maggie Bullock.

The article reviews the book "Religious Education as Encounter: A Tribute to John M. Hull," edited by S. Miedema.

The article reviews the book "Researching RE Teachers. RE Teachers as Researchers," edited by C. Bakker and H.-G. Heimbrock.

The article reviews the book "Innenansichten des Referendariats. Wie erleben angehende Religionslehrer/innen an Grundschulen ihren Vorbereitungsdienst? Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Entwicklung (religions)pädagogischer Handlungskompetenz," by R. Englert, B. Porzelt, A. Reese and E. Stams.

The article reviews the book "'Schwierige' Bibeltexte im Religionsunterricht. Theoretische und empirische Elemente einer alttestamentlichen Bibeldidaktik für Primarstufe," by M. Fricke.

The article reviews the book "Good Practice in Religious Education: Examples and Perspectives of Primary Schools," edited by P. Schreiner, F. Kraft and A. Wright.

The article reviews the book "Inés of My Soul," by Isabel Allende.

Reviews the book 'Symmetry Principles in Elementary Particle Physics,' by W.M. Gibson and B.R. Pollard.

Reviews the book 'Comparative Neurology of the Optic Tectum,' edited by Horacio Vanegas.

Reviews the book 'The United States in the World Economy,' edited by Martin Feldstein.

Reviews the book 'Buffalo Soldier Regiment: History of the Twenty-fifth United States Infantry, 1869-1926,' by John H. Nankivell.

Reviews the book `Vertigo: Its Multisensory Syndromes,' 2nd edn., by Thomas Brandt.