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Suzuki K, Takei N, Iwata Y, Sekine Y, Toyoda T, Nakamura K, Minabe Y, Kawai M, Iyo M, Mori N. Do olfactory reference syndrome and Jiko-shu-kyofu (a subtype of Taijin-kyofu) share a common entity? Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004: 109: 150–155. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2004. Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) in the Western literature is characterized as preoccupation with the idea that the body emits a foul odor. Japanese patients with a feature similar to ORS have long been recognized as jiko-shu-kyofu, which is believed to be a culture-bound syndrome and specific to Japan. The aim of the study was to clarify the relationship between the two separate syndromes that had independently been recognized in culturally different settings. The phenomenology and treatment of seven patients with jiko-shu-kyofu were described. A feature of jiko-shu-kyofu was then compared with that of ORS. In our cases, clinical characteristics of jiko-shu-kyofu such as symptomatology, insight, and pharmacotherapy response were found identical to those of ORS except for the onset at relatively younger ages. Jiko-shu-kyofu and ORS may share a common clinical entity, hence the former is not a culturally distinctive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]